英语听力教程3第二版Unit2答案供参考.docx
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英语听力教程3第二版Unit2答案供参考.docx
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英语听力教程3第二版Unit2答案供参考
PartIGettingready
A.
B.Keys:
1:
InternationalUnionfortheConservationofNature,
UnitedNations,wildlife,policies
2:
ConventiononInternationalTradeinEndangeredSpecies,
trade,animalsandplants,1975,prohibits,8000,controls,
30000
3:
UnitedNationsEnvironmentalProgram,
leadership,environment,qualityoflife
4:
WorldWideFundforNature(formerlyWorldWildlifeFund),
1961,SaharaDesert,NorthAmerica&mostofEurope,
topsoilblowingaway
C.Keys:
1:
22:
43:
54:
1,65:
3
Questions:
1:
Theyworktoconservenaturalareasthatcontainendangeredwildlife
2:
Theyarecampaigningtoprovideseasanctuariesforsomeoftheseendangeredspecies.Protected-nestingsitesforturtleshavebeensetup
3:
Itreferstotheplacesofsafetyintheseawhereseaanimalsare
protectedandallowedtolivefreely
PartIIChristmasbirdcounts
A.Keys:
1:
Jan.3rd2:
morethan40000volunteers3:
16004:
a15milediameter
5:
anAmericanartist6:
theirnaturalhabitats7:
thelate1800s
B.Keys:
1:
start2:
sponsored3:
outsidecountingbirds4:
experiencedbirdwatchers
5:
anyonethatisinterestedorconcerned6:
scheduled7:
10peopletakingpart
8:
15milediametercircle9:
thetotalbirdpopulations10:
thenumberofbirds
11:
thelongest-runningbirdcensus12:
undefined
PartIIIDolphincaptivity
A.
B.Keys:
1:
12:
33:
44:
55:
2
6:
Dolphinsshouldbekeptincaptivity.
7:
Thereareeducationalbenefitsofkeepingmarinemammalsincaptivity.
C.Keys:
1:
stress(family-oriented)2:
sonarbouncingoff
3:
averageageofdeath;lifegettingbetterforcaptivedolphins
4:
naturalbehabiorpatterns-altered
5:
sufferingfromfracturedskulls,ribsorjaws
6:
can'tlearnfromanimalsinthewildhowtheyoperate,breed,whattheyneed,etc.
PartIVMoreaboutthetopic:
Birds----ASourceofWealth
Keys:
1:
93002:
Habitat3:
warmerclimates4:
300differentspecies
5:
colderclimates6:
habitatalteration7:
estheticvalue8:
Birds'population
PartVDoyouknow…?
Keys:
1:
oneandone-halfmillion2:
20times
3:
1004:
400005:
65million
6:
35007:
2millionsquaremiles8:
3%
9:
200animalspecies10:
1000
11:
athird12:
two-thirds13:
three-quarters
Tapescript
PartIGettingready
A:
Hello,I'mcallingonbehalfoftheWorldWildlifeFund.
B:
Thewhat?
A:
TheWorldWildlifeFund.Ifyou'vegotafewminutesI'dliketotellyouwhatthatmeans.
B:
Oh,allright.
A:
Weworktoconservenaturalareasthatcontainendangeredwildlife.Theseas,forexample,havebecomepollutedbytheindustrializedworld;whalesarebeinghuntedtoextinction;turtlesarerolledofftheireggswhentheycomeashoretobreedorareslaughteredfortheirmeatandoil…
B:
Oh.
A:
Crocodilesarekilledtomakehandbagsandshoes;walrusesarehunted
fortheirivory.
B:
Isee.
A:
Sealsarebludgeonedtodeathtoprovidefurcoatsandthethreatofextinctionhangsoverseveralspeciesofwhale,dolphinandporpoise.
B:
Really.
A:
Wearenowcampaigningtoprovideseasanctuariesforsomeoftheseendangeredspecies.
B:
Veryinteresting.
A:
Aidedbyourcampaign,protectednestingsitesforturtleshavealreadybeensetup.Asyoucansee,thisisveryvaluableworkandI
wonderthereforeifyou'dliketomakeadonation?
PartIIChristmasbirdcounts
JohnJamesAudubonwasanAmericanartistintheearly1800s,whoillustratedbirdsintheirnaturalhabitats.TheSocietynamedafterhimwasfoundedinthelate1800sbyconservationistsconcernedwiththedeclineofbirds,whichwerebeingkilledsotheirfeatherscouldbeusedinthemanufactureofwomen'shats.
SponsoredbytheNationalAudubonSociety,morethan40000volunteerswillbeoutsidecountingbirdsfromtodayuntilJanuary3rd.Volunteersfromall50statesoftheUnitedStates,everyCanadianprovince,partsofCentralandSouthAmerica,Bermuda,theWestIndiesandPacificislandshavebeguntocountandrecordeveryindividualbirdandbirdspeciesobservedduringthetwoandonehalfweekperiodofthecount.
JeffreyLeBaronistheNationalAudubonSociety'sChristmasBirdCounteditor.Hesaysthecountisthelongest-runningbirdcensusinornithology.
Thisyear,accordingtoMr.LeBaron,morethan1600separatebirdcountshavebeenscheduled.Somewouldhaveasfewas10peopletakingpart,otherswithhundreds.ThelogisticsoftheChristmasbirdcount,headds,aresimple.
"Eachindividualcountisinacircle.It'sa15milediametercircle,um,
aroundtheexactcenterpoint.Andit'salwaystheexactlysameareathat'sdoneeveryyear,usually,evenonthesameweekendduringthecountperiod.Andwhattheidealwouldbe,whichisvirtuallyimpossible,isthiscensus:
everysingleindividualbirdwithinthatcircleonthecountday."
Mr.LeBaronsaysexperiencedbirdcounterscangetagoodideaofthetotalbirdpopulationswithinthecountcirclebasedonthenumberofbirdstheyactuallysee.Theeditorpointsout,however,thatthecountsarenotonlyforexperiencedbirdwatchers.
"Anybodythatisinterestedorconcernedcanbecomeinvolved.Beginnerswillgooutinapartywithexperiencedindividualswhoknowboththeareaandthebirdsinthearea,inthefieldwheremoreeyesandearsarebetter.Andthenanybodycanpointoutabird,andsomeoneinthefieldwillalwaysbeabletoidentifythebird."
PartIIIDolphincaptivity
A:
AplannedaquaticparkinDenverisraisingtheireofanimalrightsactivistswhoobjecttoaproposaltoincludeacaptivedolphindisplay.AlthoughofficialsforColorado'sOceanJourneyssaytheyhaveyettomakeafinaldecisionontheissue,localandnationalactivistshavealreadyinstigateda"NoDolphinsinDenver'campaign.AsColoradoPublicRadio'sPeterJonesreports,thebattlelineshavebeenclearlydrawn.
P:
RickTroud,aformernavydolphintrainerbasedinFlorida,istakinganactiveroleinthe"NoDolphins"campaign.
R:
Averageageinthewildrangesanywhereinsomeofthestudiesbetween30and40yearsofage.Incaptivity,youcanexpectadolphintolivemaybe5.13years,andevery7yearsincaptivity,thedolphinpopulationisdead.
P:
AccordingtoTroud,therearemanyreasonswhydolphinscan'tlivefulllivesincaptivity.
R:
Ifyoutakealookatwheretherealdolphinisintherealocean,youfindthedolphinwhoswims40milesaday,isveryfamily-oriented.Theseanimalsareseparatedfromtheirmothers;that'sastress.Youputtheminaconcretetankwheretheirsonarbouncesoffofwalls,theycan'tswiminthesameamountoftimeanddirectionthattheycaninthewild.
P:
Environmentalistandoceanexplorer,JeanMichelCousteau:
J:
Therearesomeanimalswhichrejectcaptivityrightaway,andthey'reverysuicidal.I'vehadoneofthoseinmyownarmsformanydays.ThenextmorningwhenIcametotakecareofhim,hewasdead.Andwhathe'ddonewastoswimasfastashecouldfromoneendofthepoolon...totheothersideanddestroyedhisheadbyhittingthewall.Theyhaveaverysophisticatedbrain.Idon'tthinkwehaveanyrightstoplaywiththelivesoftheseanimals.
P:
Cousteau'santi-captivitypositionischallengedbyDr.DeborahDuffield,abiologyprofessoratPortlandStateCollegeinOregon.Her1990studycomparedcaptivedolphinstothewildpopulationofSarasotaBay,Florida.Amongotherfindings,thestudyshowedlittleifanydifferenceintheaverageageofdeath.AndDuffieldsayslifeisgenerallygettingbetterforcaptivedolphins.
D:
ThecensusdatasaythateverytimeIdoacensus,I'vegotolderandolderanimalsinitaswellasthisnormalagedistributionthatwe'vebeenlookingat.Somyfeelingisthatthetrendincaptivityhasbeenthatthegroupsofanimalsthatwe’refollowingaregettingolder,andiftheycontinuetodothatoverthenextfiveyears,theywillthenindeedbeolderthanthewildpopulation.
P:
Thereisalsoadebateovertheeducationalbenefitsofkeepingmarinemammalsincaptivity.AccordingtoDuffield,captivedolphinsplayanimportantroleinourbasicunderstandingoftheanimals.
D:
Ifirmlybelievethatwecannotlearnanythingaboutorganismsthatwesharethisworldwithifwedonotunderstandhowtheyliveinanenvironment,andwhattheydo,andthatwatchingthemgobyinthewildwillnotdoit.Icannottellwhatananimalneeds,unlessIknowhowitoperates,howitbreeds,whatitneedsmetabolically,andIcan'tlearnthatfromanimalsinthewild.
P:
ButTroudsaysthedolphindisplaysareanti-educationalbecausethe
animals'naturalbehaviorpatternsarealteredbycaptivity.
R:
Inthewild,youdon'thavedolphinswhobeateachothertodeath.TherearenodolphinsthatI'veeverseenstrandedonthebeach,whoaresufferingfromfracturedskulls,fracturedribsorfracturedjaws,asisthecaseincaptivity.
P:
TheOceanJourneyboardwilltakeallfactorsintoconsiderationbeforemakingafinaldecisiononwhethertoincludedolphinsinthepark.ForColoradoPublicRadio,I'mPeterJones.
PartIVMoreaboutthetopic:
Birds----ASourceofWealth
Mr.LeBaronsaysthereareabout9300differentknownspeciesofbirds.Largernumbersofthemliveinthewarmerclimates.Forexample,morethan300differentspecieshavebeencountedinPanama,whilefarfewerspeciesarenativetocolderclimates.Asidefromtheirestheticvalue,Mr.LeBaronsaysbirdsareimportanttotheenvironmentbecausetheycansignalchangesinit.
"Birdsareoneofthebestindicatorsthatwehaveofthequalityoftheenvironmentwithinthegivenarea.Whetheritisarelativelylocalarea,orevenprimarilyontheworldwidebases,theyareoneofthefirstthingstobealtered.Theyarequitesensitivetoahabita
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