高考英语 阅读理解 综合题附答案解析.docx
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高考英语 阅读理解 综合题附答案解析.docx
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高考英语阅读理解综合题附答案解析
一、高中英语阅读理解
1.阅读理解
Genetechnologytobenefitpeople
Amongallthefastgrowingscienceandtechnology,theresearchofhumangenes,orbiologicalengineeringaspeoplecallit,isdrawingmoreandmoreattentionnow.Sometimesitisahottopicdiscussedbypeople.
Thegreatestthingthatgenetechnologycandoistocureseriousdiseasesthatdoctorsatpresentcanalmostdonothingwith,suchascancerandheartdisease.Everyyear,millionsofpeoplearemurderedbythesetwokillers.Andtodate,doctorshavenotfoundaneffectivewaytocurethem.Butifthegenetechnologyisapplied,notonlythesetwodiseasescanbecuredcompletely,bringinghappinessandmorelivingdaystothepatients,butalsothegreatamountofmoneypeoplespendoncuringtheirdiseasescanbesaved,thereforeitbenefitstheeconomyaswell.Inaddition,humanlifespan(寿命)canbeprolonged.
Genetechnologycanhelppeopletogivebirthtomorehealthyandcleverchildren.Somefamilies,withtheEnglishimperial(皇室)familybeingagoodexample,havehereditary(遗传的)diseases.Thismeanstheirchildrenwillforsurehavethefamilydisease,whichisagreattroubleforthesefamilies.Inthepast,doctorscoulddonothingabouthereditarydiseases.Butgenetechnologycansolvethisproblemperfectly.Thescientistjustneedtofindthewronggeneandcorrectitandahealthychildwillbeborn.
Somepeopleareworryingthatthegeneresearchcanbeusedtomanufacturehumanbeingsinlargequantities.Inthepastfewyears,scientistshavesucceededincloningasheep;thereforethesepeoplepredictthathumanbabieswouldsoonbecloned.ButIbelieveclonedbabieswillnotcomeoutinlargequantities,formostcouplesintheworldcanhavebabiesinverynormalway.Ofcourse,thegovernmentsmusttakecaretocontrolgenetechnology.
(1)Whatdoes"thesetwokillers"inthesecondparagraphreferto?
A. Genetechnologyandanothertreatmentofthetwodiseases.
B. Thetwomurdererswhokilledtheclonedbaby.
C. Thetwodiseasesofcancerandheartdisease.
D. Hereditarydiseasesandcancer.
(2)What'sthemainideaofthethirdparagraph?
A. Howgenetechnologycanbeappliedinthefieldoftreatinghereditarydiseases.
B. Genetechnologycanbeusedtoclonehumanbabies.
C. Genetechnologycanhelppeopletogivebirthofababy.
D. GenetechnologycanhelptheEnglishimperialfamilyout.
(3)Inwhatwaygenetechnologycanhelptotreathereditarydiseases?
A. Usinggenetechnology,peoplewithhereditarydiseasescanhavemorelivingdays.
B. Usinggenetechnology,scientistfindsthewronggeneandcorrectsit.
C. Usinggenetechnology,humanbabiescanbecloned.
D. Doctorscancurecancerandheartdiseasewiththehelpofgenetechnology.
(4)Whatisthemainpurposeofwritingthispassage?
A. Expressingthewriter'sideathatgenetechnologywillbenefitpeople
B. Tellingpeopletheadvantagesofgenetechnology
C. Tellingthereadersthatgenetechnologywillnotbenefitpeople
D. Explainingthatgenetechnologywillalsodoharmtothehumanity
【答案】
(1)C
(2)A
(3)B
(4)A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了基因技术,详细讲述了基因技术的好处。
(1)考查词义猜测。
根据第二段中的“Thegreatestthingthatgenetechnologycandoistocureseriousdiseasesthatdoctorsatpresentcanalmostdonothingwith,suchascancerandheartdisease.”基因技术所能做的最伟大的事情就是治愈严重的疾病,而这些疾病是目前医生们几乎无能为力的,比如癌症和心脏病,及划线词所在句“Everyyear,millionsofpeoplearemurderedbythesetwokillers.”每年都有数百万人被这两名杀手杀害,可知,每年造成数百万人死亡的元凶就是癌症和心脏病。
由此可知,thesetwokillers指的是上文做的cancerandheartdisease.故选C。
(2)考查主旨大意。
根据第三段中的“Inthepast,doctorscoulddonothingabouthereditarydiseases.Butgenetechnologycansolvethisproblemperfectly.Thescientistjustneedtofindthewronggeneandcorrectitandahealthychildwillbeborn.”在过去,医生对遗传病无能为力。
但是基因技术可以完美地解决这个问题。
科学家只需要找到错误的基因并加以纠正,一个健康的孩子就会诞生。
可知,第三段主要介绍了基因技术可以被应用于治愈家族病。
故选A。
(3)考查细节理解。
根据第三段中的“Thescientistjustneedtofindthewronggeneandcorrectit,andahealthychildwillbeborn”科学家只需要找到错误的基因和纠正它,和一个健康的孩子将出生,可知,利用基因技术,科学家发现错误的基因并加以纠正,这样就可以治愈家族病了。
故选B。
(4)考查推理判断。
根据标题“Genetechnologytobenefitpeople”基因技术造福人类;及最后一段中的“ButIbelieveclonedbabieswillnotcomeoutinlargequantities,formostcouplesintheworldcanhavebabiesinverynormalway.Ofcourse,thegovernmentsmusttakecaretocontrolgenetechnology.”但我相信克隆婴儿不会大量出现,因为世界上大多数夫妇可以用非常正常的方式生育。
当然,政府必须小心控制基因技术,可知,文章主要表达作者了认为基因技术将造福人类的观点。
故选A。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,词义猜测,推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查,是一篇科技类阅读,要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上,进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析,推理,概括和归纳,从而选出正确答案。
2.阅读理解
DNAanalysishasrevealedfamilyrelationshipsbetweenmorethan10generationsofStoneAgepeopleatmegalithic(巨石的)tombsinIrelandandSweden.
Theevidencesuggeststhatmegaliths,prehistoriclargestonestructures,sometimesactedasgravesforfamilygroupsinnorthwesternEuropethousandsofyearsago.Thelatestfindingsthrownewlightontheoriginsandsocialstructureofthegroupsthatbuiltmegalithsinthisregion—ahistorythathaslongbeenhiddeninmystery.
Fortheirstudy,theinternationalteamofresearchersanalyzedthegenomes—thecompletesetofgeneticmaterialinacell—of24StoneAgeindividualsfromfivemegalithicburialsitesinIreland,ScotlandandGotland,alargeSwedishislandintheBalticSea.
Thisanalysisshowedthatmanyoftheindividualsburiedateachmegalith,whoalllivedbetween3,800B.C.and2,600B.C.,accordingtoradiocarbon-datingoftheirremains,werecloselyrelatedviafamilyties.
TheresultsalsoshowedthattheindividualsburiedatthemegalithswererelatedtoNeolithicfarmersinnorthernandwesternEuropebutgeneticallydistinctfromotherhunter-gatherers.ThiswasparticularlynoticeableattheAnsarvesiteontheislandofGotland.
"ThepeopleburiedintheAnsarvetombareremarkablydifferentonageneticlevelcomparedtotheindividualsdugoutfromhunter-gathercontexts,showingthattheburialtraditioninthismegalithictomb,whichlastedforover700years,wasperformedbydistinctgroupswithrootsintheEuropeanNeolithicexpansion,"MagdalenaFraser,co-firstauthorfromUppsalaUniversity,saidinthestatement.
(1)What'sthesignificanceofthenewfindings?
A. ItrevealsthefamilytiesbetweenpeopleinIrelandandSweden.
B. Itimpliesthatmanypeopleburiedinthetombswerecloselyrelated.
C. Itindicatesthelong-hiddenmysteryconcerningDNAanalysis.
D. Itsuggeststhatthemegalithsbecametombsthousandsofyearsago.
(2)Howdidtheresearchersreachtheirfindings?
A.Byinterviewingindividuals.
B.Bytravellingtodifferentregions.
C.Byanalyzinggenes.
D.Bystudyingtheburialsites.
(3)Whichistrueaccordingtothelatestfindings?
A.Somepeopleburiedinthetombswererelatedtofarmers.
B.Fewpeopleburiedinthetombsweregeneticallydifferent.
C.Allthepeopleburiedatmegalithshadfamilyrelationships.
D.PeopleburiedintheAnsarvetombweredugout700yearslater.
(4)What'sthemainideaofthispassage?
A.Megalithsservedastombsthousandsofyearsago.
B.Peopleburiedatthemegalithswererecentlyanalyzed.
C.Latestfindingsshedlightonamysteryaboutburials.
D.Stone-AgepeopleinIrelandandSwedenhadcloseties.
【答案】
(1)B
(2)C
(3)A
(4)D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,最新一项发现显示石器时代的爱尔兰人和瑞典人可能存在亲属关系。
研究人员通过分析来自爱尔兰、苏格兰和位于波罗的海的瑞典格特兰岛的5个巨石墓葬遗址的24个石器时代个体的基因组。
发现,每座巨石下埋葬着许多人,他们都生活在公元前3800年至公元前2600年之间根据他们遗体的放射性碳年代测定,他们的血缘关系非常密切。
(1)考查细节理解。
根据第一段中的“DNAanalysishasrevealedfamilyrelationshipsbetweenmorethan10generationsofStoneAgepeopleatmegalithic(巨石的)tombsinIrelandandSweden.”可知DNA分析揭示了爱尔兰和瑞典巨石墓群10多代人之间存在家庭关系。
这项新发现意味着埋葬在坟墓里的许多人是近亲。
故选B。
(2)考查细节理解。
根据第三段中的“Fortheirstudy,theinternationalteamofresearchersanalyzedthegenomes”可知研究人员是通过分析基因组得出这项发现的,故选C。
(3)考查细节理解。
根据第五段中的“TheresultsalsoshowedthattheindividualsburiedatthemegalithswererelatedtoNeolithicfarmersinnorthernandwesternEurope”可知埋葬在巨石阵中的人与北欧和西欧的新石器时代农民有关,故选A。
(4)考查主旨大意。
根据第一段中的“DNAanalysishasrevealedfamilyrelationshipsbetweenmorethan10generationsofStoneAgepeopleatmegalithic(巨石的)tombsinIrelandandSweden.”以及文章主要内容可知文章中心内容主要围绕着石器时代的爱尔兰人和瑞典人有密切联系展开。
故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和主旨大意两个题型的考查,是一篇科研类阅读,考生需要准确掌握细节信息,并根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行概括和归纳,从而选出正确答案。
3.阅读理解
Whenyouliveintotalmessiness—cookiesinyourpantsdraws,andsomeoldNewYorkersorappleseedsinyourbed—it'shardtoknowwheretolookforwhenyouloseyourkeys.Theotherday,aftertwoweeksofsearching,Ifoundmykeysintherefrigerator.Ican'tsayIwassurprised.ButIwassurprisedwhenIwasdiagnosedwithADHD(多动症),whenIwasajunioratYale.
Accordingtoanewstudy,11%ofschool-agechildrenhavereceivedanADHDdiagnosis,a16%increasesince2007.Andrisingdiagnosesmeanrisingtreatments—drugslikeAdderallaremoreaccessiblethanever.However,theconsequencesofmisuseandabuseofthesedrugsaredangerous.
YetalsoharmfularetheconsequencesofADHDundiagnosed,anall-too-commonstoryforwomenlikeme,whohavesymptoms,likedisorganizationandforgetfulness,whichlookdifferentfromthosetypicallyexpressedinmales.
Dr.Ellen,authorofUnderstandingGirlswithADHD,hasfoundaround4millionfemaleswithADHDarenotdiagnosed."Themainreasonisthatthediagnosticcriteriaweredevelopedbasedonthosehyperactive(过度活跃)youngboystakentoclinics,makingitdifficultforgirlstobediagnosedunlesstheybehavelikehyperactiveboys."Ellensays.
Besides,theideathatyoungwomenactuallyhaveADHDoftencausesskepticism.Asatopstudent,Ididn'tbelievemydiagnosisatfirst.Myfriendswerealsoconfused,andrathercertainmydoctorwasmisguided.
"Often,ifgirlsaresmartorinsupportivehomes,symptomsaremasked,"Dr.Ellensays."Girlswillhidetheir
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