最常用的英语词缀.ppt
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最常用的英语词缀.ppt
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英语中最常用词缀AffixesMostFrequentlyUsedinEnglishnAnaffix(词缀)isaletterorgroupofletters,forexampleun-or-y,whichisaddedtoeitherthebeginningortheendofawordinordertoformadifferentword.nAnaffixincludesprefix(addedtothebeginningoftheword,前缀)andsuffix(addedtotheendoftheword,后缀).nWhenaprefixisaddedtoaword,thewordoftenhasanewmeaning.Forexample,unhappy,dishonest,incredible.nWhenasuffixisattachedtoaword,thewordoftenhasanewpartofspeech(词性).Forexample,friendly,quickly.前缀1.mono-(在元音前为mon-)uni-(在元音前为un-):
one,single一,单arch统治者monarchn.君主monarchyn.君主制gam婚姻monogamyn.一夫一妻制logue说话monologuen.独白ton声音monotonousa.单调的-life/rhythmgraph写monographn.专著oxide氧化物monoxiden.一氧化物carbon-poly卖monopolyn.垄断monopolizev.垄断-themarketn一、表示数量的前缀(prefixesindicatingfigures)nuni-nChinaUnicom/Mobile/Telecomnunifyv.使统一unifyacountrynunificationn.统一nuniquea.独一无二的,独特的(auniquestamp)nunityn.一体familyunity家庭和睦nform形式uniforma.一致的;n.制服nbricksofuniformsize大小一样的砖npoliceuniform警服nschooluniform校服nlateral边unilateral单边的aunilateraldecision单方面的决定n2.bi-,di-,ambi-:
twoncycle圈,环bicycle,bicyclist,gocycling,cyclistnlateral边bilateralagreement/treatynmonthlya.一月一次的,n.月刊nbimonthlya.两月一次的,n.双月刊nlingual语言bilingualeducation双语教育nenn年biennialconference两年一次的会议nann年biannual一年两次的abiannualeventngam婚姻bigamist重婚者ndi-noxide氧化物dioxiden.二氧化物carbondioxide二氧化碳nlemma见解,主张dilemman.进退两难的窘境nHewasfacedwiththedilemmaofwhetherornottoreturntohiscountry.nambi-nval价值ambivalenta.心情矛盾的(既爱又恨的)nambivalencen.心情矛盾Sheremainedambivalentabouthermarriage.gu引导ambiguousa.模棱两可的anambiguousanswerambiguityn.模棱两可n3.tri-:
threenangle角triangle三角形agirlinlovetrianglewithTomandJacktriangular三角形的ncycle圈,环tricycle三轮车ntriplea.三倍的triplejump三级跳nv.增加三倍Thecompanytripleditsprofitslastyear.nlateral边trilateral三边的n4.quadri-(元音前为quadr-):
fournquadrangle四角形nquadrennial四年一次的thequadrennialOlympicGamesnquarterlyn5.deca-:
tendeci-:
one-tenthndecade十年threedecadesnThepastthreedecadeshavewitnessedahugechangeinChinesesociety.ndecimetern.分米ndecibeln.分贝nn6.centi-(元音前为cent-):
onehundred(th)ngrade级,度centigrade百度制,摄氏npede足centipede蜈蚣ncentimeter厘米ncenturypercentncentennial百年的ThecentennialOlympicswasheldinAtlanta.n7.kilo-,milli-(元音前为mill-):
onethousand(th)nmeter米kilometer千米,公里kmngram克kilogram公斤kgnwatt瓦特kilowatt千瓦nvolt伏特kilovolt千伏ncalorie卡路里kilocalorie千卡nmilligram毫克nmillimeter毫米nmillennial千年的millennium千年nManypeoplerefertotheyear2000astheMillennium.n8.mega-(元音前为meg-)兆nhertz赫兹megahertz兆赫nbit比特,字节megabit兆比特128mb二、表示空间方位的前缀(prefixesindicatingspatialposition)n1.上over-,super-,sur-,nover-在上noveralla.总体的,全面的n-improvementinthemanagementnovercomev.克服-thedifficultiesnoverflowv.溢满Theriveroverflewitsbank.noverheada./ad.anlightnAplaneflewoverhead.noverlapv.重叠overlappinginvestmentnoverlookv.忽视Suchmistakeisoftenoverlooked.n俯视overlookthewholecitynoverpassn.天桥apedestrianoverpass人行天桥n注:
nover-还有excessive(“过度的”)意思noverworkv.劳累过度nThefarmerworkersareoverworkedbutunderpaid.noversleepv.睡过头Hewaslateforworkbecauseofoversleeping.noveremphasizev.过分强调nTheimportanceoflearningEnglishcanneverbeoveremphasized.noverestimatev.高估underestimatev.低估nsuper-在上,超过nstructure结构superstructure上层建筑nvise看supervise监督nsuperficiala.肤浅的Ihaveonlya-knowledgeoflaw.nsuperiorn./a.上级(的)myimmediate-我的顶头上司nHeworkswellwiththose-tohiminthecompany.nsuperiorityn.优越性complex优越感inferioritycomplex自卑感nsupermann.超人nsupermarketn.nsuperstarn.nsonic音的supersonica.超音速的a-planensupernaturala.超自然的forces/powers/eventsnsur-在上,超nface面surface表面theoftheearthnname名surname姓(=familyname,lastname)npass过surpass超过onesexpectationsnplus加surplusa.剩余的value剩余价值nn.顺差trade贸易顺差n2.下sub-,under-,nsub-:
undernsubwayn.地铁(英国人用underground)nmarine海洋的submarinen.潜艇nconscious有意的subconsciousn./a.潜意识(的)nstandard标准的substandarda.低于标准的(nonstandarda.不标准的)nscribe写subscribe订阅toamagazinenmerge融合submergev.淹没besubmergedbythefloodnsubmitvi.屈服submittosb.nvt.提交submitareporttosb.nsubordinatea.下级的;从属的nsubstituten.代替者aforsb./sth.nv.代替Hesubstitutedfortheinjuredplayer.nsubtractv.减去Subtract3from9andyouhave6.n(加add;乘multiply;除divide)nsuburbn.郊区intheofthecityn(同义词outskirts,但是搭配的介词不同ontheoutskirtsofthecity)nunder-在下;不足nunderlinevt.在下面划线theunderlinedwordsnunderdeveloped不发达的countries不发达国家欠发达国家lessdevelopedcountriesnundergraduaten.本科生nundergovt.经历,遭受amajoroperationnunderlyinga.潜在的anmeaning内在的含义nunderminevt.暗中破坏shetriedtoourfriendship.nundertakevt.承担theimpossiblemissionnunderwearn.内衣,衬衣nunderneathprep.在下面putyournametheaddress.n3.前fore-,pre-,pro-cast投forecastn./v.预测,预报weather,thefuturetell告诉foretellv.预言foretellthefuturesee看见foreseev.预见,先见foresightn.先见forem
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