了解中国的崛起演讲稿.docx
- 文档编号:27098242
- 上传时间:2023-06-27
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:7
- 大小:20.38KB
了解中国的崛起演讲稿.docx
《了解中国的崛起演讲稿.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《了解中国的崛起演讲稿.docx(7页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
了解中国的崛起演讲稿
了解中国的崛起演讲稿
《了解中国的崛起演讲稿》是一篇好的范文,感觉很有用处,为了方便大家的阅读。
Theworldischangingwithreallyremarkablespeed.Ifyoulookatthechartatthetophere,you’llseethatin2025,theseGoldmanSachsprojectionssuggestthattheChineseeconomywillbealmostthesamesizeastheAmericaneconomy.Andifyoulookatthechartfor2050,it’sprojectedthattheChineseeconomywillbetwicethesizeoftheAmericaneconomy,andtheIndianeconomywillbealmostthesamesizeastheAmericaneconomy.AndweshouldbearinmindherethattheseprojectionsweredrawnupbeforetheWesternfinancialcrisis.
Acoupleofweeksago,IwaslookingatthelatestprojectionbyBNPParibasforwhenChinawillhavealargereconomythantheUnitedStates.GoldmanSachsprojected2027.Thepost-crisisprojectionis2020.That’sjustadecadeaway.Chinaisgoingtochangetheworldintwofundamentalrespects.Firstofall,it’sahugedevelopingcountrywithapopulationof1.3billionpeople,whichhasbeengrowingforover30yearsataround10percentayear.
Andwithinadecade,itwillhavethelargesteconomyintheworld.Neverbeforeinthemodernerahasthelargesteconomyintheworldbeenthatofadevelopingcountry,ratherthanadevelopedcountry.Secondly,forthefirsttimeinthemodernera,thedominantcountryintheworld--whichIthinkiswhatChinawillbecome--willbenotfromtheWestandfromvery,verydifferentcivilizationalroots.
NowIknowit’sawidespreadassumptionintheWestthat,ascountriesmodernize,theyalsoWesternize.Thisisanillusion.It’sanassumptionthatmodernityisaproductsimplyofcompetition,marketsandtechnology.Itisnot;itisalsoshapedequallybyhistoryandculture.ChinaisnotliketheWest,anditwillnotbecomeliketheWest.Itwillremaininveryfundamentalrespectsverydifferent.Nowthebigquestionhereisobviously,howdowemakesenseofChina?
HowdowetrytounderstandwhatChinais?
AndtheproblemwehaveintheWestatthemomentby-and-largeisthattheconventionalapproachisthatweunderstanditreallyinWesternterms,usingWesternideas.Wecan’t.NowIwanttoofferyouthreebuildingblocksfortryingtounderstandwhatChinaislike--justasabeginning.
Thefirstisthis,thatChinaisnotreallyanationstate.Okay,it’scalleditselfanationstateforthelasthundredyears.ButeveryonewhoknowsanythingaboutChinaknowsit’salotolderthanthis.ThiswaswhatChinalookedlikewiththevictoryoftheQinDynastyin221B.C.attheendofthewarringstateperiod--thebirthofmodernChina.AndyoucanseeitagainsttheboundariesofmodernChina.Orimmediatelyafterward,theHanDynasty,still2,000yearsago.AndyoucanseealreadyitoccupiesmostofwhatwenowknowasEasternChina,whichiswherethevastmajorityofChineselivedthenandlivenow.
Nowwhatisextraordinaryaboutthisis,whatgivesChinait’ssenseofbeingChina,whatgivestheChinesethesenseofwhatitistobeChinese,comesnotfromthelasthundredyears,notfromthenationstateperiod,whichiswhathappenedintheWest,butfromtheperiod,ifyoulike,ofthecivilizationstate.I’mthinkinghere,forexample,ofcustomslikeancestralworship,ofaverydistinctivenotionofthestate,likewise,averydistinctivenotionofthefamily,socialrelationshipslikeguanxi,Confucianvaluesandsoon.Theseareallthingsthatcomefromtheperiodofthecivilizationstate.Inotherwords,China,unliketheWesternstatesandmostcountriesintheworld,isshapedbyitssenseofcivilization,itsexistenceasacivilizationstate,ratherthanasanationstate.Andthere’soneotherthingtoaddtothis,andthatisthis:
OfcourseweknowChina’sbig,huge,demographicallyandgeographically,withapopulationof1.3billionpeople.Whatweoftenaren’treallyawareofisthefactthatChinaisextremelydiverseandverypluralistic,andinmanywaysverydecentralized.Youcan’trunaplaceonthisscalesimplyfromBeijing,eventhoughwethinkthistobethecase.It’sneverbeenthecase.
SothisisChina,acivilizationstate,ratherthananationstate.Andwhatdoesitmean?
WellIthinkithasallsortsofprofoundimplications.I’llgiveyoutwoquickones.ThefirstisthatthemostimportantpoliticalvaluefortheChineseisunity,isthemaintenanceofChinesecivilization.Youknow,2,000yearsago,Europe:
breakdown,thefragmentationoftheHolyRomanEmpire[RomanEmpire].Itdivided,andit’sremaineddividedeversince.China,overthesametimeperiod,wentinexactlytheoppositedirection,verypainfullyholdingthishugecivilization,civilizationstatetogether.
Thesecondismaybemoreprosaic,whichisHongKong.DoyourememberthehandoverofHongKongbyBritaintoChinain1997?
YoumayrememberwhattheChineseconstitutionalpropositionwas.Onecountry,twosystems.AndI’lllayawagerthatbarelyanyoneintheWestbelievedthem.”Windowdressing.WhenChinagetsit’shandsonHongKong,thatwon’tbethecase.”13yearson,thepoliticalandlegalsysteminHongKongisasdifferentnowasitwasin1997.Wewerewrong.Whywerewewrong?
Wewerewrongbecausewethought,naturallyenough,innationstateways.ThinkofGermanunification,1990.Whathappened?
Well,basicallytheEastwasswallowedbytheWest.Onenation,onesystem.Thatisthenationstatementality.Butyoucan’trunacountrylikeChina,acivilizationstate,onthebasisofonecivilization,onesystem.Itdoesn’twork.SoactuallytheresponseofChinatothequestionofHongKong--asitwillbetothequestionofTaiwan--wasanaturalresponse:
onecivilization,manysystems.
LetmeofferyouanotherbuildingblocktotryandunderstandChina--maybenotsuchacomfortableone.TheChinesehaveavery,verydifferentconceptionofracetomostothercountries.Doyouknow,ofthe1.3billionChinese,over90percentofthemthinktheybelongtothesamerace,theHan.Nowthisiscompletelydifferentfromtheotherworld’smostpopulouscountries.India,theUnitedStates,Indonesia,Brazil--allofthemaremultiracial.TheChinesedon’tfeellikethat.Chinaisonlymultiracialreallyatthemargins.Sothequestionis,why?
Wellthereason,Ithink,essentiallyis,again,backtothecivilizationstate.Ahistoryofatleast2,000years,ahistoryofconquest,occupation,absorption,assimilationandsoon,ledtotheprocessbywhich,overtime,thisnotionoftheHanemerged--ofcourse,nurturedbyagrowingandverypowerfulsenseofculturalidentity.
Nowthegreatadvantageofthishistoricalexperiencehasbeenthat,withouttheHan,Chinacouldneverhaveheldtogether.TheHanidentityhasbeenthecementwhichhasheldthiscountrytogether.ThegreatdisadvantageofitisthattheHanhaveaveryweakconceptionofculturaldifference.Theyreallybelieveintheirownsuperiority,andtheyaredisrespectfulofthosewhoarenot.Hencetheirattitude,forexample,totheUyghursandtotheTibetans.
Orletmegiveyoumythirdbuildingblock,theChinesestate.NowtherelationshipbetweenthestateandsocietyinChinaisverydifferentfromthatintheWest.NowweintheWestoverwhelminglyseemtothink--inthesedaysatleast--thattheauthorityandlegitimacyofthestateisafunctionofdemocracy.TheproblemwiththispropositionisthattheChinesestateenjoysmorelegitimacyandmoreauthorityamongsttheChinesethanistruewithanyWesternstate.Andthereasonforthisisbecause--well,therearetworeasons,Ithink.Andit’sobviouslygotnothingtodowithdemocracy,becauseinourtermstheChinesecertainlydon’thaveademocracy.Andthereasonforthisis,firstly,becausethestateinChinaisgivenaveryspecial--itenjoysaveryspecialsignificanceastherepresentative,theembodimentandtheguardianofChinesecivilization,ofthecivilizationstate.ThisisascloseasChinagetstoakindofspiritualrole.
Andthesecondreasonisbecause,whereasinEuropeandNorthAmerica,thestate’spoweriscontinuouslychallenged--ImeanintheEuropeantradition,historicallyagainstthechurch,againstothersectorsofthearistocracy,againstmerchantsandsoon--for1,000years,thepoweroftheChinesestatehasnotbeenchallenged.It’shadnoseriousrivals.SoyoucanseethatthewayinwhichpowerhasbeenconstructedinChinaisverydifferentfromourexperienceinWesternhistory.Theresult,bytheway,isthattheChinesehaveaverydifferentviewofthestate.Whereaswetendtoviewitasanintruder,astranger,certainlyanorganwhosepowersneedtobelimitedordefinedandconstrained,theChinesedon’tseethestatelikethatatall.TheChineseviewthestateasanintimate--notjustasanintimateactually,asamemberofthefamily--notjustinfactasamemberofthefamily,butastheheadofthefamily,thepatriarchofthefamily.ThisistheChineseviewofthestate--very,verydifferenttoours.It’sembeddedinsocietyinadifferentkindofwaytowhatisthecaseintheWest.
AndIwouldsuggesttoyouthatactuallywhatwearedealingwithhere,intheChinesecontext,isanewkindofparadigm,whichisdifferentfromanythingwe’vehadtothinkaboutinthepast.KnowthatChinabelievesinthemarketandthestate.Imean,AdamSmith,alreadywritinginthelate18thcenturysaid,”TheChinesemarketislargerandmoredevelopedandmoresophisticatedthananythinginEurope.”And,apartfromtheMaoperiod,thathasremainedmore-or-lessthecaseeversince.Butthisiscombinedwithanextremelystrongandubiquitousstate.ThestateiseverywhereinChina.Imean,it’sleadingfirms,manyofthemarestillpubliclyowned.Privatefirms,howeverlargetheyare,likeLenovo,dependinmanywaysonstatepatronage.Targetsfortheeconomyandsoonaresetbythestate.Andthestate,ofcourse,itsauthorityflowsintolotsofotherareas--aswearefamiliarwith--withsomethinglikethethe
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 了解 中国 崛起 演讲