届高考英语第一轮提能练习题.docx
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届高考英语第一轮提能练习题.docx
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届高考英语第一轮提能练习题
必修五Unit1高考提能练
阅读理解·组块专练——练速度
(限时:
35分钟)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2018·太原市高三第二学段测评)You’reprobablyheardaboutsportscoaches,fitnesscoaches,voiceandmusicteachers,careercounselors,psychiatrists(精神科医师)andotherspecialistswhoteachskillsandhelpuscopewithdailylife.
Butthere’sarapidlygrowingkindofprofessionalswhodoalittlebitofeverything.Sheorheiscalleda“life_coach”.Peoplewhoareatthecrossroadsintheirlife,andcorporationsthatwanttogivecertainemployeesacareerboost,areturningtothemforhelp.
Theideathatoneperson’ssuccessstorycanchangeotherpeople’slifeforthebettergoesbackatleasttothe1930s.DaleCarnegie’sfamousselfimprovementprogram“HowtoWinFriendsandInfluencePeople”camealongsoonthereafter.
Butthisnewstyleoflifecoachesincludesmorethanenthusiasticspeakersorwriters.Theyusetheirownexperiencesinbusiness,sports,militaryservice,orpsychotherapy(心理疗法)tohelpothersmakecriticallifedecisions.Theyoftengivetheirapproachesaslogan,suchas“energycoaching”“fearlessliving”or“workingyourselfhappy”.
DaveLakhaniinBoise,Idaho,forinstance,workswithsalespeopletodevelopwhathecallsa“roadmap”.Hesaysanongoingrelationshipwithacoachislikehavingapersonalfitnesstrainerforone’scareerandlifeoutsidework.
Lakhani’sBoldApproachcoachingfirmalsodonatessomeofitstimetohelppeoplewhoareanythingbutsuccessful—includingbatteredwomenandstrugglingsinglemothers.
Butothersinthesocalled“helpfulprofessions”arenotthrilledaboutthelifecoachingmovement.Theysaythatanyone,trainedoruntrained,cancallhimselforherselfalifecoach,andtheseslick(华而不实的)promoterswhomesswithpeople’slifecandomoreharmthangood.
语篇解读:
当你处于人生的重要时刻时,当你想让公司里某些职员的事业得以提升时,你可以求助于人生教练,他们能帮助你做出人生中的重大决定。
1.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?
A.WorkingYourselfHappy
B.LifeCoachesHelpwithToughDecisions
C.HowtoCopewithDailyLifewithLifeCoaches
D.TheLifecoachingMovement
解析:
选B 标题归纳题。
本文主要介绍了人生教练正成为受人们欢迎的专业人才,他们能帮助那些面临人生重大抉择的人做出决定。
B项最具有概括性。
2.Theunderlinedphrase“lifecoach”inParagraph2means“________”.
A.thecareercounselorwhoteachesskills
B.thepsychiatristwhohelpsuscopewithdailylife
C.thefitnesscoachwhoteachesuslessons
D.thespecialistwhohelpsusmakeimportantlifedecisions
解析:
选D 词义猜测题。
根据第二段的最后一句及第三段的内容可知,“lifecoach”是指帮助我们做出人生重大决定的专家。
3.Thelastparagraphismainlyabout________.
A.theintroductionsoflifecoaches
B.thedisagreementsaboutlifecoaches
C.theeffectsoflifecoaches
D.theexperiencesoflifecoaches
解析:
选B 段落大意题。
根据最后一段中的“Theysay...candomoreharmthangood.”可知,一些人对人生教练持否定的态度,认为人生教练可能给人们的生活带来的伤害大于益处,因此选择B项。
4.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardslifecoaches?
A.Cautious. B.Approving.
C.Casual.D.Disapproving.
解析:
选A 观点态度题。
作者在文章中客观地对人生教练进行了介绍,既介绍了他们的职业优势,也提及了一些人对他们的否定态度,因此作者对人生教练的态度是严谨的。
cautious“严谨的,谨慎的”;approving“赞成的”;casual“随意的,漠不关心的”;disapproving“不赞成的”。
B
(2018·商丘市高三第二次模拟考试)China’sfamousscientist,theClothShoesAcademicianLiXiaowenpassedawayonJanuary10th,2018inBeijingattheageof68.Hundredsofthousandsofnetizenssanghighpraiseforhimonline,showingtheirrespecttotheleadingauthorityinremotesensingfield.FollowingLiXiaowen’slastwish,hisfamilyheldasimplefuneralforhim,whilemanyadmirersfromalloverthecountrycametothefuneralforremembrance.SomenationalleadersincludingPremierLiKeqiangalsosentawreath.
LiwasaprofessoratBeijingNormalUniversityandanacademicianoftheChineseAcademyofSciences.Hisresearchachievementshaveadvancedthedevelopmentofremotesensingscience,andmadeChinaoneoftheleadersinthisfield.HealsoreceivedseveralfamousscienceprizesfromChina.Hepublished1,878essaysonhisblogsince2007.AllhisstudentshavethumbeduptoLiforhiscontributionstothedevelopmentofremotesensing.Hewasknowntoeveryoneintheremotesensingcircle,butwasimpressiveonnetizensforaphoto.
Inrecentyears,ProfessorLi’squietandselfeffacingbehaviorwasrecognizedthroughsocialmedia.In2018,aphotographofAcademicianLiwastakenbyhisstudent,inwhichhewasattentivelymakingalecturewithshabbyclothes,grizzledhairandstragglingbeard,withoutsocks,andwearingblackclothshoes.Helookedlikeanoldvillager,ratherthanafamousscientist.ThephotobecamepopularontheInternetandearnedhimthetitleofthe“ClothShoesAcademician”.Hissimpleplainimage,kindnesstoallhisstudentsanddedicationtohiscareerarethreeimportantfeaturesonhim.Alltheseareprecioustocationalandacademiccommunity.
“ThesocietyischangeablebutAcademicianLiisquiet.Hefacedallstuffwithhischaractersofquietnessandsimplicity.Itisclearthathehasbecomethe’TeacherImmortal’.”saidGeYuejing,aseniorleaderofBeijingNormalUniversity.
语篇解读:
本文讲述了“布鞋院士”李小文的成就和人们对他的评价。
5.WhywasLiXiaowenpopularwithnetizens?
A.Hehadgreatachievementswhilehelivedasimplelife.
B.Hehadhighsocialstatuswhileheworeshabbyclothes.
C.Hewasfamousintheworldwhilehewaskindtostudents.
D.Hewaspoorwhilehededicatedmuchtohiscareer.
解析:
选A 推理判断题。
根据第一段第二句中的“showingtheirrespecttotheleadingauthority...”可知李小文成就卓越;根据第三句中的“FollowingLiXiaowen’slastwish,hisfamilyheldasimplefuneralforhim”以及下文中提到他穿着简单朴素可推知他生活俭朴。
故选A项。
6.Thesecondparagraphmainlytellsus________.
A.whyLiXiaowenwascalledthe“ClothShoesAcademician”
B.howLiXiaowenwaslovedbyhisstudents
C.howLiXiaowendidhisresearch
D.whatachievementsLiXiaowenhasmade
解析:
选D 段落大意题。
第二段主要讲了李小文的成就。
7.WhichstatementisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?
A.PremierLiKeqiangcametoLiXiaowen’sfuneral.
B.AgoodteacherneedstopublishessaysontheInternet.
C.SocialmediamadeProfessorLiXiaowenworldfamous.
D.ProfessorLi’sattitudetolifeandhiscareerearnedhimselfhighpraiseandrespect.
解析:
选D 细节理解题。
根据文章第三段的最后两句可知答案为D项。
C
(2018·河北普通毕业班质量检查)Theterm“smog”wasfirstusedinLondonduringtheearly1900’stodescribethecombinationofsmokeandfog.Whatwetypicallycall“smog”todayisamixtureofpollutantsbutisprimarilymadeupofgroundlevelozone(臭氧).
Ozonecanbebeneficialorharmfuldependingonwhereitstays.TheozonestayinghighabovetheEarthprotectshumanhealthandtheenvironment,butgroundlevelozoneisresponsibleforthechoking,coughing,andpainfuleyesassociatedwithsmog.Theozoneinsmogalsopreventsplantsgrowthandcancausewidespreaddamagetocropsandforest.
Majorsmogoccurrencesoftenarelinkedtoheavymotorvehicletraffic,hightemperatures,sunshine,andcalmwinds.Weatherandgeographyaffectthepositionandseverityofsmog.Becausetemperatureregulatesthelengthoftimeittakesforsmogtoform,smogcanformfasterandbemoresevereonahotandsunnyday.Whenwarmairstaysnearthegroundinsteadofrisingandwindsarecalm,smogmaystaytrappedoveryourcityfordays.Astrafficandothersourcesaddmorepollutantstotheair,thesmoggetsworse.Smogisoftenmoresevereawayfromthepollutionsourcesbecausethechemicalreactionsthatcausesmogoccurintheatmospherewhilethereactingchemicalsarebeingmovedbythewind.
Smogisavisibleexampleofairpollution.Youcanlookintothedistanceduringthedaytoseehowmuchsmogthereisintheair.Inaddition,mostcitiesmeasuretheconcentrationsofpollutantsintheairandreporttheresultstothepublic.
EnvironmentalProtectionAgencysetsnationalstandardsforpollutants.Areasthatfailtomeetthestandardsforatleastoneairpollutantarecalled“nonattainment(不达标)areas”.Newmeasuresarebeingtakenbylocalgovernmentsacrossthecountrytorceairpollutioninnonattainmentareas.Theseinclude:
banningcharcoalbarbecuesandwoodburninginstovesorfireplaceswhenpollutionlevelsarehigh;developingprogramstoencouragecarpoolingandvoluntary“ozoneactions”;limitingtrafficinovercrowdedareas;expandingorimprovingpublictransportationsystems;requiringemployerstocontributetoemployeepublictransportationcosts;assessing“smogfees”oncarsaccordingtothenumberofmilesdrivenandvehicleemissions(排放)produced;andevenbuyingandbreakingupolder“superdirty”cars.
语篇解读:
本文是一篇说明文。
文章主要谈论了烟雾的形成原因、危害以及地方政府针对这一现象所采取的应对措施。
8.Accordingtothepassage,groundlevelozonecan________.
A.damagetheenvironment
B.benefithumanhealth
C.protectcropsandforest
D.limitthespreadofsmog
解析:
选A 细节理解题。
根据第二段中的“...butgroundlevelozoneis...damagetocropsandforest.”可知,地平面上的臭氧对环境和人体是有坏处的。
故选A。
9.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?
A.Airqualityisbetterintimeofcalmwind.
B.Smogismoreseverenearpollutionsources.
C.Ittakesmoretimeforsmogtoforminhotweather.
D.Chemicalreactionsoccurinthemovingairandcausesmog.
解析:
选D 正误判断题。
根据第三段最后一句中的“becausethechemicalreactions...bythewind”可知,化学反应在流动的空气里发生并且导致了烟雾。
故选D。
10.Whichindicationshowsmoreexacttheairispoor?
A.Heavymotorvehicletrafficinbigcities.
B.Widespreaddamageofcropsandforest.
C.Clearoutlinesofhillsinthedistance.
D.Highconcentrationsofpollutantsintheair.
解析:
选D 细节理解题。
根据第四段最后一句可知,空气中高浓度的污染物能较准确地表明空气质量差。
故选D。
11.Whatisincludedinthemeasuresbeingtakenbythelocalgovernments?
A.Unconditionalbanningofwoodburning.
B.Encouragingcarpoolingandpublictransportation.
C.Chargingallthevehiclesmore“smogfees”.
D.Buyingnewcarstoreplacesuperdirtyoldcars.
解析:
选B 细节理解题。
根据最后一段中的“developingprogramstoencouragecarpooling...”以及“expandingorimprovingpublictransportationsystems”可知,地方政府采取的措施包括鼓励人们拼车,扩大和改进公共交通运输体系等。
故选B。
D
(2018·石家庄高三教学质检二)If
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