第9讲 虚拟语气高考英语语法分类讲解+专项练习.docx
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第9讲 虚拟语气高考英语语法分类讲解+专项练习.docx
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第9讲虚拟语气高考英语语法分类讲解+专项练习
Lesson9
虚拟语气
问题层级图
不会做虚拟语气题目
目标层级图
能够完成虚拟语气题目LV3操作
课前诊断
一.单项选择
1.Theymighthavefoundabetterhotelifthey________ afewmorekilometers.
A.droveB.woulddriveC.weretodriveD.haddriven
2.Ifthenewsafetysystem________ touse,theaccidentwouldneverhavehappened.
A.hadbeenputB.wereputC.shouldbeputD.wouldbeput
3.Ifwe________theflightyesterday,wewouldbeenjoyingourholidayonthebeachnow.
A.hadcaughtB.caught
C.havecaughtD.wouldcatch
4.IwishI________atmysister'sweddinglastTuesday,butIwasonabusinesstripinNewYorkthen.
A.willbeB.wouldbeC.havebeenD.hadbeen
5.---DoyouhaveBetty'sphonenumber?
---Yes.Otherwise,I________ abletoreachheryesterday.
A.hadn'tbeenB.wouldn'thavebeen
C.weren'tD.wouldn'tbe
二.用所给词的适当形式填空
1.---Iwenttotheconcertlastnight.Itwasfantastic!
---Youaresolucky!
HowIwishI________(get)thetickettoo.
2.Canyouimaginewhatthemodernworld________ (be) likewithoutsmart-phones?
3.Ifhe________(be)morecareful,hewouldhavegotmuchbetterresultsinthefinals.
4.IfMike________(have) thehalf-cookedfoodthen,hewouldnotbeinhospitalnow.
5.Waitersarerequestedtotreateverycustomerasifthey________(be) guestsintheirownhouse.
课中讲解
一.理解真实条件句和非真实条件句LV2理解
1.虚拟语气的定义
IwishIwerearichman.
IfIwereyou,Iwouldnotaccepthisinvitation.
通过观察上面两个例句,可以发现说话人表达的是自己的_________或_________,所说的话是一种条件,不是_________,或者与事实相反。
2.虚拟语气中真实条件句和非真实条件句的区分
(1)Ifitrainstomorrow,Iwillstayathome.
(2)IfIhadworkedhardbefore,Iwouldhavesucceededbefore.
通过观察以上两个例句,可以发现
(1)句中的条件能够或_________实现的句子叫_________;
(2)句中的条件不能或_________实现的叫_________,也叫虚拟条件句。
【小试牛刀】
判断下列句子是否是非真实条件句。
(1)Ifitrainstomorrow,Iwillstayathome.
(2)Let’sgoshoppingifyouarenotbusy.
(3)IfIwereyou,Iwouldplantsometreesroundthehouse.
(4)Ifeveryoneprotectstheenvironment,theworldwillbecomemorebeautiful.
(5)IfIhadworkedhardbefore,Iwouldhavesucceededbefore.
(6)Youmustbecarefulifyougoswimmingintheriver.
(7)Ifyouweretohaveafewfreeminutes,Iwouldappreciatetheopportunitytoaskyouonemorequestion.
(8)Ifyouhadlistenedtohisspeechattentively,youshouldhaveknownthathisachievementwasnotallfromgoodluck.
二.判断虚拟语气题目LV2理解
判断以下题目哪些是虚拟语气题目
1.Thefire ________ bythepeopleintheneighborhoodbeforethefiremancame.
A.hasbeenputoutB.willbeputout
C.hadbeenputoutD.wouldbeputout
2.Theymighthavefoundabetterhotelifthey________afewmorekilometers.
A.droveB.woulddrive
C.weretodriveD.haddriven
观察上面两道例题,可以看出两道题都是考查谓语动词的形式,但是,不同的是,第1题实际上考的时态题,而第2句题干中出现了由if引导的条件状语从句,根据之前学过的真实条件句和非真实条件句的区分,可以判断出if引导的从句是一种假想,所以是非真实条件句,虚拟语气,所以第2题考的是虚拟语气。
因此,判断虚拟语气题目的方法是:
在题目中找虚拟语气常见的标志词:
if,wish,or,orelse,without,otherwise,butfor等等。
【精讲精练】
1.Ifthenewsafetysystem________touse,theaccidentwouldneverhavehappened.
2.ThebookcoverstheknowledgeIwishI________fiveyearsago.
3.---WhendoyouwanttovisitMr.Smithwithme?
---Wheneveryou________(have)time.
4.---DoyouhaveBetty'sphonenumber?
---Yes.Otherwise,I________abletoreachheryesterday.
5.Itisluckywebookedaroom,orwe________(have)nowheretostaynow.
6.Bynow516ConfuciusInstitutes________(found)in142countriesandregions,accordingtotheConfuciusInstituteHeadquarters.
三.状语从句类虚拟语气题目LV3操作
1.If条件句
虚拟时间
从句谓语动词形式
主句谓语动词形式
现在
did/were
should/would/could/might+do
过去
haddone
should/would/could/might+havedone
将来
did/wereto+do/should+do
should/would/could/might+do
2.错综时间条件句
当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时,被称为“错综时间条件句”,动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间做出相应的调整。
如:
Ifyouhadjustfollowedmyadvice,youwouldbebetternow.
如果你刚才听了我的建议,你现在就好多了。
IfhehadspentmoretimepracticingspeakingEnglishbefore,hewouldbeabletospeakitmuchbetternow.
如果他以前花费更多的时间练习说英语,他现在就能说得好得多。
3.if省略句
当条件状语从句中谓语含有were,had,should,可省略if,同时把were,had,should提到从句句首,变为倒装句式。
IfIwereatschoolagain,Iwouldstudyharder.
____________________,Iwouldstudyharder.
Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youwouldhavecaughtthebus.
____________________,youwouldhavecaughtthebus.
Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldnotgoclimbing.
____________________,wewouldnotgoclimbing.
注意:
若省略的条件状语从句中的谓语动词是否定形式时,不能用动词的缩略形式。
正确说法:
Wereitnotfortheexpense,Iwouldgoabroadnow.
错误说法:
Weren’tnotfortheexpense,Iwouldgoabroadnow.
4.含蓄条件句
有时为了表达的需要,在虚拟语气中并不总是出现if引导的条件状语从句,而是通过其他手段来代替条件从句。
连接词or,orelse,withoutotherwise,but,butfor,butthat等等
I'mreallybusy,otherwise(=ifIweren'tsobusy),Iwouldcertainlygowithyou.ButthatIsawit(=IfIhadnotseenit),Icouldnothavebelievedit.
Whatwouldyoudowithamilliondollars(ifyouhadamilliondollars)?
Withoutyourhelp,wecouldnotfinishedtheworkaheadoftime.
=Butforyourhelp,…=Ifithadnotbeenforyourhelp,…=Haditnotbeenforyourhelp,…
【精讲精练】
1.Ifyou________therightmap,wewouldn’thavegotlost.
A.haveboughtB.boughtC.hadboughtD.wouldbuy
2.---Shallwetakethe10:
20train?
---No.Ifwetookthattrain,we________toolate.
A.arriveB.arrivedC.willarriveD.wouldarrive
3.Ifyouhadworkedhard,you________soanxiousnow.
A.arenotB.wouldnothavebeen
C.willnotbeD.wouldnotbe
4.We________thetopofthemountainbutforthisawfulweather.Itrainedallday.
A.willreachB.wouldreach
C.havereachedD.wouldhavereached
5.ThebookcoverstheknowledgeIwishI________fiveyearsago.
A.knewB.hadknown
C.wouldknowD.wouldhaveknown
6.Hemessedtheprojectup,buthebehavedasifnothing________.
A.hadhappenedB.happened
C.wouldhappenD.wouldhavehappened
【小试牛刀】
1.Thankyou,Jack.WithoutyourconstantsupportI________thosehardtimes.
A.couldn’thavepulledthroughB.couldn’tpullthrough
C.can’thavepulledthroughD.can’tpullthrough
2.Ifyouhadseenadoctor,you________muchbetternow.
A.areB.willbe
C.wouldbeD.wouldhavebeen
3.IwishI________youradvicethen.Inthatcasethingsmightnot________besobad.
A.havetakenB.took
C.hadtakenD.wouldhavetaken
4.Thanksforyourusefuladvice;otherwiseI________suchrapidprogress.
A.didn’tmakeB.couldn’thavemade
C.hadn’tmadeD.shouldn’thavemade
5.IwishI________theGreatWallwithyoutomorrow,butI’mpreparingforthecomingexam.
A.willclimbB.hadclimbed
C.climbD.wouldclimb
6.Iftherewerenocellphones,life________quitedifferentbecausewedependtoomuchonthem.
A.willbeB.wouldbe
C.isD.were
四.完成名词性从句类虚拟语气题目LV3操作
1.用于宾语从句中
(1)wish后的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气,表示一种不可能实现的愿望。
虚拟语气通过时态退一步来实现。
IwishIwereabirdandcouldflyfreelyinthesky.
IwishIhadmetthatfilmstaryesterday.
HowIwishitweren’trainingnow!
(拓展:
HowIwish+从句=Ifonly+句子)
(2)在wouldrather后的宾语从句中也用虚拟语气,用动词过去式虚拟当时或将来的情况,用过去完成式虚拟过去的情
况。
Iwouldrathertheyhadn’theardofthenewsyesterday.
(3)用于表示建议、愿望、命令等词后的宾语从句中。
常见动词有demand,order,insist,suggest,propose,advise等。
虚拟语气通过“should+动词原形”来实现,其中should可省略。
Hesuggestedwe(should)startoffearlythenextday.
Theyinsistedthattheboy(should)gowiththem.
注意:
当suggest表示“暗示、表明”之意时,后面的宾语从句不使用虚拟语气,应使用陈述语气。
Thesmileonhisfacesuggestedthathewassatisfiedwithourwork.
2.用于主语从句中
Itisdesired/suggested/proposed/recommended/necessary/important/strange/natural/apity/essential+that从句,从句的谓语动词用“should+动词原形”,should可以省略。
It’ssuggestedthatthemeeting(should)beputofftillnextweek.
3.用于表语从句和同位语从句中
在suggestion,proposal,order,plan,idea,request,advice等名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中要用虚拟语气,其构成是“should+动词原形”,should可以省略。
Myideaisthatwe(should)thinkitoverbeforeacceptingit.
Weallagreedtohissuggestionthatwe(should)gotoDalianforsightseeing.
【小试牛刀】
1.Thereisagoodsociallifeinthevillage,andIwishI________asecondchancetobecomemoreinvolved.
A.hadB.willhaveC.wouldhavehadD.havehad
2.IwishI________ atmysister'sweddinglastTuesday,butIwasonabusinesstripinNewYorkthen.
A.willbeB.wouldbeC.havebeenD.hadbeen
3.Ellenisafantasticdancer.IwishI_________ aswellasher.
A.danceB.willdanceC.haddancedD.danced
4.Wewouldratherourdaughter_________ athomewithus,butitisherchoice,andsheisnotachildanylonger.
A.wouldstayB.hasstayedC.stayedD.stay
五.其他虚拟语气和综合考查LV2理解
1.虚拟语气在定语从句中的运用
Itis(high)timethat…句型中,定语从句的谓语动词用一般过去时,或用“should+动词原形”(此时should不能省略)。
此句型意为“(现在)该…”,用来表示建议。
Itis(high)timethatyouwenttoschool.
=Itis(high)timethatyoushouldgotoschool.
Itis(high)timethatthechildrenhadlunch.
=Itis(high)timethatthechildrenshouldhavelunch.
2.asif从句中的虚拟语气
形式
用法说明
asif+一般过去时(did)
从句谓语动词与主句谓语动词表达的动作同时发生
asif+过去完成时(haddone)
从句动作在主句动作之前发生
asif+过去将来时(woulddo)
从句动作在主句动作之后发生
【小试牛刀】
1.Waitersarerequestedtotreateverycustomerasifthey________guestsintheirownhouse.
A.areB.wereC.wouldbeD.hadbeen
2.Jackisagreattalker.It'shightimethathe________somethinginsteadofjusttalking.
A.willdoBhasdoneC.doD.did
3.IwishI________youradvicethen.Inthatcasethingsmightnotbesobad.
A.havetakenB.took
C.hadtakenD.wouldhavetaken
4.---HowwasthepartylastSaturday?
---Itwasfun;you________.
A.cameB.hadcome
C.wouldcomeD.shouldhavecome
课后练习
补救练习
一.定义默写
1.虚拟语气中,说话人表达的是自己的_________或_________,所说的话是一种条件,不是________
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