阅读专题复习词义猜测.docx
- 文档编号:27104953
- 上传时间:2023-06-27
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:17
- 大小:29.16KB
阅读专题复习词义猜测.docx
《阅读专题复习词义猜测.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《阅读专题复习词义猜测.docx(17页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
阅读专题复习词义猜测
第二讲GuessingUnknownWords/Vocabulary(猜词)
一、猜测词义题目类型
1.对考纲外生词的猜测
Theword“culprit”(Paragraph2)isclosestinmeaningto______.(2012浙江卷)
2.对考纲内熟词新义的猜测
Theunderlinedword“rainbow”inthelastparagraphrefersto______.(2010浙江卷)
3.对代词的猜测
Theunderlinedword“they”(Paragraph1)refersto_____.(2005浙江卷)
4.对句义的猜测
…Sheworkswithprisonerstoo,helpingthemknowwhotheyarebytellingstoriesthatherlistenerscanwrite,direct,andactintheirownlives.Iftheydon’tlikethestorytheyareliving,theycanrewritethestory….
Theunderlinedsentence(Paragraph4)suggeststhatprisonerscan______.(2007浙江卷)
二、词义猜测题常用的提问方式
1.Theword“...”refersto/probablymeans……
2.Theunderlinedword“…”couldbestbereplacedby……
3.Whatdoyouthinktheexpression“…”standsfor……?
4.Bysaying“…”,wemean……
5.“…”,asusedinthepassagecanbestbedefinedas……
6.Whichofthefollowingwordscantaketheplaceoftheword“…”?
7.Theunderlinedphrase“…”isclosetinmeaningto…..?
8.Theunderlinedword“..”roughlymeans…?
9.Theunderlinedsentenceinthefirst(second...)paragraphprobablymeansthat______.
三、猜测词义技巧
(一)构词法
1)派生法(Derivation)
派生法就是借助前缀或后缀派生出新词的构词方法。
后缀往往起改变词性的作用,派生出的新词主要有名词、形容词和动词三种;前缀主要起改变词义的作用,包括各种否定前缀、时间前缀等。
常见的前缀(Prefix):
表否定un-,non-,in-,dis-表相反un-,de-,dis-
表错误mis-表程度super-,over-,under-,mini-,
表时间pre,fore-,post-表方位sub-,inter-,trans-
表重复re-
常见的后缀(Sufix)
-able能…的,-less无,不,-wards向,-ship身份;资格;权力;性质,-some易于…的,
-hood状态;性质;时期,-ish如…的;有点儿…的,-proof防…的;不能穿透的,-scape景,-most最…的
例如:
superman,childish,nonnatural,mispronounce,homeless,antiageing,water-proof
1.Napoleon,asacharacterinTolstoy’sWarandPeace,ismorethanoncedescribedashaving“fatlittlehands”.Nordoeshe“sitwellorfirmlyonthehorse’.Heissaidtobe“undersized”with“shortlegs”anda“roundstomach”.
2.TalesofthesupernaturalarecommoninallpartsofBritain.
3.Theycaughttheemotionallandscapefromheartbreaktojoy,butsharetheundeniablelongingforrecoveryandhope.
2)合成法(Compounding)
合成法是指由两个或两个以上单词组合成一个新词。
通常情况下,合成词的词义为组成词的词义之和。
1.Heneverworeready-madeclothes.
2.Hewassomethingoutofanancientlegend,…hisverystrange,dustyfelthat,hisfunnyaccentfromwho-knows-where
3)转化(Conversion)
转化法是指单词的词形不改变,只通过词性的改变来使单词具有新的意义和作用。
而这种单词叫转化词。
Greatculturalchangesledtomoreopencommunicationandamoredemocraticprocessthatencourageseveryonetohaveasay.
Sherestedherselfagainstapostclosetothetracks.
(二)语境法
1)利用释义词(句)、举例或同位语,定语从句等
表示释义或举例词语的信息词有:
forexample,forinstance,suchas,inotherwords,thatistosay,namely,or,alsoknownas,toputitdifferently,referto等,符号则有e.g.(举例)、i.e.(也就是)。
1.Infact,onlyabout80ocelots,anendangeredwildcat,existintheU.S.today.
2.Itwillbeveryhardbutverybrittle—thatis,itwillbreakeasily.
A.fragileB.softC.weakD.strong
3.Theherdsman,wholooksaftersheep,earnsabout650yuanayear.
4.Todayyoungcouplesoftenspendlotsoftheirmoneyonappliances,forinstance,washingmachines,refrigeratorsandcolortelevisions.
2)利用对比、类比或转折词
表示对比、类比或转折的常见信息词有:
but,yet,however,while,unlike,incontrast,ontheotherhand,onthecontrary,despite,inspiteof,instead,ratherthan,though等,有时也用破折号或冒号等符号。
1.Mostofusagreed,however,Billdissented.
2.Sheisusuallypromptforallherclasses,buttodayshearrivedinthemiddleofherfirstclass.
A.punctualB.lateC.slowlyD.quickly
3.Testsonratsshowthatthosewhoraisetwoorthreelittersofpupsdoconsiderablybetterintestsofmemoryandskillsthanratswhohavenobabies.
A.babyratsB.animalsC.oldratsD.grown-uprats
4.Twelve-year-oldSallywasanactivegirl,buthersisterwasquitesedate.
A.prettyB.calmC.protectiveD.energetic
5.Writtenlanguagetendstobestatic,whilespokenlanguageconstantlychange.
6.Achild’sbirthdaypartydoesn’thavetobeahassle;itcanbeabasketoffun.
A.apartydesignedbyspecialistsB.aplanrequiringcarefulthought
C.asituationcausingdifficultyortroubleD.ademandmadebyguests
3)利用因果关系
表示因果关系的信息词有:
because,as,since,for,thus,so,so\such…that,hence,therefore,asaresult等。
1.Allhisattemptstounlockthedoorwasfutile,becauseshewasusingthewrongkey.
2.Whensomekindofpainkillerwasbroughtoutrecently,researchersfoundthatthecoloursturnedthecustomersoffbecausetheymadetheproductlookweakandineffective.(08广东卷)
Theunderlinedpart“thecoloursturnedthecustomersoff”meansthatthecolours_____.
A.attractedthecustomersstronglyB.hadweakeffectsonthecustomers
C.trickedthecustomersintoshoppingD.causedthecustomerstoloseinterest
4)利用上下文
猜测词义题在考查熟词新义以及代词指代内容时往往需要综合考虑上下文,有时也需要结合常识和背景知识。
(1)熟词新义
1.Whenmenandwomenlivedbyhunting50,000yearsago,howcouldtheyevenbegintopicturemodernlife?
2.Themayormadeanaddresstothecitizensatthemeetingyesterday.
3.Throughoutthehistoryofthearts,thenatureofcreativityhasremainedconstanttoartists.Nomatterwhatobjectstheyselect,artistsaretobringforthnewforcesandformsthatcausechange-tofindpoetrywherenoonehaseverseenorexperienceditbefore.
Theunderlinedword“poetry’’mostprobablymeans…
A.anobjectforartisticcreationB.acollectionofpoems
C.anunusualqualityD.anaturalscene
(2)找信息词
1.RainforestsliketheAmazonareimportantformoppingupCO2fromtheatmosphereandhelpingtoslowglobalwarming.CurrentlythetreesintheAmazontakeinaround500milliontonsofCO2eachyear,equaltothetotalamountofCO2givingoffintheUKeachyear.
Thephrase“moppingup”intheparagraphmeans______.
A.cleaningupB.takinginC.wipingoutD.givingout
2.WhenIfirstbecameareporterIknewamanwhogaveupaverywellpaidrespectablejobattheDailyTelegraphtogoandeditasmallweeklynewspaper.AtthetimeIwasastonishedbywhatappearedtometobehiscompletelyabnormal(反常的)mentalstate.HowcouldanyoneturnhisbackonFleetStreetincentralLondonforasmalllocalarea?
Theunderlinedphrase“turnhisbackon”mostprobablymean_____.
A.leaveforB.returntoC.giveupD.relyon
3.Parentsandkidstodaydressalike,listentothesamemusic,andarefriends.Isthisagoodthing?
Sometimes,whenMr.Ballmerandhis16-year-olddaughter,Elizabeth,listentorockmusictogetherandtalkaboutinterestsbothenjoy,suchaspopculture,heremembershismoredistantrelationshipwithhisparentswhenhewasateenager.
“Iwouldneverhavesaidtomymom,‘Hey,thenewWeezeralbumisreallygreat.Howdoyoulikeit?
’”saysBallmer.“Therewasjustacompletegapintaste.”
Musicwasnottheonlygulf.Fromclothingandhairstylestoactivitiesandexpectations,earliergenerationsofparentsandchildrenoftenappearedtomoveinseparateorbits.
Theunderlinedword“gulf”inPara.3mostprobablymeans______.
A.interestB.distanceC.differenceD.separation
(3)生活常识
1.ChildrensimulatetoviewsolareclipsewithgogglesasapreparationforthecomingoneonJuly22,innorthChina'sTianjin,July19,2009.AtotalsolareclipsewillbeseenonJuly22intheareaalongtheYangtzeRiverincentralChina,whileapartialsolareclipsecouldbeseeninBeijing,capitalofChina,andTianjin.
2.Ifyourchildisunwillingtodiscusssomething,don’tinsisthetellyouwhat’sonhismind.Themoreyouinsist,themorelikelythathe’llclamup.
Whatdoesthephrase“clamup”inParagraph2probablymean?
A.becomeexcitedB.showrespectC.refusetotalkD.seekhelp
(4)指代关系
this,that,it,them,one等代词指代内容一般是在此词的前面,理解上下文特别是上句的意思和本句的意思是解题的关键.
Asawoman,Ifeelunsafehere.IspendabombontaxisbecauseIwillnottakepublictransportafter10p.m.Iusedtouseit,butnowI’mafraid.(04广东卷)
Theunderlinedpart“it”refersto______.
A.ataxiB.themoneyC.abombD.publictransport
Practice:
(1)释义词
(2009年福建卷)Forananswer,IcheckedwithTimFlannery,authorofTheWeatherMakers:
HowManIsChangingtheClimateandWhatItMeansforLifeonEarth.Inhisbook,hehadchallengedreaderstomakedeepcutsinpersonalemissionstokeeptheworldfromreachingextremelyimportanttippingpoints,suchasthemelting(融化)oftheicesheetsinGreenlandorWestAntarctica.“Tostaybelowthatpoint,weneedtoreduceCO2emissionsby80percent,”hesaid.
73.Theunderlinedwords“tippingpoints”mostprobablyreferto________.
A.freezingpointsB.burningpointsC.meltingpointsD.boilingpoints
(2)反义词和信息词
(05广东卷)“UnlikevitaminC,leadershipskillscan’tbeeasilyswalloweddown.Theymustbecarefullycultivated.”Differentfrompopularbelief,mostgoodleadersaremade,notborn.Theylearntheirskillsintheireverydaylives.Butwhichdotheydevelop?
Howdothey(andhowcanyou)getotherstofollow?
Theunderlinedwordroughlymeans____.
A.encouragedB.comparedC.examinedD.developed
(3)因果关系
(2005年广东卷)EachoftheguestsmadeaparticularfussoverKelly,theyoungestone,admiringherdress,herhairandhersmile.Theysaidshewasaremarkablegirltobecarryingcoatsupstairsatherage.Ithoughttomyselfthatweadultsusuallymakeabig“todo”overtheyoungeronebecauseshe’stheonewhoseemsmoreeasilyhurt.
Theunderlinedexpression“makeabig“todo”over”means____.
A.showmuchconcernaboutB.haveaspecialeffecton
C.listjobstobedoneforD.dogoodthingsfor
(4)因果关系
(2008年四川卷)Pleasestayonpermittedpaths.Otherwiseyoumaydestroydesertplants.Packoutwhatyoupackin,soyouleavenosignsofyourvisit.Itisimportanttokeepinmindthatyouar
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 阅读 专题 复习 词义 猜测