英美文化复习.docx
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英美文化复习.docx
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英美文化复习
英美文化复习
Unit1
1.Nationalflower---rose
Flag—theUnionflagortheUnionJack
Anthem---GodSavetheQueen
2。
Welsh
Irish
Scottish
English
Ancestor
Celts
Celts
Picts
Celts
Angles
Saxons
Jutes
NationalLanguage
Welsh
Erse
Gaelic
English
Character
Emotional
reticent
Charming
vivacious
Serious
Cautious
thrifty
inventive
mystical
hard—working
thorough
open-hearted
hospitable
generous
Religion
Protestant
Protestant
Presbyterian
Protestant
2.Componentpartsofthecountry-——NorthernIreland、Scotland、England、Wales
Unit2
1.Nationalflower:
rose
Bird:
TheBaldEagle
Flag:
TheStarsandStripes
anthem:
TheStarsandStripesForever
Great seal :
美国国徽美国风光欣赏(20张)外围为两个同心圆,内有一只白头海雕(秃鹰)雄踞中央,双翼展开,其右爪握一束橄榄枝,左爪握13支利箭,尖嘴中叼着一条飘带,上用拉丁文写着“合众为一"
UncleSam:
“山姆大叔”是美国的绰号,被用来代指“美国”或“美国政府”,主要在美国、英国,尤其是在新闻界中使用较多。
Ineedyou 用于征兵
2。
Ethnicgroup:
White:
65%
LatinAmericandescent:
16。
5%
Black:
12。
9%
Asian:
4.6%
NativeAmerican(AmericanIndiansandInuit):
1。
2%.
3.History:
Westwardmovement:
1789—1859
IndependenceWar:
1775-1789
CivilWar:
1860-1865
GreatDepression:
1929-1933
Civilrightsmovement:
1955–1968
4.补充
CivilWar
Time:
FromApril,1861toApril,1865
Twosidesofthewar:
TheNorthernStates&theSouthernStates
Causesofthewar:
TheSouthwantedtokeepblackslaveswhilethenorthwasagainstslavery.
TheSouthwantedtosetupacountryoftheirownbutthenorthsaiditwaswrong.
Resultsofthewar:
TheNorthwonandthetwosidesjoinedupagain。
Theslavesweresetfree
Unit3
女王的地位和作用,也可用作王权象征吧
1.thequeenistheheadofstates,theQueenundertakesconstitutionalandrepresentationaldutieswhichhavedevelopedoverthousandyearsofhistory.
2.As”HeadofNation”,theQueenprovidingafocusfornationalidentity,unityexcellenceandsupportingserviceofstabilityandcontinuty,recognisingsuccess,achievementandvoluntarysector.
君主立宪制的含义(政府的构成未找到)
3.ConstitutionalmonarchyisaformofgovernmentinwhichaKingorQueenactsasHeadofState。
TheabilitytomakeandpasslegislationresideswithanelectedParliament,notwiththeMonarch
议会两院
4.TheHouseofLordsistheupperhouseoftheParliamentoftheUnitedKingdom.membershipoftheHouseofLordsisnotattainedbyelectionbutisinsteadmadeupoftheLordsSpirtualandtheLordsTemporal。
5。
ThehouseofcommonsisthelowerhouseoftheParliamentoftheUnitedKingdom。
TheCommonsisdemocraticallyelectedbody,consistingof650members,whoareknownas"Membersofparliament”.
Unit4
1.TheFederalgovernmentgetsitsstructureandpowerfromtheU.S.Constitution(宪法)
TheConstitutionwaswrittenandadoptedbythe“FoundingFathers”in1787
TheConstitutionsetsupafederalsystemofgovernmentbydividingpowersbetweenthenational,stateandlocalgovernments
2。
民主党,theDemocraticParty,(liberal自由党).Donkey,smartbrave.
共和党,theRepublicanParty,(conservative保守党).Elephant,strongdignified
3。
1Declareascandidate
a.Announceintentions,startCampaign
b.Raisemoney,hireastuff
c.Createagrossrootsforceofvolunteersinkeystates
3。
2EnterprimariesCaucusesandstateconventions
WindelegatescommittedtovoteforyouintheSummerNationalPartyConvention
3.3TheNationalPartyConvention
3.4TheFallCampaign
3。
5TheElectionDay11月第一个星期一过后的星期二
3.6TheElectionCollege12周第二个星期三
3.7CountingtheBallots计票日一月六号
3.8InaugurationDayJanuary20th
ElectoralCollege选举团Page62
4。
1LegislativeBranch;executiveBranch;JudicialBranch
4.2Thedistributionofpowerandauthorityamongthelegislative,executiveandjudicialbranchesofgovernment.
4。
3AsystemoflimitsimposedbytheConstitutionoftheUnitedStatesonallbranchesofagovernmentbyvestingineachbranchtherighttoamendorvoidthoseactsofanotherthatallwithinitsjurisdiction(权限)
5.Congressisthelegislativebranch
Thereare2partstoCongress:
TheHouseofRepresentativesandtheSenate
Unit5Education
1.Features(特征)ofAmericaneducation,whatnationalbasicvaluesdothesystemreflectandwhatfunctions(功能)oftheeducationinUS?
P65页倒数第二行起,
Fromelementaryschoolthroughcollege,Americansbelievethateveryonedeservesanequalopportunitytogetagoodeducation。
schoolsopentoallclassesofAmericans,andfinancingtheschoolswithtaxmoneycollectedfromallcitizens
Americanpubliceducationhasastrongpracticalcontentthatincludetheteachingofvocationskillsandthedutiesofcitizens。
2.ThebasicstructureofAmericanEducationwithsomedetails.(美国教育的结构的一些细节)
P78页首行起
Americansviewtheirpublicschoolsystemasaneducationalladder,risingfromelementaryschooltohighschoolandfinallycollegeundergraduateprograms。
Mostchildrenstartschoolatagefive,byattendingkindergarten.Thenthereare6yearsofelementaryschooland2yearsofmiddleschool,and4yearsofhighschool.Alldo12yearscompulsoryeducation.
3.TherequirementsofAmericanStudentsadmittedorWhatwillbetakenintoconsiderationwhenAmericanhighschoolstudentsapplyforaplaceincollegesoruniversities?
(美国高中生申请进大学或学院的要求和需要考虑的条件)
P79页中,7段(总)(题目看到不是很懂,只找到了美国高中生选大学需要考虑的一些问题)
Whatdegreesdosetheschooloffer?
Howlongdoesittaketoearnone?
Attheundergraduatelevel,afour—year“liberalarts”courseofstudyistraditionallyofferedinsuchsubjectsashistory,languagesandphilosophy.
4.WhatarehighlyvaluedinAmericanschools(universitiesorcolleges)?
(美国高等学府里什么被高度重视?
)
Credits
Anundergraduatestudenthastoearnacertainnumberof“credicts"inordertoreceiveadegreeattheendof4yearsofcollege.
5.ComparisonofEducationBetweenBritainandtheUS(英美两国教育的对照)
US:
educationalladder;eachofthe50statesoperatesitsownuniversities,anddosomelargecitygovernments.Theydecidetheirownteachingcontent
Britain:
pre-primaryschool,primaryschool(6years),secondaryschool(comprehensiveschoolandgrammarschool),attheageof16,preparetositexamsforuniversityentranceorvocationaltraining;theirteachingcontenthaveacommonstandardsallofthecountry.
Unit7Holidays
1。
AmericanIndependenceDay
whatabout4thofJulyactivities?
Letuslookatfourkinds—familyactivities,groupactivities,civicactivities,andspecialTVprograms.
familyactivities:
theywillprobablytrytodrivesomewheretovisitsomeone,ortoseesomesights,ortodosomethingspecial,ortostayhome,justliketheywouldonanyotherlongweekendinthesummer.Butotherwisetheywillprobablytrytohaveapicnicormaybeabackyardbarbecue.
groupactivities:
generallyhavemanychurchfriends。
civicactivities:
theyusuallyhaveaparade。
specialTVprograms:
somewithamessagefromtheAmericanPresidentorotherofficialstoremindAmericansofboththegoodandthebadintheirsociety.TherearealsosomeEntertainments。
2.AmericanFlagDay
theflagissoimportantthatJune14thisAmericanFlagDay,withflagsinfrontofhouses,offices,andpublicbuildings.Thesymbolofthe4thofJulyistheStarsandStripes,thenicknamefortheAmericanflag.Andthecolorsofthe4thofJulyarethecolorsoftheflag—red,white,andblue。
3.BritishChristmasDay
ChristmasisthebiggestandbestlovedBritishholiday.Schoolsclosefortheperiod,asdoshopsandoffices,sopeoplecanspendtimeathomewiththeirfamilies。
Nowadays,ChristmasiscelebratedbymostofBritonsbyexchanginggiftsandChristmascards,presentingholidayfoods,anddecoratinghomesandworkplaceswithcoloredlights,Christmastreesandornaments。
TherearethreeChristmastraditions,whichareparticularlyBritish:
oneistheChristmasPantomime,acomicalmusicalplay。
AnotherBritishChristmastraditionistoheartheQueengiveherChristmasmessagetoherrealmoverthetelevisionandradio。
TheBritishQueenisalsotheQueenofothernations,likeCanadaandAustralia,andsohermessageisbroadcasttohermillionsofsubjectsthroughouttheworld。
Athirdtradition,whichisalsocelebratedincountrieswithBritishheritages,isBoxingDay④,Traditionally,itwasonBoxingDaythatpeoplegaveChristmasgiftsormoneytotheirstafforservants.However,anewBoxingDaycustomhasemerged,inthecitiesatleast:
shopping.ShopsopenuptoselloffalltheirChristmasstockdecorations,food,cardsandgiftitemsatlowprices。
Butformostpeople,however,BoxingDayisadayforvisiting,eatingandrelaxing.
4.Easter
ForchurchgoersitisEaster⑤,notChristmas,whenschoolsanduniversitiescloseforabreak。
5.BuckinghamPalace
thesecondSaturdayinJunewhentheQueen’sbirthdayisofficiallycelebratedby“TroopingtheColor”aroundBuckinghamPalace⑦inLondon.TheU.K。
unlikemostcountries,doesnothavea“nationalholiday’,
6。
NewYear’sEve
NewYear'sEveiscelebration—timeforAmericans,butnotafamilycelebration.theywouldgotochurchonNewYear’sEve.TheyfrequentlycalltheirNewYear’sEvemeetinga“WatchNightService”(除夕礼拜),meaningthattheywillwatch(stayawake)untiltheNewYearbegins。
Theeveningmayalsogosomethinglikethis:
themandrivestohisdate’shouseinhisfreshlycleanedandwashedcar。
Bothofthemdressasnicelyaspossible。
ImmediatelyalloverAmericapeopleshout“HappyNewYear!
”,andjoinothersinsingingthefamousScottishfriendshipsong“AuldLangSyne"(peoplealmostneversingitexceptonNewYear’sEve).Thisdayhavehadthemosttrafficdeathsofanynightoftheyear.ifadrinkingdriverhasanaccident,therestaurantorbarthatservedthealcoholislegallypartlyresponsiblefortheaccident.
7.TimesSquare
Inthepast,NewYorkersmightendtheirevening(TheNewYear’sEve)infrontofTrinityChurch,butnowtheygotoaspecialcelebrationnotfarawayinTimesSquare④。
8.Apr
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