阅读理解六级.docx
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阅读理解六级.docx
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阅读理解六级
PassageOne
I'lladmitI'veneverquiteunderstoodtheobsession(难以破除成见)surroundinggeneticallymodified(GM)crops.Toenvironmentalistopponents,GMfoodsaresimplyevil,anunderstudied,possiblyharmfultoolusedbybigagriculturalbusinessestocontrolglobalseedmarketsandcrushlocalfarmers.TheyarguethatGMfoodshaveneverdeliveredontheirsupposedpromise,thatmoneyspentonGMcropswouldbebetterchanneledtoorganicfarmingandthatconsumersshouldbeprotectedwithwarninglabelsonanyproductsthatcontaingeneticallymodifiedingredients.Tosupporters,GMcropsareakeypartoftheefforttosustainablyprovidefoodtomeetagrowingglobalpopulation.Butmorethanthat,supportersseetheGMoppositionofmanyenvironmentalistsasfundamentallyanti-science,nodifferentthanthosewhoquestionthebasicsofman-madeclimatechange.
Forbothsides,GMfoodsseemtoactasasymbol:
you'repro-agriculturalbusinessoranti-science.ButscienceisexactlywhatweneedmoreofwhenitcomestoGMfoods,whichiswhyIwashappytoseeNaturedevoteaspecialseriesofarticlestotheGMfoodcontroversy.Theconclusion:
whileGMcropshaven'tyetrealizedtheirinitialpromiseandhavebeendominatedbyagriculturalbusinesses,thereisreasontocontinuetouseanddevelopthemtohelpmeettheenormouschallengeofsustainablyfeedingagrowingplanet.
Thatdoesn'tmeanGMcropsareperfect,oraone-size-fits-allsolutiontoglobalagricultureproblems.Butanythingthatcanincreasefarmingefficiency一theamountofcropswecanproduceperacreofland一willbeextremelyuseful.GMcropscanandalmostcertainlywillbepartofthatsuiteoftools'butsowilltraditionalplantbreeding,improvedsoilandcropmanagement一andperhapsmostimportantofall,betterstorageandtransportinfrastructure(基本设施),especiallyinthedevelopingworld.(Itdoesn'tdomuchgoodforfarmersinplaceslikesub-SaharanAfricatoproducemorefoodiftheycan'tgetittohungryconsumers.)I'dliketoseemorenon-industryresearchdoneonGMcrops—notjustbecausewe'dworrylessaboutbias,butalsobecauseseedcompanieslikeMonsantoandPioneershouldn'tbetheonlyentitiesworkingtoharnessgeneticmodification.I'dliketoseeGMresearchonlesscommercialcrops,likecom.Idon'tthinkit'svitaltolabelGMingredientsinfood,butIalsowouldn'tbeagainstit一andindustrywouldbesmarttogoalongwithlabeling,justasawayofremovingfearsaboutthetechnology.
Mostofall,though,Iwishatenthoftheenergythat'sspentendlesslydebatingGMcropswasfocusedonthosemorepressingchallengesforglobalagriculture.Therearemuchbiggerbattlestofight.
注意:
此某些试题请在答题卡2上作答。
56.HowdoenvironmentalistopponentsviewGMfoodsaccordingtothepassage?
A)Theywilleventuallyruinagricultureandtheenvironment.
B)Theyareusedbybigbusinessestomonopolizeagriculture.
C)Theyhaveprovedpotentiallyharmfultoconsumers'health.
D)Theyposeatremendousthreattocurrentfarmingpractice.
57.Whatdoestheauthorsayisvitaltosolvingthecontroversybetweenthetwosidesofthedebate?
A)BreakingtheGMfoodmonopoly.B)Morefriendlyexchangeofideas.
C)RegulatingGMfoodproduction.D)MorescientificresearchonGMcrops.
58.WhatisthemainpointoftheNaturearticles?
A)FeedingthegrowingpopulationmakesitimperativetodevelopGMcrops.
B)PopularizingGMtechnologywillhelpittoliveuptoitsinitialpromises.
C)MeasuresshouldbetakentoensurethesafetyofGMfoods.
D)Bothsupportersandopponentsshouldmakecompromises.
59.Whatistheauthor'sviewonthesolutiontoagriculturalproblems?
A)IthastodependmoreandmoreonGMtechnology.
B)Itisvitaltothesustainabledevelopmentofhumansociety.
C)GMcropsshouldbealloweduntilbetteralternativesarefound.
D)Whateverisusefultoboostfarmingefficiencyshouldbeencouraged.
60.WhatdoestheauthorthinkoftheongoingdebatearoundGMcrops?
A)Itarisesoutofignoranceofandprejudiceagainstnewscience.
B)Itdistractsthepublicattentionfromotherkeyissuesoftheworld.
C)Effortsspentonitshouldbeturnedtomoreurgentissuesofagriculture.
D)Neithersideislikelytogiveinuntilmoreconvincingevidenceisfound.
PassageTwo
Questions61to65arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Whentherightpersonisholdingtherightjobattherightmoment,thatperson'sinfluenceisgreatlyexpanded.ThatisthepositioninwhichJanetYellen,whoisexpectedtobeconfirmedasthenextchairoftheFederalReserveBank(Fed)inJanuary,nowfindsherself.Ifyoubelieve,asmanydo,thatunemploymentisthemajoreconomicandsocialconcernofourday,thenitisnostretchtothinkYellenisthemostpowerfulpersonintheworldrightnow.
Throughoutthefinancialcrisisandtherecessionandrecoverythatfollowed,centralbankshavetakenontheroleofstimulatorsoflastresort,holdinguptheglobaleconomywithvastamountsofmoneyintheformofassetbuying.Yellen,previouslyaFedvicechair,wasoneoftheprincipalarchitectsoftheFed's$3.8trillionmoneydump.Astareconomistknownforhergroundbreakingworkonlabormarkets,Yeilenwasakindofprophetessearlyoninthecrisisforherwarningsaboutthesubprime(次级债)meltdown.NowitwillbeherjobtogettheFedandthemarketsoutofthebiggestandmostunconventionalmonetaryprograminhistorywithoutderailingthefragilerecovery.
ThegoodnewsisthatYellen,67,isparticularlywellsuitedtomeetthesechallenges.Shehasakeenunderstandingoffinancialmarkets,anappreciationfortheirimperfectionsandastrongbeliefthathumansufferingwasmorerelatedtounemploymentthananythingelse.
SomeexpertsworrythatYellenwillbeinclinedtochaseunemploymenttotheneglectofinflation.Butwithwagesstillrelativelyflatandtheeconomyincreasinglydividedbetweenthewell-offandthelong-termunemployed'morepeopleworryabouttheopposite,deflation(通货紧缩)thatwouldaggravatetheeconomy'sproblems.
Eitherway,theincomingFedchiefwillhavetowalkafinelineinslowlyendingthestimulus.Itmustbesteadyenoughtodeflatebubbles(去泡沫)andbringmarketsbackdowntoearthbutnotsoquickthatitcreatesanothercreditcrisis.
UnlikemanypastFedleaders,Yellenisnotonetobuyintothefinanceindustry'sargumentthatitshouldbeleftalonetoregulateitself.SheknowsallalongtheFedhasbeentooslackonregulationoffinance.
Yellenislikelytoaddressrightaftershepushesunemploymentbelow6%,stabilizesmarketsandmakessurethattherecoveryismoreinclusiveandrobust.AsPrincetonProfessorAlanBlindersays'"She'ssmartasawhip,deeplylogical,willingtoarguebutalsoagoodlistener.Shecanpersuadewithoutcreatinghostility."AHthosetraitswillbeusefulastheglobaleconomy'snewpowerplayertakesonitsmostannoyingproblems.
注意:
此某些试题请在答题卡2上作答。
61.WhatdomanypeoplethinkisthebiggestproblemfacingJanetYellen?
A)Lackofmoney.B)Subprimecrisis.C)Unemployment.D)Socialinstability.
62.WhatdidYellenhelptheFeddototacklethefinancialcrisis?
A)Takeeffectivemeasurestocurbinflation.
B)DeflatethebubblesintheAmericaneconomy.
C)Formulatepoliciestohelpfinancialinstitutions.
D)Pourmoneyintothemarketthroughassetbuying.
63.Whatisagreaterconcernofthegeneralpublic?
A)Recession.B)Deflation.C)Inequality.D)Income.
64.WhatisYellenlikelytodoinherpositionastheFedchief?
A)Developanewmonetaryprogram.B)Restorepublicconfidence.
C)Tightenfinancialregulation.D)Reformthecreditsystem.
65.HowdoesAlanBlinderportrayYellen?
A)Shepossessesstrongpersuasivepower.
B)Shehasconfidenceinwhatsheisdoing.
C)Sheisoneoftheworld'sgreatesteconomists.
D)SheisthemostpowerfulFedchiefinhistory.
PartVITranslation(30minutes)
是中华人民共和国都市化(urbanization)进程中历史性时刻,其都市人口初次超过农村人口。
在将来里,预计约有3.5亿农村人口将移居到都市。
如此规模都市发展对都市交通来说既是挑战,也是机遇。
中华人民共和国政府始终倡导“以人为本”发展理念。
强调人们以公交而不是私家车出行。
它还号召建设“资源节约和环境和谐型”社会。
有了这个明确目的,中华人民共和国都市就可以更加好地筹划其发展,并把大量投资转向安全、清洁和经济型交通系统发展上。
PassageOne
Questions56to60arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Technologycanmakeussmarterorstupider,andweneedtodevelopasetofprinciplestoguideoureverydaybehaviorandmakesurethattechisimprovingandnothinderingourmentalprocesses.Oneofthebigquestionsbeingdebatedtodayis:
Whatkindofinformationdoweneedtohavestoredinourheads,andwhatkindcanweleave"inthecloud,"tobeaccessedasnecessary?
Anincreasinglypowerfulgroupwithineducationarechampioning"digitalliteracy".Intheirview,skillsbeatknowledge,developing"digitalliteracy"ismoreimportantthanlearningmerecontent,andallfactsarenowgoogle-ableandthereforeunworthyofcommittingtomemory.Buteventhemostsophisticateddigitalliteracyskillswon'thelpstudentsandworkersnavigatetheworldiftheydon'thaveabroadbaseofknowledgeabouthowtheworldactuallyoperates.Ifyoufocusonthedeliverymechanismandnotthecontent,you'redoingkidsadisservice.
Indeed,evidencefromcognitivesciencechallengesthenotionthatskillscanexistindependentoffactualknowledge.Datafromthelastthirtyyearsleadstoaconclusionthatisnotscientifically
challengeable:
thinkingwellrequiresknowingfacts,andthat'struenotonlybecauseyouneedsomethingtothinkabout.Theveryprocessesthatteacherscareaboutmost--criticalthinkingprocesses—areintimatelyinterwined(交织)withfactualknowledgethatisstoredinlong-termmemory.
Inotherwords,justbecauseyoucangooglethedateofBlackTuesdaydoesn'tmeanyouunderstandwhytheGreatDepressionhappenedorhowitcomparestoourrecenteconomicslump.Thereisnodoubtthatthestudentsof
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