考试说明写作概要writing--summary.ppt
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考试说明写作概要writing--summary.ppt
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SummaryWriting本题总分为25分,按5个档次给分。
评分时,先根据所写概要的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次,然后以该档次的要去来衡量、确定或调整档次,最后给分。
词数少于40的和多于80的,从总分中减去2分。
评分时,应主要从以下四个方面考虑.拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个重要方面,评分时,应视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。
如书写较差以致影响交际,可将分数降低一个档次。
1概要写作评分原则解读概要写作评分原则解读概要写作:
提供一篇350词以内的短文,要求考生基于该短文写出一篇60词左右的内容概要评分要点评分要点1)理解准确,)理解准确,涵盖全部要点涵盖全部要点2)准确使用准确使用相应的语法结构和词汇相应的语法结构和词汇3)有效使用语句间的连接成分,)有效使用语句间的连接成分,结构紧凑结构紧凑4)完全使用自己的语言完全使用自己的语言解读之篇SummarywritingforargumentationThereisnothingfixedaboutattitudestodirt1.Readtopic:
structureInwhatorderdoesthepassagedeveloptoshowthedifferent“attitudes”?
Tip1:
Readfortopicandstructure
(2)Intheearly16thcentury,peoplethoughtthatdirtontheskinwasameanstoblockoutdisease,asmedicalopinionhaditthatwashingoffdirtwithhotwatercouldopenuptheskinandletillsin.Aparticulardangerwasthoughttolieinpublicbaths.By1538,theFrenchkinghadclosedthebathhousesinhiskingdom.SodidthekingofEnglandin1546.ThusbeganalongtimewhentherichandthepoorinEuropelivedwithdirtinafriendlyway.HenryIV,KingofFrance,wasfamouslydirty.Uponlearningthatanoblemanhadtakenabath,thekingorderedthat,toavoidtheattackofdisease,thenoblemanshouldnotgoout.(3)Thoughthebeliefinthemeritofdirtwaslong-lived,dirthasnolongerbeenregardedasaniceneighboreversincethe18thcentury.Scientificallyspeaking,cleaningawaydirtisgoodtohealth.Cleanwatersupplyandhandwashingarepracticalmeansofpreventingdisease.Yet,itseemsthatstandardsofcleanlinesshavemovedbeyondsciencesinceWorldWar.Advertisementsrepeatedlyselltheidea;clothesneedtobewhiterthanwhite,clothseversofter,surfacestoshine.Hasthehatefordirt,however,gonetoofar?
(4)Attitudestodirtstilldifferhugelynowadays.Manyfirst-timeparentsnervouslytrytowarntheirchildrenofftouchingdirt,whichmightberesponsibleforthespreadofdisease.Onthecontrary,MaryRuebush,anAmericanimmunologist(免疫学家),encourageschildrentoplayinthedirttobuildupastrongimmunesystem.Andthelatterpositionisgainingsomeground.Thereisnothingfixedaboutattitudestodirt2.Explore(探究)(探究)supportingideasFindoutthetopicsentencesofeachparagraphPara2:
Intheearly16thcentury,peoplethoughtthatdirtontheskinwasameanstoblockoutdisease,asmedicalopinionhaditthatwashingoffdirtwithhotwatercouldopenuptheskinandletillsin.Aparticulardangerwasthoughttolieinpublicbaths.By1538,theFrenchkinghadclosedthebathhousesinhiskingdom.SodidthekingofEnglandin1546.ThusbeganalongtimewhentherichandthepoorinEuropelivedwithdirtinafriendlyway.HenryIV,KingofFrance,wasfamouslydirty.Uponlearningthatanoblemanhadtakenabath,thekingorderedthat,toavoidtheattackofdisease,thenoblemanshouldnotgoout.ExamplesofsomeEuropeancountries(Para3)Thoughthebeliefinthemeritofdirtwaslong-lived,dirthasnolongerbeenregardedasaniceneighboreversincethe18thcentury.Scientificallyspeaking,cleaningawaydirtisgoodtohealth.Cleanwatersupplyandhandwashingarepracticalmeansofpreventingdisease.Yet,itseemsthatstandardsofcleanlinesshavemovedbeyondsciencesinceWorldWar.Advertisementsrepeatedlyselltheidea;clothesneedtobewhiterthanwhite,clothseversofter,surfacestoshine.Hasthehatefordirt,however,gonetoofar?
(Para4)Attitudestodirtstilldifferhugelynowadays.Manyfirst-timeparentsnervouslytrytowarntheirchildrenofftouchingdirt,whichmightberesponsibleforthespreadofdisease.Onthecontrary,MaryRuebush,anAmericanimmunologist(免疫学家),encourageschildrentoplayinthedirttobuildupastrongimmunesystem.Andthelatterpositionisgainingsomeground.Tip2:
Explorefortopicsentences,leavingoutunnecessarypoints3:
Paraphrase(改写)(改写)Thereisnothingfixedaboutattitudestodirt.different,mixed,variousopinions,views,ideasAttitudestodirtvaryindifferenttimes.Peopleholddifferent/mixedopinionstowardsdirtovertime.Tip3.Paraphrasewithsynonyms(同同义词)thoughtthatdirtontheskinwasameanstoblockoutdiseaseldefendedtheirbodiesagainsttheattackofdisease.lconsidereddirtontheskinhelpedresistillness.lprotectedpeoplefromgettingill.lregarddirtontheskinasabarrieragainstdisease.Paraphrasewithsynonyms(同(同义句)句)Inthe18thcentury,regardedcleaningawaydirtisgoodtohealthItwasnotuntil.thatpeolecametobelievewashingoffdirtbenefitedhealth.Centurieslater,peoplecametoadopt/employ/subsribetoascientificviewondirt,consideringitahealthypracticetoremovedirtofftheskin.Tip4:
Paraphrase(改写)(改写)withstructures(participle分分词,with-structure结构构,emphaticsentence强强调句句andsoon)encourageschildrentoplayinthedirttobuildupastrongimmunesystemlplaywithdirthelpstrenghthentheirimmunesystem.lexposuretosomedirtmayhelp/boostourimmunesystem.ParaphrasewithsynonymsPeopleholdmixedopinionstowardsdirtonourskin.Inthe16thcentury,peopleofsomeEuropeancountries,believedthatdirtprotectedpeoplefromgettingill.Peoplebegantochangetheirattitudestodirtmorethan200yearsago.Theyhavebeentoldthatwashingdirtoffourbodycankeepushealthy.Nowadays,somescientistsbelievethatexposuretosomedirtmayhelpourimmunesystem.However,Nevertheless/But,people4:
Polish(润色)(润色)nowadays,Tip5:
Polishwithconnectivestomakeitcoherent.5.CopyTip6:
CopywithcleannessHowtowriteasummaryREPCP5STEPS6TIPSTopicandstructureTo
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