大学英语六级语法整理汇总.docx
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大学英语六级语法整理汇总.docx
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大学英语六级语法整理汇总
大学英语六级语法
导学部分
误区:
●四六级不考语法
●语法=单选题
语法?
●语言的规矩和法则
●连词成句
语言语法句子
四六级语法学什么?
句子
句子的结构
一个句子多个句子的连接
(一件事)(多件事)
简单句并列句/复合句
第一章:
简单句的核心
第一部分:
简单句
第二章:
简单句的补充
第二部分:
并列句
基础语法
四六级语法第三部分:
复合句
强调
第四部分:
特殊用途的句子倒装
虚拟
真题应用长难句分析(全真题讲解)
第一部分:
简单句
第一章:
简单句的核心
一、简单句的核心构成
简单句一个句子(一件事)
世界是物质的,物质是运动的
n.+v.
主语+谓语
11
n.+谓语v.
一主一谓,谓语动词的不同决定简单句的不同构成。
例子:
Iswim.
IlikeEnglish.
区分vt./vi.
1)意思
2)介词(prep.)
●IlikeEnglish.
●Thebridekissedthegroom.
●Birdsflyinthesky.
●Wewalkedonthestreetyesterday.
●Youlookatme.
介宾结构
●Theyofferedmeavacantpost.
●Theyofferedavacantposttome.
Iboughtyouapresent.
Iboughtapresentforyou.
IfindHongKong?
?
?
IfindHongKongverybeautiful.
IfindHongKongaplaceforshopping.
●我非常高兴。
●Iveryhappy.?
?
?
Iamveryhappy.
主系表
系动词
1.be动词(单独)
2.“变得”getbecometurngogrow
3.感官动词looksoundsmelltastefeel
“看/听/闻/尝/感觉起来……”
4.keepremain/seemappear
1.Iaskyouaquestion.主谓双宾
2.Youanswer.主谓
3.Iloveyou.主谓宾
4.Youmakemylifecomplete.主谓宾补
5.Iamhappy.主系表
主语+谓语+?
二、简单句的核心变化
(一)谓语动词的变化:
1.时态:
一般过去时
形式:
V.过去式(did/was/were)
用法:
过去的事、过去的动作(无关现在)
例子:
Hewasastudent.
Helikedmusic.
Shehadaboyfriend.
变否定或疑问:
Hewashappy.
HelikedEnglish.
Hewasnothappy.
HedidnotlikeEnglish.
Washehappy?
DidhelikeEnglish?
Howwashe?
Whatdidhelike?
补充:
V.过去式V.过去分词
looklookedlooked
buyboughtbought
seesawseen
eatateeaten
V.过去式V.过去分词
一般过去时完成时
被动语态
不作谓语
一般现在时
形式:
V.原形/V.第三人称单数(do/does)
YoulikeEnglish.
HelikesEnglish.
用法:
1.现在经常性习惯性的动作
WehavetheEnglishclasseveryday.
Heoftengetsuplate.
2.现在的状态
Iamateacher.
WeareinChina.
3.永恒
Theearthisround.
Theearthmovesaroundthesun.
Knowledgeispower.
Practicemakesperfect.
变否定或疑问:
Heishappy.
YoulikeEnglish.
HelikesEnglish.
Heisnothappy.
YoudonotlikeEnglish.
HedoesnotlikeEnglish.
Ishehappy?
DoyoulikeEnglish?
DoeshelikeEnglish?
Howishe?
Whatdoyoulike?
Whatdoeshelike?
补充:
与频率连用(every,onceaweek,twiceamonth,threetimesa…)
always
usually,often,frequently
sometimes,hardly
never
一般将来时
形式:
will/am/is/aregoingto+V原形
用法:
将来的事(现成的将来)
Iwillmakeanewplantomorrow.
Wearegoingtostudyabroadnextyear.
变否定或疑问:
Hewillleave.
Heisgoingtoleave.
Hewillnotleave.
Heisnotgoingtoleave.
Willheleave
Ishegoingtoleave?
Whatwillhedo?
Whatishegoingtodo?
过去将来时
形式:
would/was/were/aregoingto+V原形
用法:
将来的事(过去的将来)
IsaidthatIwouldbecomeacookinthefuture.
Tonyfinishedhiswork,andthenhewouldleaveforLondon.
3种进行时
At10o’clockyesterdaysomestudentsweretakinganexamintheirclassrooms.
Wearetakingaboutthewaterpollution.
Agreatmanycandidateswillbemeetinghereatthistimetomorrow.
现在完成时
形式:
have/has+done
用法:
现在全部完成Hehasleft.
现成部分完成WehavestudiedEnglishfortenyears.
过去完成时
形式:
had+done
用法:
过去的之前
Whenhegotthere,shehadleft.Shewasnotthere.
完成时vs.完成进行时
They_____ontheprogramforalmostoneweekbeforeIjoinedthem,andnowwearestillworkingonitasnogoodresults_____sofar.
A.havebeenworking;havecomeout
B.hadworked;cameout
C.hadbeenworking;havecomeout
D.haveworked;arecomingout
2.语态:
n.+v.
动词的时态
动词的语态
动词的情态
谓语动词的变化语态
被动语态
狗吃了那个蛋糕。
Thedogatethecake.
?
吃了那个蛋糕。
蛋糕被吃了。
狗吃了那个蛋糕。
主语宾语
蛋糕被狗吃了。
被动语态适用范围1:
及物动词。
2:
不及物动词+介词。
被动语态
be+done
被动的时间被动的动作
备注:
1.be表示被动的时间(把be变成对应的各种形态),还表达主语单复数
2.done表示被动的动作
教室每天都打扫。
Classroomsarecleaned(clean)everyday.
一座新的大楼去年建造的。
Anewbuildingwasbuilt(build)lastyear.
与时态相结合
被动语态be+done
他每天被打。
Heisbeateneveryday.
他昨天被打了。
Hewasbeatenyesterday.
他明天将要被打。
Hewillbebeatentomorrow.
他现在正在被打。
Heisbeingbeaten.(现在经行时的被动am/is/are+beingdone)
他现在已经被打了。
Hehasbeenbeaten.(现在完成时的被动have/has+beendone)
Ourmorningpaperisread(read)byover200,000peopleeveryday.
LastnightmyfavoriteTVprogramwasinterrupted(interrupt)byaspecialnewsbulletin.
Hisbikewillberepaired(repair)byhisgrandfathertomorrow.
Thenewmachinehasbeenused(use)inourfactoryfortwoweek.
与情态动词相结合
被动语态be+done
Planesareheard.
Planescanbeheard.
Planescouldbeheard.
Planesmaybeheard.
Planesmustbeheard.
这封信必须马上寄出。
Thelettermustbesentimmediately.
天气不能被人们所控制。
Weathercannotbecontrolledbypeople.
3.情态:
用法:
1)情态动词+动词原形
2)情态动词的人称变化无
3)情态动词的时态变化有限
4)情态动词变否定/疑问
四六级常用的情态动词有:
must“必须”can/could“能够,可以”will/would“愿意/将要”
may/might“可以,可能”should“应该”
1情态动词表示情态
Wemustfinishtheworkwithinaweek.
Airpollutionmustbetakenseriously.
Thegovernmentcansolvetheproblemofwaterpollution.
Tonycouldwalkwhenhewasonlyoneyearold.
Willyoumarryme?
Iwilltravelabroadwithmyfamily.
Potentialbuyerswouldcheerforlowerinterestrates.
Tosomeextent,expressionsmayinfluenceemotions.
Suchbodilyreactionmighthelpmoderatetheworkstress.
Studentsshouldworkhardtopasstheexams.
Thosesickpeopleshouldseekhelpfromdoctors.
2情态动词表示推测
The details may be unknowable.
Such searches must take years.
Thelossofpatiencecanpotentiallyhaveadamagingimpactonourprofessionalandpersonalwellbeing.
Thepeculiarwayofsayingthosethingsmayhaveledtomisunderstanding.
Nowsomethingsimilarcouldbehappeningintheoceans.
练习:
1)Inordertobeagoodsalesclerk,you____________(mustnot/willnot)berudetoacustomer.
2)Thispieisverygood.You____________(should/must)tryapiece.
3)Rice____________(should/must/may)havewaterinordertogrow.
4)Don’tbenervous.Ithinkyou____________(can/must)makeit.
5)Iamnotsure.Probablyhe____________(may/should)comelater.
(二)主语/宾语/表语的变化:
1.名词/代词
Mostgraduatesalwayswantabig-firmjob.
Sheistheleaderoftheorganization.
Theygaveusagoodimpression.
2.doing/todo
Laughingprobablyhasgreatinfluenceonhealth.
Tolaughprobablyhasgreatinfluenceonhealth.
Itprobablyhasgreatinfluenceonhealthtolaugh.
Havingonlyafoggyviewofthefutureisoflittlegood.
Itisnousetotalkaboutdreamswithouttrying.
Weenjoyreadingbooksinthelibrary.
Themembersoftheboarddecidetovoteagainstthenewplan.
Ourmaingoalistofinishthetaskontime.
3.多个并列
Scienceandtechnologywilldeveloptheprocessofsociety.
Socialsciencedisciplinesincludegeography,economics,politicalscience,andpsychology.
Thatdoesn'tmeansittingdownanddoingnothingatall.
n.+v.
名词/代词动词的时态
doing动词的语态
todo动词的情态
多个并列动词的否定
第二章简单句的补充
一、限定词/形容词副词/介词短语
常用介词:
inonat/fromto/intoonto/withwithout/of/by/for/about
其他介词:
betweenamong/acrossthrough/against/likeas
二、非谓语动词
非谓语动词共3种:
doing表示______主动_______
done表示______被动_______
todo表示______目的_______
Passingplanescanbeheardnightandday.
Theteachercameintotheclassroom,holdingabookinhishand.
Heboughtausedcar.
Theteachercameintotheclassroom,followedbyfivestudents.
Ihavealotofhomeworktodo.
Iamcomingtoseeyou.
练习:
1.________,youneedtogiveallyouhaveandtryyourbest.
A.BeingawinnerB.Tobeawinner
C.BeawinnerD.Havingbeenawinner
2.________intoEnglish,thesentencewasfoundtohaveanentirelydifferentwordorder.
A.TranslatingB.Translated
C.TotranslateD.Havingtranslated
3.Peterreceivedaletterjustnow________hisgrandmawouldcometoseehimsoon.
A.saidB.saysC.sayingD.tosay
4._________animportantroleinanewmovie,Andyhasachancetobecomefamous.
A.OfferB.OfferingC.OfferedD.Tooffer
5.Theisland,________tothemainlandbyabridge,iseasytogoto.
A.joiningB.tojoinC.joinedD.havingjoined
三、同位语/插入语
同位语,解释说明前面名词,与名词相同,说的是一件事。
Myteacher,Mr.Lee,iscomingtothemeeting.
插入语,插入的补充说明,与前后无关。
Myteacher,togetherwithhiscolleagues,iscomingtothemeeting.
Alltheirlives,today'syoungwomenhavebeenpushedtoembracebothperfectionandpassiontopursuescienceandsports,mathandtheateranddoitallaswellastheypossiblycan.
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Confrontedwithsuchfacts,someSwedishactivistsandlegislatorsaredemandingmoreextremeandfar-reachingmeasures,suchasreplacingmaleandfemalepronounswithaneutralalternativeandmonitoringchildrenmorecloselytocorrectthemwhentheygravitatetowardgenderedplay.
201406CET6
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