Unit 14 Culture.docx

Unit 14 Culture.docx

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Unit14Culture

Unit14Culture

PartA

ListeningStrategy

FindingtheSequenceofEventsinaNarrative

Whenwelistentoanarrative,itisimportanttofollowthesequenceofeventssothatwedonotlosetrackofhowastoryoraneventbegins,developsandends.Ausefulwayistopayattentiontotimeexpressions,suchas“atfirst”,“inthebeginning”,“bythattime”,“bythen”,“later”,“afterafewyears”,“afterawhile”,“soon”,and“intheend”.Weshouldalsolistenforspecificperiodsoftimeanddatesoryearslike“inthe20thcentury”,“in2009”,“onMay20th”,etc.Ifweputtogethertheinformationthatfollowssuchtimeexpressionswecanusuallyfollowthesequenceofeventsinanarrative.

Listentothepassageandcompletethechartbelow.

HowtheHillsFamilyWontheCopyrighttotheSong“HappyBirthdaytoYou”

Time

Event

In1893

MildredandPattyHill,twoAmericankindergartenteachers,composedthesong“GoodMorningtoAll”togreettheirstudentseverymorning.

Later

Thetitleofthesongwasknownas“GoodMorningtoYou”whenitwasusedforchildrentogreettheirteacher.

In1924

ThesongappearedinabookofmusiceditedbyRobertColeman.Andasecondverse“HappyBirthdaytoYou”wasaddedtoit.Thewriterofthelyricstothesecondverseremainedunknown.

Bymid-1930s

Thesongappearedrepeatedlyinmovies,radioshows,andBroadwaymusicalswithoutthepermissionoftheHillfamily.

In1934

JessicaHillfiledasuitandwonthecopyrighttothesong“HappybirthdaytoYou”forhereldersisters.Sheprovedincourtthat“HappyBirthdaytoYou”wasactually“GoodMorningtoAll”withdifferentlyrics.

Fromthenon

Everytimethesongwassungpublicly,theHillfamilygetspaid.

Script:

IntheEnglish-speakingworld,itiscustomarytosingthesong“HappyBirthdaytoYou”tothebirthdayperson.Doyouknowthatitwasoriginallywrittenasasongtogreetstudentsinthemorning?

TwoAmericankindergartenteachers,MildredHillandhersisterPattyHillwrotethesong.In1893,Mildred,whostudiedmusic,cameupwiththemelodyandPattyaddedsomelyrictoitandthesongbecame“GoodMorningtoAll”,whichtheysangeverymorningtotheirstudents.Andthelyricsranlikethis:

“Goodmorningtoyou.Goodmorningtoyou.Goodmorning,dearchildren.Goodmorningtoall.”

Laterthetitleofthesongwasknownas“GoodMorningtoYou”whenitwasusedforchildrentosingittotheirteacher.Andthethirdandfourthlinesbecame“Goodmorning,dearteacher.Goodmorningtoyou.”

In1924thesongappearedinabookofmusiceditedbyRobertColeman.Andasecondverse,“HappyBirthdaytoYou”,wasaddedtoit.Butitisunclearwhosuppliedthewordstothesecondverse.

Thissecondversequicklybecamemorepopularthanthefirst,andwithinashorttimeofthebook’spublication,thesongwasknowntoallas“HappyBirthdaytoYou”.Andbymid-1930sitwasusedfrequentlyinmovies,radioshows,andBroadwaymusicalswithouttheHillfamily’spermission.Athirdsister,JessicaHill,decidedtoactonbehalfofhereldersisters.Shefiledasuittoprovethat“HappyBirthdaytoYou”wastheirsongwithdifferentlyrics.Shewonin1934,andnoweverytime“HappyBirthdaytoYou”issungpublicly,theHillfamilygetspaid.

PartB

Pre-listeningTask

QuestionsforDiscussion

Youaregoingtotalkaboutculture.Readthefollowingquestionsanddiscussthemwithyourpartner.

1.Doyouoftengoshopping?

2.Wheredoyouusuallybuygrocery?

Supermarketsoratafarmer’smarket?

3.Isthereanythingthatannoysyouwhenyougoshoppinginasupermarket?

4.Haveyoueverheardof“drive-inrestaurant/cinema/serviceinabank”?

5.Whatcanbe“drive-ingroceryshopping”?

Demo:

4.Haveyoueverheardof“drive-inrestaurant/cinema/serviceinabank”?

Yes,I’veheardof“drive-in”,whichisatypeoffashionableserviceintheWest.Adrive-inisafacilitysuchasabank,restaurant,ormovietheaterwhereonecanliterallydriveinwithanautomobileforservice.Itisusuallydistinguishedfromadrive-through.Atadrive-inrestaurant,forexample,customersparktheirvehiclesandareusuallyservedbystaffwhowalkouttotakeordersandreturnwithfood,encouragingdinerstoremainparkedwhiletheyeat.Atadrive-throughrestaurant,conversely,customerswaitinalineandpassbyoneormorewindowstoorder,pay,andreceivetheirfood,andthentaketheirmealselsewheretoeat.

AdditionalQuestionforDiscussion

Whatiscultureshock?

Howtoovercomeit?

Demo:

Cultureshockisatermusedtodescribetheanxietyproducedwhenapersonmovestoacompletelynewenvironment.Thistermexpressesthelackofdirection,thefeelingofnotknowingwhattodoorhowtodothingsinanewenvironment,andnotknowingwhatisappropriateorinappropriate.Thefeelingofcultureshockcanusuallysetinafterthefirstfewweeksofarrivinginanewcountry.Sinceyouhaveneverencounteredaparticularsituationinyourowncountry,thediscrepancybetweenyourcultureandtheexperienceinforeigncountriesmayconflictwithyourexpectations,andthusmakeyoufeeloutofplace.

Probably,thebestthingtodoistobeopentodifferencesandbeflexibletochange.Differencesarenotgoodorbad,butjustcommonphenomenainsociety.Acceptingthefactthatpeopledothingsdifferentlyisthefirststeptounderstandingcultureshock.Bewillingtotrynewthingsandavoidcriticizingothers.Bydoingthis,you’llbeabletoadjusttoanynewenvironment.

LanguageFocus

Herearesomesentencesandstructuresthatyoumightfindusefulindiscussingtheabovequestions.

●Iusuallygoshoppinginasupermarket/online.

●Supermarketsofferalmostallkindsofthingsweneedindailylife.It’ssoconvenient.

●Shoppinginabigsupermarketcanbequitetime-consuming/takeupalotofmytime.

●VeryoftenIneedtospendhoursgettingallIneed/loadingmycartwithgroceriesandotherthings.

●Thereareusuallylonglinesatcheck-outpoints,especiallyatweekends.

●Forpeoplewhodrivetoasupermarkettodoshopping,there’salwaysthetroubleoffindingaparkingspace.

●Drive-inserviceatbankssavesalotoftimeforbusypeople/peoplewhohavelittlepatiencetowaitinlonglines.

●Drive-throughrestaurantsarerestrictedtofastfoodrestaurantsbecausethefoodtheyserveiseasytoprepare.

●Drive-throughrestaurantsareconvenientforpeoplewhoneedtograbsomethingtoeatinahurry.

●Adrive-incinemaisacinemadesignedforpeopletoremainseatedintheircarswhilewatchingafilm.

●Therefore,drive-inserviceinabankisaservicewhichenablescustomerstodobankingwithouthavingtostepoutoftheircars.

●Iguessdrive-ingroceryshoppingmeanscustomerscanbuygrocerywithoutgettingoutoftheircars.

ListeningTasks

Drive-inGroceryShopping

WordBank

check-outn.aplaceatasupermarketwhereyoupayforyourgoods（超市的）收银台

catalogn.apublicationcontainingdetailsandoftenphotographsofalistofitemsforsale商品目录

provena.thathasbeenprovedtrue已经得到证实的

print-outn.sth.printed打印件

coden.asystemusedforbrevityorsecrecyofcommunicationinwhichwords,letters,figuresorsymbolsareusedtorepresentothers密码；代码

loadv.toputalargeamountofgoodsinashoppingcartorsomeothercontainer装货

sniffv.tosmellsth.bydrawingairthroughthenoseinshort,audibleinhalations（出声地）吸气；嗅

squeezev.tofirmlypress（sth.soft）withone’sfingers（用手指）用力挤压

recordtimeshortesttimeonrecord创纪录的（短）时间

goabouttocarryonwith做，从事

punchsth.in/intotoenterinformationbytypingonthekeyboardofacomputer输入信息

fastlaneoneofthelanesonaroadwhereyoucandriveatafasterspeed快车道

becomparabletotobesimilarto相似的，类似的

Dave（男子名）

Burnstein（姓）

Script:

Reporter:

InLosAngelessome1,200peoplearedoingtheirweeklygroceryshoppinginrecordtimewithoutthegrocerycartsorwithoutthecheck-outlines.Theydon’thavetofightforaparkingspace,ortostandinline,oreventogetoutoftheircar.Theymakeuptheirgrocerylistsfroma4,000-itemcatalogandthenphoneintheitemnumbers.

DaveBursteinisthevice-presidentforthePhone-InDrive-ThroughMarket.Nowlet’shearwhatMr.Burnsteinhastosay.

Hi,Mr.Burnstein,canyoutelluswhatmakesyoustartthiskindofsupermarket?

Dave:

Well,wetooktwoideasthathavebeenprovensuccessful.Onewasthesuccessofdrivethroughconvenience—whichhasbeenproventobesuccessfulwithbanksandfastfood,andthenwetooktheprovensuccessofcatalogshopping,andappliedbothtogroceryshopping.Ourreasonistosavetime.Wefeelwecangetcustomersinandoutofhereinlessthantwominutes.

Reporter:

That’swonderful.Thankyou,Mr.Burnstein.

Dave:

Mypleasure.

Reporter:

Onceyourorderisin,thecomputertakesover.Thecomputerturnsyourgrocerylistintoaprint-out.Workersthengetthegoodsonyourlistfromawarehouse.Meanwhileyougoaboutyourbusinessand,threehourslater,driveuptothemarket,punchyourcodeintoaterminal,andwriteacheckwhileyourgroceriesareloadedintoyourcar.

Therearedisadvantagestothisfastlanegroceryshopping.Youcan’tstopandsniffthefishorsqueezethemelon.However,Iheardnocomplaintsaboutthefreshnessofthefood.Andyoupaya$1.50servicechargeoneachorder,butpricesarecomparabletotraditionalgrocerystores.Andasonecustomerputit,“Mytimeisworthmorethanadollarandahalfanhour.”

LanguageandCultureNotes

1.catalogshopping

InWesterncountries,shoppingfromcatalogshasbecomeanimportantwayofbuyingallkindsofitems,fromexoticfoodstolargeappliances.Th