论文1稿孙震欣yyj已阅.docx

论文1稿孙震欣yyj已阅.docx

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论文1稿孙震欣yyj已阅

云南大学旅游文化学院本科生学年论文

题目：

AComparativeStudyofEnglishandChinesePoliteLanguage

      专业班级：

英语四班

      作者姓名：

孙震欣

      作者学号：

 20101201415               

      指导教师：

杨勇坚

      撰文时间：

2013-12-10

云南大学旅游文化学院毕业论文（设计）诚信承诺书

我承诺：

1.本人在毕业论文（设计）撰写过程中遵守学校有关规定，恪守学术规范，毕业论文（设计）是在指导教师的指导下独立完成。

2.本人的毕业论文（设计）内容除特别注明和引用外，均为本人观点。

文中所有引用他人观点、材料、数据、图表均已注释说明来源。

3.论文（设计）所使用的相关资料、数据、观点等均真实可靠；无抄袭、剽窃或不正当引用他人学术观点、思想和学术成果，伪造、篡改数据的情况。

4.本人知道学校对毕业论文（设计）中的抄袭、剽窃、弄虚作假等违反学术规范的行为将严肃处理。

如有违规行为发生，我愿承担一切责任，接受学校的处理，并承担相应的法律责任。

承诺人签名:

孙震欣

2013年12月8日

Acknowledgements

MycollegestudyatTourismandCultureCollegeofYunnanUniversitywillsooncometoanend.Graduationthesisisaveryimportantpartofcollegestudy,atthecompletionofmygraduationaricle,Iwishtoexpressmysincereappreciationtoallthosewhohaveofferedmeinvaluablehelpduringthefouryearsofmyundergraduatestudyhere.

First,Iwouldliketoexpressmygreatthankstomyteacherwhoencouragedmeandgavemeadvice.Shereadandrevisedmythesisoverandover.Withoutherhelpandguidance,thisthesiscouldnothavereacheditspresentform.Thankyouverymuchforyourhardworkduringsuchalongtime.

Next,Iwillowemysinceregratitudetomyfriendswhohelpedmetofindinformationfrombooks,websites,andintroducedseveralrelatedmaterialstome.

Lastly,mythankswouldgotomybelovedfamilyfortheirlovingconsiderationsandgreatconfidenceinmeallthroughthesefouryears.

Contents

Introduction…………………………………………………………………i

Abstract………………………………………………………………………ii

摘要…………………………………………………………………………iii

1.ThePolitenessPrincipleofBrownandLevinsion……………………1

1.1TheFunctionofPoliteness……………………………………………1

1.2ThePrincipleofPoliteness……………………………………………1

1.3TheSignificationofPoliteness’Research……………………………2

2.TheDifferenceinSocialContact………………………………………3

2.1InThanksandReplies…………………………………………………3

2.2InRequestandReplies…………………………………………………4

2.3InComplimentsandResponses………………………………………4

2.4InApologiesandReplies………………………………………………5

2.5InGreetingandFarewells……………………………………………5

3.TheDifferenceinInterpersonalCommunication……………………6

3.1InAddressing…………………………………………………………6

3.2InHonorifics…………………………………………………………8

3.3InTaboos……………………………………………………………8

3.4InEuphemism………………………………………………………9

Conclusion…………………………………………………………………10

Bibliography………………………………………………………………11

Abstract“摘要”应当放在Intoduction的前面！

Abstract：

Politeness,Asauniversalphenomenoninsociety,which（此词与前面的Politeness无法成句子！

）mainfunctionsaremaintainingsocialorder;maintainingfriendlyinterpersonalrelations;reducingconflictsandmisunderstandingsbymeansofpolitespeechactsastoattaintheaimofcommunication.Differentculturesmayleadtodifferentpragmaticpoliteness.Thecomparativestudyof EnglishandChineselanguage（此处缺词）inpolitenesscanhelpEnglishlearnersinChinatolearnEnglishlanguagewell,andimprovetheirabilitiesofinterculturalcommunication.

Keywords：

Culture;Politeness;Pragmaticdifference

摘要：

礼貌，作为人类社会一种普遍存在的现象，其主要功能就是运用礼貌的语言行为来维护社会秩序，建立和保持良好的人际关系，避免交际中不必要的误会与冲突，达到交际的目的。

礼貌与文化有着密切的关系。

文化不同，语用礼貌也会有所不同。

英汉礼貌用语的语用差异研究将会帮助中国的英语学习者更透彻地了解英美文化，更好地掌握英语语言，提高他们的跨文化交际能力。

关键词：

文化；礼貌；用语差异

Introduction

Politenessisaveryimportanttopicinmodernlinguistics.Withthedevelopmentofthestudyoflinguistics,alotofpeoplelaytheemphasisonthestudyofpolitelanguage.Itcanbeobservedinalllanguagesandculturesasasocialphenomenon,whichplaysanimportantroleinindividuals'linguisticbehavior.Butduetodifferent（语法错误→）cultures,differentpolitenessprinciplesandotherreasons,differentpeoplehavedifferentunderstandings（错误→）inthedefinitionofpoliteness,andtheydealwithpolitenessindifferentways.Fromdifferentstudybackground,principleandtheory,thispaperfocusesonthepolitelanguageinEnglishandChinese（语法错误→）cultureswhichresultinthedifferences.Politelanguagesaremainlyexpressedintheformsofaddress,greeting,congratulation,appreciationandapology.Politelanguage,isnotonlysomelanguage'scharacteristicitself,itbutalso（这里缺乏与左边“notonly”搭配的词）reflectsanationality'sculturalqualityandthetutelage.Thepeople（语法错误→）whocontactswiththeEnglishandAmericanswill haveacommonfeeling:

 TheEnglishandAmericanwhopayattentiontopolitenessverymuch.Ourcountryisanancientnation;ithasfinetraditionwhichis knownasthecountryofceremonies.Withglobalizationandmoreinternational contactsexpression,（大小写错误→）inboththeEastandtheWestcultures,politenesshaslongbeenregardedasanindispensablepartoflanguage.Thereexistsawide-ranginguseofpolitenessandpolitelanguagethathaveclearlydemonstratedpeople'sfondnessandimportanceofhisparticularlinguisticsdevice.Also,incultureof EnglishandChinese.Politenesshasthesamesocialfunctionsinthesetwodifferentcultures,buttheyaredifferentinpracticaluse.

小孙，你论文的英语表达存在下例问题（见文中黄色字体部分）：

1）缺空格，2）不应空格而空格，3）标点符号错误，4）拼写错误，5）用词错误，6）语法错误，7）语义表达不清,8）语义有逻辑错误，9）观点逻辑错误等问题。

请认真修改。

（请一定要用此稿修改，并且用红色字体修改！

）

——杨勇坚

1.ThePolitenessPrincipleofBrownandLevinsion

Inmanylanguagecommunities,whensomeonemakesasmallrequesttotheothers,hewouldoftenusesomeidenticallanguagewhenhementionalargerrequest,hewillusesomerelativelyformallanguage（suchasindirectlanguage,apologizefortheirinstitution,etc.）;Whentheyarenotsureiftheycan makethesamerequest,hewillusemoreindirectexpression,（suchconversation:

"It'llbenicerifit'sabitmoresalty."）,Intheabovecircumstances,weshouldusepoliteexpressionstorespectourselvesandtheothers.Weshoulduse politelanguage, ouraimis keepinggood socialrelationshipbetweenthetwosides,whichenablescommunicationtogosmoothlyinfriendlyatmosphere,andthecommunicative goalwillberealized.

1.1Thefunctionofpoliteness

Asauniversalphenomenoninsociety,politeness’mainfunctionsaremaintainingsocialorder;maintainingfriendlyinterpersonalrelations;reducingconflictsandmisunderstandingsbymeansofpolitespeechactsastoattaintheaimofcommunication.

1.2Theprinciplesofpoliteness

LeechproposesPolitenessPrincipleanditssix maxims:

（1）TACTMAXIM（inappositives’andcommissives）    

（a）Minimizecostto other

（b）Maximize benefittoother

（2）GENEROSITY MAXIM（inexpressiveanassertive）

（a）Minimizebenefittoself

（b）Maximizecosttoself

（缺空格、及拼写错误→）（3）APPROBATION MAXIM（inexpressiveandassertive）

（a）Minimizedispraise of other

（b）Maximize praiseofother

（4）MODESTY MAXIM（inexpressiveandassertive）

（a）Minimizepraise of self

（b）Maximizedispraiseof self

（5）AGREEMENTMAXIM（inassertive）

（a）Minimizedisagreementbetweenselfandother

（b）Maximizeagreementbetweenselfandother

（6）SYMPATHYMAXIM（inassertive）

（a）Minimize antipathy betweenselfandother

（b）Maximize sympathybetweenselfandother

Ofthesixmaxims,

（1）and

（2）goinpairs,theyarebothusedinappositivesandcommissives.Thedifferenceisthat

（1）dealswiththebenefitandcostofothers,while

（2）dealswiththebenefitandcostof self.Accordingtothesetwomaxims,"Icanlendyoumybike."Ispolite?

While"youcanlendmeyourbike?

”isimpolite?

（3）And（4）alsogoinpairs.AccordingtoApprobationMaxim,youshouldpraiseotherswhenitisnecessaryandavoidsayingunpleasantthingsaboutothers.So”Whatamarvelousmealyoucooked."ishighlyvalued,while”Whatanawfulmealyoucooked."isnot.It'sbettertoexpressregret（I'msorrytosay---）andpartialagreement（Yes,inaway,but---）beforedisagreeingwithothers.Sympathymaximexplainswhycongratulationsandcondolencesarecourteousspeechacts.

1.3Thesignification ofpoliteness' research

 politenessoflanguageplaysanimportantroleinlinguisticsstudy.Sociallinguisticsexplorestheimpactofthesocialcontractandcultureoflanguage, while politenessisadirectreflectionofthesefactors.BrownandLevinson'sstudiesshowthatpeopledeterminetheirownpolitenesslevelonthebasisofthefollowingthreefactors.First,thesocialdistancebetweenspeaksandlisteners.Thisgreaterthedistanceis,thehigherthedegreeofpolitenessis.Forexample,peoplearemorepolitewhentheyspeakerstostrangersthanto theirfriends.Second,thedistributionofpowersbetweenthetwosides,itdecidesthedegreeofpoliteness,thegreaterthelistener'spoweris,themorepolitethe speaker's language.Third,becauseofculturaldifferences,peoplehavedifferentviewsontheimpositionandacceptance. Theyareverysensitivetothelanguageofculturalcommunitiesthanotherlanguageofculturalsociety.Therefore, politenesslikesamirror; linguistscanbetterpeekattherelationshipbetweenlanguageandsocietythroughthestudyofsomeproblem.

（前面顺序已经是Third，这里还是第二吗？

）Thestudy ofpolitenessisveryimportantforEnglishteaching.（语言若未学好，何以表示礼仪？

用“哼哈”表示吗？

皮之不存，毛将附焉？

此观点不对！

传统教学不是这样的，这是欲加之罪！

→）{TraditionalEnglishteachingfocusedonlanguageformatandstructure,focused onvocabulary,grammar,andotherbasiclanguageskills,butneglected thesocialfunctionoflanguage.Thispedagogytrainedstudentstousethelanguagemoreaccurately,butitwillnotuselanguageappropriately.}

2.TheDifferencesinSocialContact

2.1Inthanksandreplies

InbothEnglishandChinesethereareexpressionsofgratitude.Forexample,thereareinEnglish”Thankyou,Manythanks,Thankyouverymuch,Thankyouallthesame,I’mreallyappreciativeofyourtime,It’sverykindofyoutoofferhelp,I’mgratefulforwhatyouhavedoneforme,Ican'tthankyouenough,inChinesethereare"谢谢，谢谢您，非常感谢，万分感谢，真不知道怎么感谢你才好，多谢了，谢谢你的好意"andmanyothers.Itseems