英语届高考复习名词性从句讲练学案.docx

英语届高考复习名词性从句讲练学案.docx

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英语届高考复习名词性从句讲练学案

2010届高考复习名词性从句讲练学案

在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句（NounClauses）。

名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

一、主语从句

主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。

It作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较

It作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。

而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。

被强调部分指人时也可用who/whom。

例如：

Itisapitythatyoudidn’tgotoseethefilm.

Itdoesn’tinterestmewhetheryousucceedornot.

Itisinthemorningthatthemurdertookplace.

ItisJohnthatbrokethewindow.

用it作形式主语的结构

（1）Itis＋名词＋从句

Itisafactthat…事实是…

Itisanhonorthat…非常荣幸

Itiscommonknowledgethat…是常识

（2）Itis＋形容词＋从句

Itisnaturalthat…很自然…

Itisstrangethat…奇怪的是…

（3）Itis＋不及物动词＋从句

Itseemsthat…似乎…

Ithappenedthat…碰巧…

Itappearsthat…似乎…

（4）It＋过去分词＋从句

Itisreportedthat…据报道…

Ithasbeenprovedthat…已证实…

Itissaidthat…据说…

主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况：

（1）if引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。

（2）Itissaid/reported…结构中的主语从句不可提前。

例如：

ItissaidthatPresidentJiangwillvisitourschoolnextweek.

ThatPresidentJiangwillvisitourschoolnextweekissaid.

（3）Ithappens/occurs…结构中的主语从句不可提前。

例如：

Itoccurredtohimthathefailedintheexamination.

Thathefailedintheexaminationoccurredtohim.

（4）Itdoesn’tmatterhow/whether…结构中的主语从句不可提前。

例如：

Itdoesn’tmatterwhetherheiswrongornot.

Whetherheiswrongornotdoesn’tmatter.

（5）含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。

例如：

Isitlikelythatitwillrainintheevening?

Isthatwillrainintheeveninglikely?

4.what与that在引导主语从句时的区别

what引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语．宾语．表语，而that则不然。

例如：

1）Whatyousaidyesterdayisright.

2）Thatsheisstillaliveisaconsolation

二．宾语从句

宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词（及物动词）或介词之后。

1.作动词的宾语

（1）由that引导的宾语从句（that通常可以省略）,例如：

Iheardthatbejoinedthearmy.

（2）由what,whether（if）引导的宾语从句，例如：

Shedidnotknowwhathadhappened.

Iwonderwhetheryoucanchangethisnoteforme.

（3）动词＋间接宾语＋宾语从句。

例如：

Shetoldmethatshewouldacceptmyinvitation.

2.作介词的宾语，例如：

Oursuccessdependsuponhowwellwecancooperatewithoneanother.

3.作形容词的宾语，例如：

Iamafraid（that）I’vemadeamistake.

注意：

that引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语：

anxious,aware,certain,confident,convinced,determined,glad,proud,surprised,worried,sorry,thankful,ashamed,disappointed,annoyed,pleased,hurt,satisfied,content等。

也可以将此类词后的that从句的看作原因状语从句。

4.it可以作为形式宾语

it不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语that从句则放在句尾，特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。

例如：

Wehearditthatshewouldgetmarriednextmonth.

5.后边不能直接跟that从句的动词

这类动词有allow,refuse,let,like,cause,force,admire,condemn,celebrate,dislike,love,help,take,forgive等。

这类词后可以用不定式或动名词作宾语，但不可以用that引导的宾语从句。

如：

Iadmiretheirwinningthematch.

Iadmirethattheywonthematch.

6.不可用that从句作直接宾语的动词

有些动词不可用于“动词＋间接宾语＋that从句“结构中，常见的有envy,order,accuse,refuse,impress,forgive,blame,denounce,advise,congratulate等。

例如：

Heimpressedthemanagerasanhonestman.

Heimpressedthemanagerthathewasanhonestman.

7.否定的转移

若主句谓语动词为think,consider,suppose,believe,expect,fancy,guess,imagine等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。

例如：

Idon’tthinkthisdressfitsyouwell.我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。

三.表语从句

表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句，放在系动词之后，一般结构是“主语＋连系动词＋表语从句”。

可以接表语从句的连系动词有be,look,remain,seem等。

引导表语从句的that常可省略。

另外，常用的还有thereasonisthat…和Itisbecause等结构。

例如：

1）Thequestioniswhetherwecanmakegoodpreparationinsuchashorttime.

2）Thisiswhywecan’tgetthesupportofthepeople.

3）Butthefactremainsthatwearebehindtheotherclasses.

4）Thereasonheislateforschoolisthathemissedtheearlybus.

四.同位语从句

同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。

1.同位语从句的功能

同位语从句对于名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容，一般由that引导，例如：

1）Theking’sdecisionthattheprisonerwouldbesetfreesurprisedallthepeople.

2）Theorderthatallthesoldiersshouldstaystillisgivenbythegeneral.

2.同位语在句子中的位置

同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开。

例如：

HegotthenewsfromMarythatthesportsmeetingwasputoff.

3.同位语从句与定语从句的区别

（1）定语从句中的that既代替先行词，同时以在从句中作某个成分（主语或宾语），而同位语从句中的that是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。

（2）定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定，描述定的性质或特征；同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是对名词进行补充说明。

例如：

1）ThenewsthathetoldmeisthatTomwouldgoabroadnextyear.（他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。

）（第一个that引导的从句是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语）

2）ThenewsthatTomwouldgoabroadistoldbyhim.（汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。

）（同位语从句，that在句中不作任何成分）

自测题

Heasked_____fortheviolin.

A.didIpayhowmuchB.Ipaidhowmuch

C.howmuchdidIpayD.howmuchIpaid

2.Theywanttoknow_____dotohelpus.

A.whatcantheyB.whattheycan

C.howtheycanD.howcanthey

3._____youhavedonemightdoharmtootherpeople.

A.ThatB.WhatC.WhichD.This

4.Thesephotographswillshowyou_____.

A.whatdoesourvillagelooklike

B.whatourvillagelookslike

C.howdoesourvillagelookslike

D.howourvillagelookslike

5._____leavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.

A.AnyoneB.Theperson

C.WhoeverD.Who

6.Itmademanycountriesangry_____theNATO,withoutthepermissionfromtheUN,startedawarinYugoslaviabecauseoftheproblemofKosovo.

A.whenB.because

C.thatD.if

7.Itisnot_____thatthissituationwillcontinueverylong.

A.alikeB.like

C.likelyD.thelike

8.Computerscanonlygiveout_____hasbeenstoredinthembyman.

A.thatB.which

C.whatD.everything

9.Weallheardthenews_____theChineseWomenVolleyballTeamhadwonthematch.

A.whichB.that

C.inwhichD.when

10.Thereisapolicecarinfrontofourneighbour’shouse.Whatdoyousuppose_____?

A.ishappenB.hashappened

C.wouldhappenD.didhappen

11.Energyis_____makesthingswork.

A.whatB.something

C.anythingD.that

12.Thisisjust_____theyaremistaken.

A.whenB.what

C.whereD.which

13.Whyhefellillsuddenlywas_____hewascaughtintherainyesterday.

A.becauseB.sinceC.thatD.onlybecause

14.Idon’tthinkthequestionof_____theyareoldoryoungisimportant.

A.whichB.whetherC.howD.why

15.I’llmake_____toallthatyouwereonceasailor.

A.knownB.knowing

C.thenknownD.itknown

16._____wasnotourconcern.

A.Nomatterhemightpasstheexamination

B.Whetherhepassedtheexaminationornot

C.Thoughhemightpasstheexamination

D.Hepassedtheexamination

17.Doyoubelieve_____hewillwin?

A.thatB.whether

C.ifD.what

18.Ihavenodoubt_____itistrue.

A.thatB.whether

C.ifD.what

19.Idon’tthink_____.

A.thatistruehe’llgotherehimself

B.ittruethathe’llgotherehimself

C.thathewilltruegotherehimself

D.thisistruehe’llgotherehimself

20.Doyouknow_____getthreegoldmedals?

A.howTimcouldB.howTimwasableto

C.howwasTimabletoD.howcouldTim

21.Theyexpressedthehope_____theywouldcomeovertovisitChinaagain.

A.whichB.that

C.whetherD.forwhich

22.ThereasonwhyIdidn’tfinishmyhomeworkwas_____myschoolbagwithallmytextbooksinit.

A.becauseIlostB.becauseoflosing

C.forIlostD.thatIlost

23.Thereasonforhissuccessis_____heworkedhard.

A.whyB.that

C.whatD.because

24.Iwonder_____withhisstudy.

A.whatheisgettingalong

B.thatheisgettingalong

C.ifheisgettingalong

D.howheisgettingalong

25.I’mthinking_____Ishoulddonext.

A.thatB.what

C.ofwhatD.inwhat

26.We’llnevergivein_____theymaydoorsay.

A.althoughB.despite

C.nomatterhowD.whatever

27.Hisgrandfatherwasamongthefirsttosettlein_____isnowafamousplace.

A.whatB.it

C.whichD.where

28.－WhatisEinstein’smostfamoustheory?

－_____.

A.WecalltheTheoryofRelativity

B.ThatwecalltheTheoryofRelativity

C.WhatwecalltheTheoryofRelativity

D.WecallittheTheoryofRelativity

29.There’snodoubt_____yourbookwillbewellreceived.

A.thatB.whether

C.whenD.where

30.Youcandependon_____promisehemakes.

A.allB.what

C.whateverD.which

31.Thefact_____sheworkshardiswellknowntousall.

A.thatB.what

C.whyD.which

32.Themountainisnolonger_____inusedtobe.

A.whichB.that

C.asD.what

33.Jacksaid_____tomeettheAmericanfriends.

A.whichhepleasedB.heispleased

C.thathewaspleasedD.whathewaspleased

34.Hewasalwaysthinkingof_____hecouldhelpothers.

A.thatB.how

C.whomD.which

35._____theyaremostinterestedinis_____theycanproducemoreandbettercars.

A.That,thatB.What,that

C.What,howD.That,whether

36.－Doyouremember_____hecame?

－Yes,Ido.Hecamebycar.

A.whenB.how

C.whereD.that

37._____colourprintingwasinventedbytheChineseasearlyasthe10thcentury?

A.Doyouthinkthatistrue

B.Doyouthinkittruethat

C.Isthattrue

D.Isthatsaid

38.Hissuggestion_____toseetheexhibitioninterestseveryoneofus.

A.thatwegoB.whichweshouldgo

C.whetherweshouldgoD.wewent

39.Haveyouanyidea_____?

A.howfastdoeslighttravel

B.howdoeslighttravelfast

C.howfastlighttravels

D.lighttravelshowfast

40.－Whataboutseeingafilm?

－Thepointis_____we’llhaveenoughtime.

A.thatB.if

C.whetherD.when

41.Whatapity_____is_____youdidn’tarrivebydaylight.

A.there;becauseB.it;that

C.he;whenD.that;for

42.－Ibelieve_____you’vedoneyourbestand_____thingswillimprove.

－Thankyou.

A.that;不填B.不填;不填

C.what;不填D.不填;that

43.Pleasegivethebookto_____winsthefirstprice.

A.whoB.when

C.whoeverD.whomever

44.Thefiredestroyed_____wasinthebuilding.

A.allB.what

C.thatD.which

45.Thequestioncameupatthemeeting_____wehadnotenoughmoneytodotheresearch.

A.whe