自学考试现代语言学试题.docx
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自学考试现代语言学试题.docx
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自学考试现代语言学试题
2010年1月全国高等教育自学考试
现代语言学试题
课程代码:
00830
I.Directions:
Readeachofthefollowingstatementscarefully.DecidewhichoneofthefourchoicesbestcompletesthestatementandputtheletterA,B,C,orDinthebrackets.(2%×10=20%)
1.Thelanguagebehaviorofparticularpersonsonparticularoccasionsisdeterminedbymanyotherfactorsoverandabovetheirlinguistic______.()
A.system
B.structure
C.competence
D.performance
2.Whenwepronouncethelongvowels[i:
]or[u:
],our______,whichisabonystructureattheendofthewindpipe,isinastateoftension.()
A.larynx
B.hardpalate
C.glottis
D.vocalcords
3.Theword“manuscript”isatwo-morphemeclusterwhichcontains______.()
A.tworoots
B.arootandaprefix
C.arootandasuffix
D.arootandafreemorpheme
4.ThegrammaticalknowledgeisrepresentedthroughPhraseStructureRules,whichstateexplicitlyallandonlythepossiblecombinationsofthe______ofalanguage,forexample,inEnglish,NP→(Det)(Adj)N(PP)(S).()
A.phrases
B.clauses
C.sentences
D.constituents
5.Theviewthatthemeaningofalinguisticformisdefinedasthe“situationinwhichthespeakeruttersitandtheresponseitcallsforthinthehearer”wasproposedby______.()
A.Plato
B.OgdenandRichards
C.JohnFirth
D.Bloomfield
6.AccordingtoJohnAustin'stheoryofspeechact,a(n)______actisthechangebroughtaboutbytheutterance.()
A.prelocutionary
B.locutionary
C.illocutionary
D.perlocutionary
7.In1786,SirWilliamJonessuggestedthat______boretoGreekandLatinastrongeraffinitythancouldpossiblyhavebeenproducedbyaccident.()
A.Germanic
B.Persian
C.Sanskrit
D.Lithuanian
8.Theexistenceoftaboowordsandtabooideasstimulatesthecreationofeuphemism,whichshowsthatawordorphrasenotonlyhasalinguisticdenotativemeaningbutalsohasa______.()
A.conceptualmeaning
B.connotativemeaning
C.culturalmeaning
D.socialmeaning
9.Dichoticlisteningresearchtellsusasignalcomingintheleftearwillfirstgotothe______hemisphere,fromwhereitistransferredtotheleftsideofthebrainforprocessing.()
A.right
B.left
C.front
D.back
10.Studiesoftheeffectsofformalinstructiononsecondlanguageacquisitionsuggestthatformalinstructionmayhelplearnersperformsomeofthefollowingtypesoftasksexcept______.()
A.plannedspeech
B.writing
C.casualandspontaneousconversation
D.career-orientedexamination:
II.Directions:
Fillintheblankineachofthefollowingstatementswithoneword,thefirstletterofwhichisalreadygivenasaclue.NotethatyouaretofillinONEwordonly,andyouarenotallowedtochangethelettergiven.(1%×10=10%)
11.Doublea_________referstothepropertyoflanguagewhichmeanslanguageiscomposedofdiscreteunitsattwolevels.Atthelowerlevelthereisastructureofsounds,whicharemeaningless.Atthehigherleveltherearemorphemesandwords,whicharemeaningful.
12.Intheproductionofv_________,thebackofthetongueisbroughtintocontactwiththesoftpalate,orvelum,e.g.,[k]incat,[g]ingetand[η]insting.
13.Morphologicalrulesaretherulesthatgovernwhichaffixcanbeaddedtowhattypeofs_________toformanewword.
14.Asentenceisastructurallyindependentunitthatusuallycomprisesanumberofwords.Aphrasestructuretreediagramassignsah_________structuretosentences.
15.Thewordssuchas“pop”meaningacertainsoundand“pop”meaningpopularareinrelationshipofc_________homonyms.
16.Thec_________viewinthediscussionofsemanticsisoftenconsideredastheinitialefforttostudymeaninginapragmaticsense.
17.ExtensivechangesinrulesofmorphologyhaveoccurredinthehistoryofEnglish.Englishhaslostmostofitsi_________endings,bywhichitisnolongerpossibletoidentifythefunctionalrolesofnouns.
18.Diglossiadescribesanystablelinguisticsituation,inwhichthereexistsastrictf_________differentiationbetweenalow-varietyorL-varietyandahighvarietyorH-variety.
19.Thelocalizationofcognitiveandperceptualfunctionsinaparticularhemisphereofthebrainiscalledl_________.
20.I_________isthelanguagethatalearnerconstructsatagivenstageofsecondlanguageacquisition.
III.Directions:
Judgewhethereach,ofthefollowingstatementsistrueorfalse.PutaTfortrueorFforfalseinthebracketsinfrontofeachstatement.Ifyouthinkastatementisfalse,youmustexplainwhyyouthinksoandthengivethecorrectversion.(2%×10=20%)
21.()AccordingtoHall(1968),languageis"theinstitutionwherebyhumanscommunicateandinteractwitheachotherbymeansofhabituallyusedoral-auditoryarbitrarysymbols."Mostlinguiststodayaccepttheviewoflanguageasasetof"habituallyusedsymbols."
22.()Intonationreferstoadistinctivepatternoftonesoverstretchofspeechinprinciplelongerthanaword,inotherwords,whenpitch,stressandsoundlengtharetiedtothesentenceratherthanthewordinisolation,theyarecollectivelyknownasintonation.
23.()Suffixesareaddedtotheendofstems,duringtheprocessofwhichtheymodifythemeaningoftheoriginalwordbutusuallydonotchangeitspartofspeech.
24.()Whenwesayasentencehastwolevelsofstructure,D-structureandS-structure,wedonotmeanthatthesyntacticrepresentationsofthesetwolevelsmustbedifferent.Sincesyntacticmovementoccurstoallsentences,sotherepresentationsofthetwolevelslookdifferent.
25.()“HehasbeentoNewYork”presupposes“HehasbeentoAmerica”.
26.()JohnSearlemadeadistinctionbetweenwhathecalled“constatives”and“performatives”.
27.()Regularizationofexceptionalpluralformsofnounsconstantlyoccurs.Byanalogytofoe/foes,anddog/dogs,Englishspeakersstartedsayingcowsasthepluralofcowinsteadoftheearlierpluralkine.Thisanalogicalchangedoesnotoccurwhenwordsareborrowedfromforeignlanguages.
28.()ThecommonEnglishaddresstermsareFirstName(e.g.,John),LastName(e.g.,Smith),Title+LastName(e.g.,Dr.Green),Title+Title(e.g.,Mr.President),Titlealone(e.g.,Sir)andKinterm(e.g.,Dad).Andoutsideofmarkedsettings,betweenfriends,neighboursandcolleagues,firstnamesarealwayspreferred.
29.()Thankstocerebralplasticity,peoplesufferingdamagetothelefthemisphereareabletotransfertheirlanguagecenterstotherighthemisphereandtoreacquirethelostlinguisticskillswithrelativelylittledisruption.
30.()Theearliestsoundsproducedbyinfantscanbeconsideredasearlylanguage
IV.Directions:
Explainthefollowingterms,usingoneortwoexamplesforillustration,ifnecessary.(3%×10=30%)
31.designfeatures
32.narrowtranscription
33.boundmorphemes
34.deepstructure
35.hyponymy
36.commissives
37.soundassimilation
38.idiolect
39.Wernicke'sarea
40.interference
V.Directions:
Answerthefollowingquestions.
(10%×2=20%)
41.PleaseillustratethesyntacticandsemanticfeaturesofcompoundsinEnglishlanguagewithexamples.
42.Pleaseexplicatehowlanguageandthoughtdevelopandblendeachotherinordertounderstandtherelationshipbetweenlanguageandthought.
2008年1月全国高等教育自学考试
现代语言学试题
课程代码:
00830
I.Directions:
Readeachofthefollowingstatementscarefully.DecidewhichoneofthefourchoicesbestcompletesthestatementandputtheletterA,B,C,orDinthebracket.(2%×10=20%)
1.Thephoneticformoftheprefixmeaning“not”isphoneticallyvariant;itisbeforeavoweloranalveolarconsonant,beforealabialconsonant,andbeforea_____,forexample,inoperable,indiscrete,impossible,andinconceivable.()
A.velar
B.palatal
C.fricative
D.stop
2.Tonesarepitchvariationsthatrefertomorphologicallydefinedsegmentstotheextentthatdifferent_______inalanguagearedistinctive.Pitchvariationscandistinguishmeaningjustlikephonemes.()
A.sounds
B.patterns
C.pitches
D.features
3.Someofthe______rulesareproductive;theycanbeusedfreelytoformnewwords.()
A.syntactic
B.morphological
C.semantic
D.phonological
4.VP,APandPPsharesimilarsyntacticpropertieswithNPinthattheyallowfor_______andcomplementsinphrases.()
A.heads
B.specifiers
C.lexicalitems
D.obligatorywords
5.Bloomfielddrewon_______psychologywhentryingtodefinethemeaningoflinguisticforms.()
A.contextual
B.conceptualist
C.behaviorist
D.mentalist
6.Pragmaticsdiffersfromtraditionalsemanticsinthatitstudiesmeaningnotinisolation,butin_______.()
A.sense
B.concept
C.sentence
D.context
7.Thelanguagesoftheworldbelongtofamiliesandbearoffspring.Whenweexaminethelanguagesoftheworld,weperceivesimilaritiesanddifferencesamongthemthatprovidefurtherevidenceforthe“______”relatednessweknowexists.()
A.geographical
B.genetic
C.typological
D.functional
8.InEnglish,powderroomisaeuphemismfortoilet,whichitselfstartedasa_______forlavatory,whichisnowmoreacceptablethanitsreplacement.()
A.variant
B.variation
C.variable
D.euphemism
9.WhatcanbedrawnsafelyfromthecaseofGenieisthat_______.()
A.itconfirmsthecriticalperiodhypothesis
B.human’slanguageacquisitiondeviceisindependentofotherintellectualabilities
C.languagecannotbeacquiredatallafterthecriticalperiod
D.thelanguagefacultyofanaveragehumandegeneratesafterthecriticalperiodand,asaresult,mostlinguisticskillscannotdevelop
10.Althoughchildrenarestillacquiringaspectsoftheirnativelanguagethroughthelateryearsofchildhood,itisnormallyassumedthattheyhavecompletedthe
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