电子商务英文名词解释.docx

电子商务英文名词解释.docx

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电子商务英文名词解释

电子商务英文名词解释

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1.e-commerce：

Theprocessofbuying,selling,orexchangingproducts,services,orinformationviacomputer；

2.e-business：

AbroaderdefinitionofECthatincludesnotjustthebuyingandsellingofgoodsandservices,butalsoservicingcustomers,collaboratingwithbusinesspartners,andconductingelectronictransactionswithinanorganization；

3.brick-and-mortar（oldeconomy）organizations：

Old-economyorganizations（corporations）thatperformtheirprimarybusinessoff-line,sellingphysicalproductsbymeansofphysicalagents；

4.virtual（pure-play）organizations：

Organizationsthatconducttheirbusinessactivitiessolelyonline；

5.click-and-mortar（click-and-brick）organizations：

Organizationsthatconductsomee-commerceactivities,usuallyasanadditionalmarketingchannel；

6.electronicmarket（e-marketplace）：

Anonlinemarketplacewherebuyersandsellersmeettoexchangegoods,services,money,orinformation；

7.Interorganizationalinformationsystems（IOSs）：

Communicationssystemsthatallowroutinetransactionprocessingandinformationflowbetweentwoormoreorganizations；

8.Intraorganizationalinformationsystems：

Communicationsystemsthatenablee-commerceactivitiestogoonwithinindividualorganizations；

9.intranet：

AninternalcorporateorgovernmentnetworkthatusesInternettools,suchasWebbrowsers,andInternetprotocols；

10.extranet：

AnetworkthatusestheInternettolinkmultipleintranets；

11.business-to-business（B2B）：

E-commercemodelinwhichalloftheparticipantsarebusinessesorotherorganizations；

12.business-to-consumer（B2C）：

E-commercemodelinwhichbusinessesselltoindividualshoppers；

13.business-to-business-to-consumer（B2B2C）：

E-commercemodelinwhichabusinessprovidessomeproductorservicetoaclientbusinessthatmaintainsitsowncustomers；

14.consumer-to-business（C2B）：

E-commercemodelinwhichindividualsusetheInternettosellproductsorservicestoorganizationsorindividualswhoseeksellerstobidonproductsorservicestheyneed；

15.e-tailing：

Onlineretailing,usuallyB2C；

16.intrabusinessEC：

E-commercecategorythatincludesallinternalorganizationalactivitiesthatinvolvetheexchangeofgoods,services,orinformationamongvariousunitsandindividualsinanorganization；

17.business-to-employees（B2E）：

E-commercemodelinwhichanorganizationdeliversservices,information,orproductstoitsindividualemployees；

18.consumer-to-consumer（C2C）：

E-commercemodelinwhichconsumersselldirectlytootherconsumers；

19.collaborativecommerce（c-commerce）：

E-commercemodelinwhichindividualsorgroupscommunicateorcollaborateonline；

20.e-learning：

Theonlinedeliveryofinformationforpurposesoftrainingoreducation；

21.e-government：

E-commercemodelinwhichagovernmententitybuysorprovidesgoods,services,orinformationfromortobusinessesorindividualcitizens；

22.socialcomputing：

Anapproachaimedatmakingthehuman-computerinterfacemorenatural；

23.Web2.0：

Thesecond-generationofInternet-basedservicesthatletpeoplecollaborateandshareinformationonlineinnewways,suchassocialnetworkingsites,wikis,communicationtools,andfolksonomies；

24.socialnetwork：

AcategoryofInternetapplicationsthathelpconnectfriends,businesspartners,orindividualswithspecificinterestsbyprovidingfreeservicessuchasphotopresentations,e-mail,blogging,andsoonusingavarietyoftools；

25.socialnetworkservice（SNS）：

Aservicethatbuildsonlinecommunitiesbyprovidinganonlinespaceforpeopletobuildfreehomepagesandthatprovidesbasiccommunicationandsupporttoolsforconductingdifferentactivitiesinthesocialnetwork；

26.socialnetworking：

Thecreationorsponsoringofasocialnetworkserviceandanyactivity,suchasblogging,doneinasocialnetwork；

27.enterprise-orientednetworks：

Socialnetworkswhoseprimaryobjectiveistofacilitatebusiness；

28.virtualworld：

Auser-definedworldinwhichpeoplecaninteract,play,anddobusiness.ThemostpublicizedvirtualworldisSecondLife；

29.digitaleconomy：

Aneconomythatisbasedondigitaltechnologies,includingdigitalcommunicationnetworks,computers,software,andotherrelatedinformationtechnologies;alsocalledtheInterneteconomy,theneweconomy,ortheWebeconomy；

30.digitalenterprise：

AnewbusinessmodelthatusesITinafundamentalwaytoaccomplishoneormoreofthreebasicobjectives:

reachandengagecustomersmoreeffectively,boostemployeeproductivity,andimproveoperatingefficiency.Itusesconvergedcommunicationandcomputingtechnologyinawaythatimprovesbusinessprocesses；

31.corporateportal：

Amajorgatewaythroughwhichemployees,businesspartners,andthepubliccanenteracorporateWebsite；

32.businessmodel：

Amethodofdoingbusinessbywhichacompanycangeneraterevenuetosustainitself；

33.revenuemodel:

sales,transactionfees,subscriptionfees,advertisingfees,affiliatefees,otherrevenuesources.

1.e-marketplace：

Anonlinemarket,usuallyB2B,inwhichbuyersandsellersexchangegoodsorservices;thethreetypesofe-marketplacesareprivate,public,andconsortia；

2.marketspace：

Amarketplaceinwhichsellersandbuyersexchangegoodsandservicesformoney（orforothergoodsandservices）,butdosoelectronically；

3.digitalproducts：

GoodsthatcanbetransformedtodigitalformatanddeliveredovertheInternet；

4.frontend：

Theportionofane-seller’sbusinessprocessesthroughwhichcustomersinteract,includingtheseller’sportal,electroniccatalogs,ashoppingcart,asearchengine,andapaymentgateway；

5.backend：

Theactivitiesthatsupportonlineorderfulfillment,inventorymanagement,purchasingfromsuppliers,paymentprocessing,packaging,anddelivery；

6.intermediary：

Athirdpartythatoperatesbetweensellersandbuyers；

7.sell-sidee-marketplace：

Aprivatee-marketplaceinwhichonecompanysellseitherstandardand/orcustomizedproductstoqualifiedcompanies；

8.buy-sidee-marketplace：

Aprivatee-marketplaceinwhichonecompanymakespurchasesfrominvitedsuppliers；

9.storefront：

Asinglecompany’sWebsitewhereproductsorservicesaresold；

10.e-mall（onlinemall）：

Anonlineshoppingcenterwheremanyonlinestoresarelocated；

11.Webportal：

Asinglepointofaccess,throughaWebbrowser,tocriticalbusinessinformationlocatedinsideandoutside（viaInternet）ofanorganization；

Typesofportals:

commercialportal,corporateportals,publishingportals,personalportals

12.mobileportal：

Aportalaccessibleviaamobiledevice；

13.voiceportal：

Aportalaccessedbytelephoneorcellphone；

14.infomediaries：

Electronicintermediariesthatprovideand/orcontrolinformationflowincyberspace,oftenaggregatinginformationandsellingittoothers；

15.e-distributor：

Ane-commerceintermediarythatconnectsmanufacturerswithbusinessbuyers（customers）byaggregatingthecatalogsofmanymanufacturersinoneplace—theintermediary’sWebsite；

16.electroniccatalogs（e-catalogs）：

Thepresentationofproductinformationinanelectronicform;thebackboneofmoste-sellingsites；

17.enterprisesearch：

Thepracticeofidentifyingandenablingspecificcontentacrosstheenterprisetobeindexed,searched,anddisplayedtoauthorizedusers；

18.desktopsearch：

Searchtoolsthatsearchthecontentsofauser’sororganization’scomputerfiles,ratherthansearchingtheInternet；

19.searchengine：

AcomputerprogramthatcanaccessdatabasesofInternetresources,searchforspecificinformationorkeywords,andreporttheresults；

20.electronicshoppingcart：

Anorder-processingtechnologythatallowscustomerstoaccumulateitemstheywishtobuywhiletheycontinuetoshop；

21.auction：

Acompetitiveprocessinwhichasellersolicitsconsecutivebidsfrombuyers（forwardauctions）orabuyersolicitsbidsfromsellers（backwardauctions）.Pricesaredetermineddynamicallybythebids；

22.electronicauctions（e-auctions）：

Auctionsconductedonline；

23.forwardauction：

Anauctioninwhichasellerentertainsbidsfrombuyers.Biddersincreasepricesequentially；

24.reverseauction（biddingortenderingsystem）：

Auctioninwhichthebuyerplacesanitemforbid（tender）onarequestforquote（RFQ）system,potentialsuppliersbidonthejob,withthepricereducingsequentially,andthelowestbidwins;primarilyaB2BorG2Bmechanism；

25.“name-your-own-price”model：

Auctionmodelinwhichawould-bebuyerspecifiestheprice（andotherterms）heorsheiswillingtopaytoanywillingandableseller.ItisaC2BmodelthatwaspioneeredbyP；

26.doubleauction：

Anauctioninwhichmultiplebuyersandtheirbiddingpricesarematchedwithmultiplesellersandtheiraskingprices,consideringthequantitiesonbothsides；

27.bartering：

Theexchangeofgoodsandservices；

28.e-bartering（electronicbartering）：

Barteringconductedonline,usuallyinabarteringexchange；

29.barteringexchange：

Amarketplaceinwhichanintermediaryarrangesbartertransactions；

30.blog:

ApersonalWebsitethatisopentothepublictoreadandtointeractwith;dedicatedtospecifictopicsorissues；

31.vlog（orvideoblog）：

Ablogwithvideocontent；

32.micro-blogging：

Aformofbloggingthatallowsuserstowritemessages（usuallyupto140characters）andpublishthem,eithertobeviewedbyanyoneorbyarestrictedgroupthatcanbechosenbytheuser；

33.Twitter：

Afreemicro-bloggingservicethatallowsitsuserstosendandreadotherusers’updates；

34.tweets：

Text-basedpostsupto140charactersinlengthpostedtoTwitter；

35.tag：

Anonhierarchicalkeywordortermassignedtoapieceofinformation；

36.folksonomy：

Thepracticeandmethodofcollaborativelycreating,classifying,andmanagingtagstoannotateand