关系代词引导的定语从句总结.docx
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关系代词引导的定语从句总结.docx
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关系代词引导的定语从句总结
关系代词引导的定语从句总结
一、关系代词引导的定语从句
1.who指人,在从句中做主语
(1)TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.
(2)YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwholosthisway.
2.whom指人,在定语从句中充当宾语,常可省略。
(1)Mr.Liuistheperson(whom)youtalkedabout.
注意:
关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替,可省略。
(2)Themanwho/whomyoumetjustnowismyfriend.
3.which指物,在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略
(1)Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.(which在句子中做主语)
(2)Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.(which在句子中做宾语)
4.that指人时,相当于who或者whom;指物时,相当于which。
在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略。
(1)Thepeoplethat/whocometovisitthecityareallhere.(在句子中做主语)
(2)Whereisthemanthat/whomIsawthismorning?
(在句子中做宾语)
5.whose通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语
(1)hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.
(2)Ioncelivedinahousewhoseroofhasfallenin.
whose指物时,常用以下结构来代替
(3)theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.
(4)theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.
(5)doyoulikethebookwhosecoverisyellow?
(6)doyoulikethebookthecolorofwhichisyellow?
二、关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时,从句常由介词+关系代词引导
(1)theschool(that/which)heoncestudiedinisveryfamous.
(2)theschoolinwhichheoncestudiedisveryfamous.
(3)tomorrowiwillbringhereamagazine(that/which)youaskedfor.
(4)tomorrowiwillbringhereamagazineforwhichyouasked.
(5)we'llgotohearthefamoussinger(whom/that/who)wehaveoftentalkedabout.
(6)we'llgotohearthefamoussingeraboutwhomwehaveoftentalked.
注意:
1.含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用,如:
lookfor,lookafter,takecareof等
(1)
(1)thisisthewatchwhich/thatiamlookingfor.(turth)
(2)thisisthewatchforwhichiamlooking.(false)
2.若介词放在关系代词前,关系代词指人时用whom,不可用who或者that;指物时用which,不能用that;
(1)themanwithwhomyoutalkedismyfriend.(t)
(2)themanwho/thatyoutalkedwithismyfriend.(f)
(3)theplaneinwhichweflewtocanadaisverycomfortable.(t)
(4)theplaneinthatweflewintocanadaisverycomfortable.(f)
3.“介词+关系代词”前可有some,any,none,both,all,neither,most,each,few等代词或者数词
(1)helovedhisparentsdeeply,bothofwhomareverykindtohim.
(2)inthebaskettherearequitemanyapples,someofwhichhavegonebad.
(3)therearefortystudentsinourclassinall,mostofwhomarefrombigcities.
解答"介词+关系代词"类型的定语从句题时,关键在于分析定语从句中的谓语动词(该动词是不及物动词)习惯上常与什么介词搭配使用。
这就需要同学们在平时学习时要注重某些不及物动词和介词惯用的情形,并要灵活运用。
例如:
Inthedarkstreet,therewasn'tasingleperson________shecouldturnforhelp.
A.that
B.who
C.fromwhom
D.towhom
简析:
本题定语从句中的turn与介词to构成固定短语"turntosb.forhelp(向某人求助)"。
定语从句由关系代词who、whom、whose、which和关系副词where、when、why等引导,但须记住:
1.what不能引导定语从句.
2.关系词的分析须考虑它在定语从句中的成分。
一.指人的关系代词有who、whose、whom、that. 试分析:
(1)The old man who/whom /that we visited yesterday is a famous artist.
(2) Miss Wang is taking care of the child whose parents have gone to Beijing.
(3)The man with whom my father shook hands just now is our headmaster.(The man who/whom that my father shook hands with just now is our headmaster.)
注:
A. 指人时有时只用who不宜用that。
1.先行词为one、ones或anyone
(1)The comrade I want to learn from is the one who studies hard and works hard.
(2)Anyone who breaks the law should be punished.
2.先行词为these时
These who are going to Beijing are the best students of our school.
3.在there be 开头的句子中
There is a student who wants to see you.
4.一个句子中带有两个定语从句,其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that,另一个宜用who,以免重复。
The student that won the first prize is the monitor who works hards.
5.在非限制性定语从句中
A。
I met a friend of mine in the street, who had just come from Japan.
B.主句以who开头的句子中,只用that,不用who。
二.指物的关系代词有which、whose(=of which)、that. 试分析:
1. I like the books which / that were written by Lu Xun.
2. The desks (which/that) we made last year were very good.
3. This is the house in which we lived last year. (= This is the house which /that we lived in last year.)
4. I live in the room whose windows face south. (= I live in the room ,the windows of which face south.)
注:
A. 介词如果位于作为其宾语的关系代词之前时,只能用whom、 which不能用who或that.
(1). The girl about whom they were talking is our monitor.
(2). The book in which there are many interesting things was written by Li Ming.
B. 部分短语动词中的介词不可与动词拆开,在定语从句中其介词不可前置,只能放在其动词之后。
Is this the book which she is looking for?
The old man who/whom they are waiting for is Professor Li.
The child who/whom she is looking after is Wang Ping’s son.
C. 指物时,下列情况下只能用that ,不宜用which。
(1)先行词为不定代词,如All、much、anything、everything、nothing、something、none、the one等。
We are willing to do anything that is good to the people.
I have told them all (that) I know.
All that can be done has been done.
(2)先行词是序数词或被序数词、修饰时。
The first book that I read last night was an English novel.
(3)先行词是形容词最高级或被最高级修饰时。
This is one of the most interesting films that I have ever seen.
This is the best that can be done now.
(4)如果有两个或两个以上分别表示人和物的先行词时(先行词既有人又有物),定语从句的关系代词用which和who都不合适,只能用that。
We know nothing about the doctors and the hospitals that you are talking about.
There are sheep and men that can be seen on the hill.
(5)如果先行词被the only、the very、the last、the same、any、 few 、little、no、 all 、one of、 just修饰时。
This is the only book that can be lent to you.
(6)当主句是以which开头的特殊问句时,关系代词只用that。
注意:
1.不用that的情况
(a)在引导非限定性定语从句时。
(错)Thetree,thatisfourhundredyearsold,isveryfamoushere.
(b)介词后不能用。
Wedependonthelandfromwhichwegetourfood.
Wedependonthelandthat/whichwegetourfoodfrom.
2.只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况
(a)在therebe句型中,只用that,不用which。
(b)在不定代词,如:
anything,nothing,theone,all等作先行词时,只用that,不用which。
(c)先行词有theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast,just修饰时,只用that。
(d)先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时,只用that,不能用which。
.
(e)先行词既有人,又有物时。
(f)先行词指物,在主句中作表语时.
(g)为了避免重复.
(h)先行词是theway或thereason时,that可作关系副词,也可省略
Which is the dictionary that he used yesterday ?
D.只物时,下列情况下只能用which,不宜用that。
(1)关系代词放在介词之后
This is the factory in which we once worked.
(2)非限制性定语从句中
This is the book, which is written by Lu Xun.
(3)that,Those作主语时
Those which are on the desk are English books.
E.先行词前有such、the same、 as时, 关系代词用as,不用that, 但the same…as…表示同样的, the same…that…表示同一的
He knows as many people as are present at the meeting.
Such people as you refer to are rare nowadays.
what不能引导定语从句
【典型例题解析】
例 1Thesecondbook______IwanttoreadisBusiness@theSpeedofThought.
A.whichB.whatC.thatD.as
解析 先行词 book被序数词修饰时要用that引导定语从句,故选C。
例 2I'llneverforgetthedays_____Istayedwithyou.
A.whenB.inwhichC.thatD.forwhich
解析 本题指时间,故选 A。
例 3Thebook______issoldoutatthemoment.
A.youneedB.whatyouneed
C.whichyouneeditD.thatyouneedit
解析 B、C、D中的what和it与先行Thebook相抵触 , 故选 A。
例 4Isthistheplace______Lincolnoncelived.
A.thatB.whichC.whereD.when
解析 本题指地点,故选 C。
例 5I'moneoftheboys_________ neverlateforschool.
A.thatisB.whoareC.whoamD.whois
解析 本题中 who用作主语,谓语动词与先行词theboys保持一致,故选B。
【选讲例题】
例 6Hersister,______youmetatmyhome,wasateacherofEnglish.
A.whomB.thatC.whichD.whois
解析 非限制性定语从句中 , 关系代词用 which,不用that,但指人时用who或whom.故选A。
例 7Thesebookareforstudents_____motherlanguageisnotEnglish.
A.ofwhomB.thatC.whichD.whose
解析 whose引导的定语从句中,whose用作定语,故选D。
三、单项选择()
1.YourteacherofChineseisayounglady____comesfromBeijing.
A.whoB.whichC.whomD.whose()
2.Ilikethehouse_____windowsfacesouth.
A.whoseB.who’sC.it'sD.its()
3Hewastheonlypersoninhisoffice______wasinvited.
A.whomB.whoseC.thatD.which()
4.Thisisthemuseum______wevisitedlastyear.
A.whereB.inwhichC.whichD.inthat()
5.Charlietoldhismotherall____hadhappened.
A.thatB.whatC.whichD.who
6.—WhereistheSchoolEnglishSpeechContestgoingtobeheldtonight?
—I’mnotsure.Isitinthehall_____canhold300people?
A.whereB.whatC.thatD.when
7.—Whatkindofmoviesdoyoulike?
—Ilikemovies_______scarymonsters.
A.whichhasB.thathaveC.whathasD.whyhave
8.Doyouknowtheman______istalkingtoMissWu?
A.heB.whomC.whoD.which
9.—Whichisyournewneighbor,LiuHua?
—Theman_______T-shirtisred.A.thatB.whoC.whichD.whose
10.—Doyouknowthegirl_______istalkingwithourteacher?
—Oh,she’smysister.
A.whoB.whoseC.whomD.where
11.People______overweightneedmorewaterthanthinpeople.
A.whoisB.whichareC.thatisD.whoare
12.Sorry,wedonthavethecoat________youneed.
A.whatB.whoC.whomD.which
13.Thisisthedictionary________Mumgavemeformybirthday.
A.whichB.whatC.whoseD.whom
14.Doyouknowtheman________issittingbehindNancy?
A.whatB.whichC.whoD.whom
15.Thebook________heboughtyesterdayisveryinteresting.
A./B.whyC.whenD.what
状语从句专练Ⅰ.选择填空:
1.Themancan’tgetonthebusbecausethere________noroomonit.A.wasB.isC.areD.were2.Iwaslisteningtothemusic________therewasaknockatthedoor.A.whileB.whenC.becauseD.until3.Idon’tknowifhe________tomorrow,ifhe_________,I’llmeethim.A.willcome,comesB.comes,comesC.willcome,willcomeD.come,willcome4Theteacherunderstandsthat________Mathshadalwaysbeeneasyforhim,itisnoteasyforthestudents.sinceB.unlessC.thoughD.when5.________Iread,themoreIunderstand.A.ThemoreB.SomuchC.HowmuchD.Forall6.WouldyougiveJohnnythisletterifyou________toseehimthisweek.A.willhappenB.happenC.arehappenedD.
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