上海七年级英语寒假讲义第1讲 冠词 原卷版.docx
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上海七年级英语寒假讲义第1讲 冠词 原卷版.docx
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上海七年级英语寒假讲义第1讲冠词原卷版
第1讲冠词
考点归纳
冠词分为两类:
不定冠词a(an)和定冠词the。
1.不定冠词a(an)的用法
(1)泛指表示“一个”,a用在以辅音读音开头的单词前,an用在以元音读音开头的单词前。
注意:
有些单词虽然是以元音字母开头,但读音以辅音开头,要用冠词a,如university,uniform,useful,useless,
European,one等。
而有些单词虽然是以辅音字母开头,但读音以元音开头,要用冠词an,如hour,honest等。
26个字母中有12个字母(a,e,f,h,i,l,m,n,o,r,s,x)的读音以元音开头,要用冠词an。
(2)不定冠词常用在一些习惯用语中,如haveagoodtime,goforaswim,inahurry,takeanactivepartin等。
2.定冠词the的用法
(1)特指,如Theboyinblueismybrother.
(2)前指,如Thisisaphotoofaschool.Theschoolisverybeautiful.Ihavestudiedintheschoolfor3years.
(3)谈话双方共指,如Excuseme.WhereistheNo.1busstop?
(4)用在宇宙中独一无二的事物前,如Thesunisshiningbrightly.
(5)用在形容词最高级前,如Shanghaiisoneofthelargestcitiesintheworld.
(6)用在方位前.如Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.
(7)用在序数词前,如Ourclassroomisonthesecondfloor.
(8)用在乐器前,如Icanplaythepiano.
(9)用在江河、海洋、山脉前,如TheYellowRiveristhesecondlongestriverinourcountry.
(10)加在某些形容词前表示一类人,如thepoor,theold,theblind.
(11)定冠词加姓再加“s”表示一家人,如theWhites,theGreens.
(12)专用名词前,如theGreatWall,theUnitedStates.
(13)定冠词常用在一些习惯用语中,如allthetime,atthemoment,bytheway.
3.零冠词
(1)介词by+交通工具,如bytrain/bus/underground,但用动词take时要说成takea(an)train/bus/underground.
(2)一日三餐前,如havebreakfast/lunch/dinner。
(3)球类运动前,如playfootball/basketball.
(4)学科名称前,如WestudyChinese,maths,Englishandsoon.
(5)日期、节日前,如June1stisChildren'sDay.
(6)月份、星期前,如inMarch/October,onMonday/Friday.
(7)在this,those,my,whose,next,last,some,any,every,each等词前。
(8)称呼、头衔、职务前。
(9)一些固定词组,如atnight,atfirst,atlast,introuble.
数词详解
考点归纳
1.基数词变序数词的方法
基变序,有规律;词尾要加th;一二三,特殊记;词尾分别tdd;八去t,九去e;ve则以f替;ty则变作ti;后面还有一个e;要是遇到几十几;只将个位变成序。
如,one—firsttwo—secondthree—thirdeight—eighthnine—ninth
twelve—twelfthtwenty—twentiethtwenty-one—twenty-first
2.分数的表达
分数的分子用基数词,分母用序数词;当分子超过1,分母加s.分子和分母中间通常用“-”连接。
如,1/3和2/5分别为one-third,two-fifths。
注意:
1/2,1/4,3/4的特殊表达方式分别为ahalf,aquarter,threequarters。
含分数的短语作主语时,谓语由分数后的词决定。
3.hundred,thousand和million的用法
数词hundred,thousand和million的用法是在单数形式前加基数词表示具体的量,也可以在其复数形式后加of表示模糊概念,如,hundredsof,thousandsof,millionsof。
4.日期的表达
日期的表达方式为“日月年或月日年”。
如,2009年5月1日在英语中可写为“May1,2009”或“1May,2009”。
5.与数词有关的钟点表达法
顺读法(钟点十分钟)如,4:
30fourthirty
4:
15fourfifteen
倒读法(分钟+to/past+钟点)如,4:
30halfpastfour
4:
15fifteenpastfour/aquarterpastfour
6.序数词与不定冠词连用
序数词与不定冠词(a;an)连用表示“又一,再一”。
如,You'vedoneittwice.Whynottryathirdtime?
7.岁数及年代的表达方式
1)“人+be+数字+(yearsold)”表示“某人多少岁了”。
如,Thelittlegirliseight(yearsold).这个小女孩8岁了。
2)“one'sage+be+数字”表示“某人的年龄是多少”。
如,Thelittlegirl'sageiseight.
3)“几十岁”可用十位数基数词的复数形式,结构为“inone's…s”。
如(be)inone’steens十几岁;(be)inone'stwenties/thirties/forties/…二十多岁/三十多岁/四十多岁...,
4)“inthe1970s”这种结构用于表达世纪和年代,意为“20世纪70年代”,指1970到1979这段时间。
如果只想表达年代,可直接用“intheseventies”表示“在70年代”。
如,Inthel870s,whenMarxwasalreadyinhisfifties,hefounditimportanttostudythesituationinRussia,sohebegantolearnRussian.
在19世纪70年代,马克思五十多岁时,他认为研究俄国的形势很重要,便开始学习俄语。
三习题巩固
1.Alicewrote_______articleontheeducationalvisitto_______Francelastnight.
A.a;theB.an;theC.the;theD.an;/
2.Theseseatsarefor_______old.Youmaytaketheseatsoverthere.
A.theB.aC.anD./
3.TheOlympicOpeningCeremony(仪式)is_______internationaleventandthewholeworldiswatching!
A.aB.anC.theD./
4.Theyoungmanis_______teacher.Helikesplaying_______football.
A.a;theB.an;/C.a;/D.an;the
5._______youngmanbesidemeis_______universitystudent.
A.A;aB.An;/C.The;anD.The;a
6.—Doyouhave_______MP3player?
—Yes,Ihaveone.(2008青浦)
A.theB.aC.anD./
7.Attention,please!
Thereis_______"h"intheword"exhibition".
A.aB.anC.theD./
8.Infrontofourhousingestate,thereis_______one-waystreet.
A.anB.aC./D.the
9.Don'ttalktoSimonlikethat.Afterall,heisonly_______eleven-year-oldboy.
A.aB.anC.theD./
10.Thefilm"KungFuDunk"is_______excitingoneandJayChouis______leadingactor.
A.a;theB.an;theC.the;aD.an;a
数词
1.Itis.saidthattwo_______studentsaregoingtoharetheListeningContestthisweekend.(宝山/嘉定区35题)
A.thousandB.thousandsC.thousandofD.thousandsof
2.Dr.Sitwelltookuptheprojectonwaterpollutionwithseveralassistantsinher_______.(虹口区38题)
A.sixtyB.sixtiesC.sixtiethD.sixtieths
3.________ofthestudentsinthatclassusuallyhavelunchatschool.(松江区36题)
A.ThefourteenB.ThefourteenthC.FourteenthD.Fourteen
4.________peoplelinedatthegatetomeetJeremyLin,thepopularbasketballplayerinNBA.(静安区35题)
AthousandsBthousandCthousandsofDThousandof
5.Thewarinthatcountryleft__________peoplehomeless.(青浦区37题)
A.thousandB.thousandsC.thousandofD.thousandsof
6.Thereareabouttwo___________studentsinthenewlybuiltschool.(杨浦区35题)
AthousandBthousandsCthousandofDthousandsof
冠词
1.LittleTomgoesto_______schoolearlyeveryday.Hestudieshardatschool.(宝山/嘉定区31题)
A./B.theC.hisD.a
2.Wouldyoupleasehelpmepickup_______umbrellaonthefloor?
(奉贤区31题)
A.aB.anC.theD./
3.---Doyouknow_______ladyinblue?
(虹口区31题)
---Yes,sheisateacherofauniversity.
A.aB.anC.theD./
4.Thereis__________internationalschoolnearthenewhousingestate.(长宁区31题)
A.anB.aC.theD./
5.ElainealwaystellsusthatstudyinginAustraliawas_______importantexperienceinherlife.(徐汇区48题)
A.aB.anC.theD./
6.Therewillbe_______exhibitioninthatmuseumnextweek.(松江区31题)
A.theB./C.anD.a
7.Theyoungkidhaslearnttomake_________bedbyhimself.(普陀区31题)
A.aB.anC.theD.\
8.Thestoryhappenedin__________Europeancountry.(浦东新区31题)
A.aB.anC.theD./
9.Shoppingonlineis________usefulandconvenientwayforustobuythings.(静安区31题)
AaBanCtheD/
10.Southwold,aseasidetowninEngland,has________historyofmorethanthirteencenturies.(黄浦区31题)
A./B.aC.anD.the
11.Mybrotherstudiesin_______universityandheknowsalotabouttheearth.(金山区31题)
A.aB.anC.theD.\
12.Benstudiedthemenufor_______whileandthenorderedhismeal.(闵行区31题)
A.aB.anC.theD./
13.Tobe__________artistinthefuture,youneedmorepractice.(青浦区31题)
A.aB.anC.theD./
14.Myuncleis__________universityteacher.Heislovedbyallhisstudents.(杨浦区31题)
A.aBanCtheD/
专题巩固
Ⅰ.Fillintheblankswiththegivenwordsintheirproperforms.
1.Thebuildingsare(main)madeofstoneandsteel.
2.As(city)ofShanghai,weshouldobeythetrafficrules.
3.Heiswaitingformeatthe(enter)
4.Hamletisoneofthemost(fame)playsofShakespeare’s.
5.Ihavebeentomanycountries(include)theUSA.
6.Theycelebratedtheir(succeed)by(sing)and(dance).
7.Dannygotthefirstprize(succeed)atlast.
8.Tomwrote(invite)tohisfriendsforhisbirthdayparty.
9.Cantheyfinish(read)thestory?
10.I’vereadthebookfrom(begin)toend.
Ⅱ.Rewritethesentences.
1.He’sneverlateforschool,(反义疑问句)
2.Thecaptainwasnolongerlistening.(保持句意不变)
Thecaptainlistening..
3.Theywonthebattlebyatrick.(划线提问)
theythebattle?
4.Theboxistooheavyforthatboytomove.(保持句意不变)
Theboxisn’tforthatboytomove.
5.Ihavealreadyhadmylunch.(否定句)
Imylunch.
6.Thehorseissobigthattheycouldn’ttakeitwiththem.(保持句意不变)
Thehorseisbigtakeitwiththem..
7.Theyhadtosetoutimmediately.(一般疑问句)
theytosetoutimmediately?
8.Dannydoesn’tneedtofinishtheworknow.(保持句意不变)
Dannyfinishtheworknow.
9.Hetoldme.Thearmytookeverythingwiththem.(合并成一句)
Hetoldmethatthearmyeverythingwiththem.
10.Hisfatherdiedfiveyearsago.
Hisfatherhasforfiveyears.
阅读提高
1.
A)programsB)excitingC)leaveD)tasksE)differenceF)disastersG)knownasH)volunteer
I)attheendof
Chrisisnotatraditionalexplorer(探险者)-heusuallyworksinanofficeforalargeorganization.Yet hisjob cansometimesbejustas____1____anddangerousasbeinganexplorer.
ChrisworksforMSF,anorganizationalso____2__DoctorsWithoutBorders(无国界医生).MSFsendstraineddoctorsallovertheworldtohelppeoplewhohavesufferedfrom_3___,suchaswarsandillness.Chrisisadoctor from Francewhohastravelledtomanyplacestoorganize___4___thathelppeople.
Atthemoment,thereareover27,000trainedmedicalstafftakingpartinMSFprojectsandtasks.TheorganizationreceivedtheNobelPeacePrizein1999.Allkindsofdoctorscan___5_____forMSF.Theyneedtobepreparedtogoalmost anywhereintheworldand,ofcourse,theyshouldexpectdifficultconditions.Doctorswithexperiencein tropical(热带的)diseasesareespeciallyusefulbecausemostofMSF’sworkisinAfrica.WhenMSFacceptsadoctorforatask,hehastogoforatleastsixmonths.Whendoctorshavecompletedafew___6___,theymightbesentonanemergencytaskfollowingadisaster,suchasanearthquake.
Butwhywouldadoctor_____7____acomfortablelifeandagoodsalarytojoinMSF?
AccordingtoChris,theexperienceyougainisagreathelpinyourcareer.Besides,justliketheexplorersofthepast,youneedtokeepan open mindandlearntomix well withthepeopleyoumeet.Onethingthattheycansay___8____anytaskisthattheyhavemadearealdifferencetopeople’slives.
2.
Thebabyelephant,Sheila,wasmovedoutofBelfastZoobecauseoffearsshemightbehitbybombers(轰炸机)duringtheBelfastBlitz(闪电战)of19
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