届高考英语一轮复习分块专项练习10阅读理解细节理解二.docx
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届高考英语一轮复习分块专项练习10阅读理解细节理解二.docx
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届高考英语一轮复习分块专项练习10阅读理解细节理解二
阅读理解:
细节理解
(二)
A
Takingashowerisrelaxing.Youcanhumasong,daydreamorthinkaboutnothing,leavingtherealworldbehindyou.Butdidyouknowthatshoweringcanalsobenefityourmind?
AresearchbyScottBarryKaufman,apsychologistfromYaleUniversityintheU.S.interviewedover3,000peoplearoundtheworld.Itturnedoutthatnearlytwothirdsoftheintervieweessaidtheyhadexperiencednewideasintheshowerandweremorelikelytohavethemintheshowerthanatwork.
Sowhydoesasimpleshowerhavesuchmagicpower?
Sciencecanexplainit.
Showeringcanhelptoraiseourlevelofdopamine,ahormone(荷尔蒙)closelyrelatedtoourcreativity.“Peoplevaryintermsoftheirlevelofcreativityaccordingtotheactivityofdopamine,”explainedAliceFlaherty,afamousAmericanneuroscientist.“Takingawarmshowercanmakeusfeelrelaxedandthereforemakethedopaminelevelriseandbring‘Aha!
’momenttous.”
Besidesthechemicalchanges,showeringmaygiveyouabreakfromwhatyoufeelyouhavebeenstuckwith.Especiallywhenyouhavethoughthardalldayaboutaproblem,jumpingintotheshowercankeepyoufromtheoutsideworldsothatyoucanfocusonyourinnerfeelingsandmemories.Inthisway,accordingtoAmericanpsychologistShelleyH.Carson,authorofYourCreativeBrain,“Ashoweringhourmayturnintoan‘incubation(孵化)period’foryourideas.”
Comparedwithsittinginfrontofacomputer,takingashowerissomethingwedolessfrequentlyinourdailylife.Whenshowering,wegetafreshexperiencewiththechangeoflocation,temperatureandhumidity.“Newandunexpectedexperiencescanleadtopositivechangesinthinking,”explainedKaufman.“Gettingoffthecouchandjumpingintheshowermaycreateadistanceandforceyoutothinkfromanewpointofview.”
Showeringallowsustoenjoythecreativejuicesofourminds,butitneedn'tjustbethebathroomwhereyougetyourinspiration.Forinstance,GertrudeStein,afemaleAmericanwriterandpoet,gotnewideasbydrivingaroundafarmandstoppingatdifferentcowsuntilshefoundtheonethatmostinspiredher.Sotrytocreateyourownwaytofreeyourmind.
1.Accordingtothearticle,whatchangescanshoweringcause?
A.Bringingtheterriblemomenttous.
B.Settingthecreativepartofthebrainfree.
C.Leadingtoboredomortiredness.
D.Increasingthelevelofdopamine.
解析:
选D 细节理解题。
根据第四段第一句“Showeringcanhelptoraiseourlevelofdopamine...”可知,淋浴能够使多巴胺的数值升高。
故选D项。
2.Ifonehasfocusedonsomethingallday,showeringcanhelp________.
A.turnone'sattentioninward
B.drawone'sattentiontotheoutsideworld
C.makeanimportantbreakthrough
D.manychemicalchangestotakeplace
解析:
选A 细节理解题。
根据第五段第二句“Especiallywhenyouhavethoughthard...yourinnerfeelingsandmemories.”可知,淋浴可以使人将注意力转向内心。
故选A项。
3.AccordingtoKaufman,whycantakingshowersmakeuscreative?
A.Becausetakingshowershappensmoreoften.
B.Becausetakingshowerscanmakeusacquireafreshexperience,inspiringus.
C.Becausenothingbuttakingshowerscangetourinspiration.
D.Becausetakingshowerscanhelpustrysomethingunexpected.
解析:
选B 细节理解题。
根据第六段中的“Whenshowering,wegetafreshexperience”及“leadtopositivechangesinthinking”,再结合最后一段的描述可知,淋浴可以帮助我们获得新的体验、赋予我们灵感,故选B项。
4.TheexampleofGertrudeSteininthelastparagraphisusedto________.
A.encouragereaderstofindtheirownwaysofgettinginspiration
B.pointouttoreadersthatit'shardtogetinspiration
C.explainhowtolinkinspirationwithreaders'dailylives
D.showthatcreativityoftencomesfromstrangeplaces
解析:
选A 推理判断题。
根据最后一段中的“butitneedn'tjustbethebathroomwhereyougetyourinspiration”及最后一句“Sotrytocreateyourownwaytofreeyourmind.”可以判断,举该例是为了鼓励读者寻找适合自己的获得灵感的方式。
故选A项。
B
(2018·广西桂林十八中模拟)Noonecandenythatbuttonsareanimportantclothingdevice.But,cantheyrisetothelevelofart?
OrganizersofanexhibitinNewYorkCitythinkso.
PeterSouleoWrightorganized“TheButtonShow”atRushArtsGalleryintheChelseaneighborhoodofManhattan.Elevenartistsusedthesmall,ordinaryobjectstocreatesculptures,portraitsandwearableart.Someoftheworksarepolitical,somearepersonalandothersarejustfun.
Wrightsaideachartistreimaginesandrepurposesthebuttonstomakeart.“WhatItriedtodowiththisshow,”hesaid,“wastolookatartistswhowerepromotingthatlevelofcraft.”
Hesaidhewantedthebuttonarttobecomparabletoapainting“becauseoftheamountofdetailandprecisioninthework”.
ArtistBeauMcCallproduced“AHarlemHangover”.Itlookslikeawinebottlethatfelloveronatable.Astreamofconnectedredbuttonshangovertheside,likewineflowingdown.Similarredbuttonsformasmallpoolonthefloor.
McCalllayersbuttonsofdifferentshapesandsizestocreatethebottle.Thestitchingthatholdsthemtogetherisalsopartoftheartisticdesign.
ForSanFranciscobasedartistLisaKokin,buttonsarehighlypersonal.Afterherfatherdiedin2001,shecreatedaportraitofhimusingonlybuttons.Thatmemorialtoherfatherledtootherbuttonportraits,includingthoseofactivistsRosaParksandCesarChavez.
Othersusebuttonsfordetails.ArtistAmaliaAmakiofTuscaloosa,Alabama,placedthemonandaroundoldphotographs.LosAngelesartistCamillaTaylorattachedbuttonstothreelargesculpturesthatlooklikeheadlessanimalswithlong,narrowlegs.
“TheButtonShow”endsatMarch12.TheRushPhilanthropicArtsFoundationpaidfortheexhibition.Thefoundationwascreatedin1995bytheSimmonsbrothers:
artistDanny,hiphopproducerRussellandrapperReverendRun.Thefoundationseekstobringtheartiststourbanyouthandtoprovidesupportfornewartists.
语篇解读:
文章介绍了纽约艺术家们组织的一场特殊的纽扣展览,在展览中人们见到了许多有创意的艺术品。
1.WhydidWrightorganize“TheButtonShow”?
A.Toshowtheimportanceofbuttons.
B.Tosupportthenewartists.
C.Toraisethebuttonshowtothelevelofart.
D.Tocreatesculpturesandportraits.
解析:
选C 细节理解题。
根据第一段最后两句“But,cantheyrisetothelevelofart?
OrganizersofanexhibitinNewYorkCitythinkso.”和第二段中的“PeterSouleoWrightorganized‘TheButtonShow’”可知,赖特组织“纽扣展”的目的是将纽扣展上升到艺术水平。
故选C项。
2.Whoseworksarepersonal?
A.PeterSouleoWright.B.BeauMcCall.
C.LisaKokin.D.AmaliaAmaki.
解析:
选C 细节理解题。
根据倒数第三段第一句“ForSanFranciscobasedartistLisaKokin,buttonsarehighlypersonal.”可知,对于莉萨·科金来说纽扣是高度私人化的东西。
故选C项。
3.Ifyouwanttosee“TheButtonShow”,youshould________.
A.buyticketsbeforeMarch12
B.phonePeterSouleoWrightbeforeMarch12
C.gotoRushArtsGallery
D.gototheRushPhilanthropicArtsFoundation
解析:
选C 细节理解题。
根据第二段第一句“PeterSouleoWrightorganized‘TheButtonShow’atRushArtsGalleryintheChelseaneighborhoodofManhattan.”可知,赖特组织的纽扣展是在RushArtsGallery。
故选C项。
C
Tousitseemssonaturaltoputupanumbrellatokeepthewateroffwhenitrains,butactuallytheumbrellawasnotinventedasprotectionagainsttherain.Itsfirstusewasasashadeagainstthesun!
Nobodyknowswhofirstinventedit,buttheumbrellawasusedinveryancienttimes.ProbablythefirsttouseitweretheChineseinthe11thcenturyBC.
WeknowthattheumbrellawasusedinancientEgyptandBabylonasasunshade.Andtherewasastrangethingconnectedwithitsuse:
itbecameasymbolofhonor.IntheFarEastinancienttimes,theumbrellawasallowedtobeusedonlybythoseinhighoffice.
InEurope,theGreekswerethefirsttousetheumbrellaasasunshade.AndtheumbrellawascommonlyusedinancientGreece.ButitisbelievedthatthefirstpersonsinEuropetousetheumbrellaasprotectionagainsttherainweretheancientRomans.
DuringtheMiddleAges,theuseofumbrellapracticallydisappeared.ThenitappearedagaininItalyinthelate16thcentury.Andagainitwasconsideredasasymbolofpower.By1680,theumbrellaappearedinFranceandlaterinEngland.
Bythe18thcentury,theumbrellawasusedagainstrainthroughoutmostofEurope.
Umbrellashavenotchangedmuchinstyleduringallthistime,thoughtheyhavebecomemuchlighterinweight.Itwasn'tuntilthetwentiethcenturythatwomen'sumbrellasbegantobemade,inawholevarietyofcolors.
篇章导读:
本文是一篇说明文。
文章主要介绍了伞最初产生时的用途以及其后来的演变。
1.Accordingtothispassage,theumbrellawasprobablyfirstinventedinancient________.
A.ChinaB.Egypt
C.GreeceD.Rome
答案:
A 细节理解题。
根据文章第二段第二句可判断伞最初或许是在中国产生的。
2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueabouttheumbrella?
A.Nooneexactlyknowswhotheinventoroftheumbrellawas.
B.Theumbrellawasfirstinventedtobeusedasprotectionagainstthesun.
C.Theumbrellachangedmuchinstyleinthe18thcentury.
D.InEurope,theGreekswerethefirsttousetheumbrellaasasunshade.
答案:
C 细节理解题。
根据文章倒数第一段中的“Umbrellashavenotchangedmuchinstyleduringallthistime”可知,一直以来,伞在风格上没有什么大的变化。
3.Astrangefeatureoftheumbrella'suseisthatitwasusedas________.
A.protectionagainstrain
B.ashadeagainstthesun
C.asymbolofhonorandpower
D.women'sdecoration
答案:
C 细节理解题。
根据文章第三段第二句“Andtherewasastrangething...asymbolofhonor.”和最后一句“...onlybythoseinhighoffice.”可判断出答案。
D
Dujiangyanistheoldestmanmadewatersystemintheworld,andawonderinthedevelopmentofChinesescience.Builtover2,200yearsagoinwhatisnowSichuanProvinceinSouthwestChina,thisamazingengineeringachievementisstillusedtodaytoirrigateover6,000squarekilometresoffarmland,takeawayfloodwaterandprovidewaterfor50citiesintheprovince.
Inancienttimes,theregioninwhichDujiangyannowstandssufferedfromregularfloodscausedbyoverflowfromtheMinjiangRiver.Tohelpthevictimsoftheflooding,LiBing,theregion'sgovernor,togetherwithhisson,decidedtofindasolution.Theystudiedtheproblemanddiscoveredthatth
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