高一英语阅读理解科普环保专项训练100附答案.docx
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高一英语阅读理解科普环保专项训练100附答案.docx
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高一英语阅读理解科普环保专项训练100附答案
高一英语阅读理解(科普环保)专项训练100(附答案)
一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类
1.犇犇阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
Supercomputerswhichcananalysebloodsamplesandpredictwhichpatientsarelikelytobecomeseriouslyillcouldsavetensofthousandsoflivesayear,itwasrevealedlastnight,accordingtoTheDailyExpress.
Theartificialintelligence(AI)system,developedatUniversityCollegeLondonandsettobepilotedinNHShospitalslaterthisyear,willscreen"atrisk"patientssodoctorscantakeearlyactiontopreventdeathorseriousillness.ProfYoung,aconsultantsurgeonatSouthendUniversityHospital,said:
"Iamsoexcitedaboutthisformoftechnology."Insteadofpeoplegettingsickordyingbecausetheyarenotpickedupintime,thiswillallowustostepinearlierwhichwillsavelivesandanenormousamountofmoney."IthinkthepotentialofAIinhealthcarelikethisisasbigastheIndustrialRevolutionwas—andsignalsacompletelynewexampleinthewaywemanagehealthcare."
ThetechnologyisthebrainchildofDrVishalNangalia,aconsultantattheRoyalFreeHospitalinLondon.HeusedAItoanalyseabillionstoredbloodsamplesfrom20differentUKhospitaltrustsdatingbackupto12years.Computersassessbloodtestresultsbypickingupsubtlechangesinredandwhitebloodcells,suggestingapatientisgoingdownhill.
Hefoundthetechniqueforecastoutcomesofpatientswithkidneyproblemswithupto95percentaccuracy.Traditionalmethodshighlightingseriouspatientconcernspickedupasfewas16percentofpatientswhowentontodie."Thisgivesustheopportunitynotonlytosavelivesbuttopreventseriousillness,makingthehealthservicenotonlysaferbutmoreefficient."ProfYoungsaid,"Insteadofwaitingforpeopletogetworse,wewillbeabletotreatthemearlier."
(1)Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"screen"inParagraph2mean?
A. comfort
B. treat
C. spot
D. nurse
(2)Howdosupercomputershelpsavelives?
A. Bystoringbloodsamples.
B. Byanalyzingpatients'cases.
C. Byobservingchangesinbloodcells.
D. Byassistingdoctorswiththeiroperations.
(3)WhydidProfessorYoungmentiontheIndustrialRevolution?
A. ToshowtheinfluenceofAI.
B. Tostresstheimportanceofhealthcare.
C. Tointroducethetopicofsupercomputers.
D. Topresenttheachievementhehasaccomplished.
(4)Whatdoweknowaboutthenewtechnology?
A. Ithelpspatientsrecoverearlier.
B. Ithashelpedsavethousandsoflives.
C. Itwillpromotethehealthservicegreatly.
D. Itisintendedforpatientswithkidneydiseases.
【答案】
(1)C
(2)C
(3)A
(4)C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍超级计算机能够分析血样并预测哪些病人可能会患上重病,每年可以挽救数万人的生命。
(1)考查词义猜测。
根据第二段中的“sodoctorscantakeearlyactiontopreventdeathorseriousillness.”以便医生能够及早采取行动,预防死亡或严重疾病,可以猜测出,人工智能将用于对高危病人进行“筛查”。
此处screen意为“筛查”。
故选C。
(2)考查细节理解。
根据第三段中的“Computersassessbloodtestresultsbypickingupsubtlechangesinredandwhitebloodcells,suggestingapatientisgoingdownhill.”可知,计算机通过检测红细胞和白细胞的细微变化来评估血液检测结果。
故选C。
(3)考查推理判断。
根据第二段中的"IthinkthepotentialofAIinhealthcarelikethisisasbigastheIndustrialRevolutionwas—andsignalsacompletelynewexampleinthewaywemanagehealthcare."杨教授认为,人工智能在医疗保健领域的潜力与工业革命一样大,以此类比,说明人工智能在医疗领域的影响力。
故选A。
(4)考查推理判断。
根据最后一段中的"Insteadofwaitingforpeopletogetworse,wewillbeabletotreatthemearlier."可知,这项技术将能够更早地治疗患者,而不是坐等病情恶化,从而推断,人工智能这一科技帮助医生对疾病诊疗早预判,早介入,从而帮助挽救大量生命,将大大促进卫生服务。
故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查,是一篇科研类阅读,考生需要准确掌握细节信息,并根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析,推理,从而选出正确答案。
2.犇犇阅读下面文章,然后从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出每个问题的最佳选项。
AninternationalteamofresearchersfromtheUniversityofOxfordhavefoundthatthewaypeopleusetheInternetiscloselytiedtotheseasonalmovementsinthenaturalworld.Theironlinespeciessearchesfollowthepatternsofseasonalanimalmigrations(迁徙).
Migratorybirds(候鸟)floodbacktowheretheyreproduceeveryspring.Thatmigratorybehaviorisaccompaniedbysomehumanbehavior."InEnglish-languageWikipedia(维基百科),theonlinesearchesformigratoryspeciestendtoincreaseinspringwhenthosebirdsarriveintheUnitedStates,"saidtheleadauthorJohnMittermeier.
Andnotjustbirds.Mittermeierandhisteamsurveyednearly2.5billionWikipediasearchrecords,for32,000species,across245languages.Theyalsosawvariablesearchratesforinsects,horsetailsandfloweringplants.SeasonaltrendsseemedtobewidespreadinWikipediabehaviorformanyspeciesofplantsandanimals.
Thisfindingsuggestsnewwaystomonitorchangesintheworld'sbiologicaldiversity.Italsoshowsnewwaystoseehowmuchpeoplecareaboutnature,andwhichspeciesandareasmightbethemosteffectivetargetsforconservation.
Mittermeierisencouragedbythesearchresults.Hecommented,"Ithinkthere'saconcernamongconservationists(生态环境保护者)thatpeoplearelosingtouchwiththenaturalworldandthatthey'renotinteractingwithnativespeciesanymore.Andsointhatsense,itwasreallyexcitingandquiteunexpectedformetoseepeople'sWikipediainterestcloselyrelatedtochangesinnature."
RichardGrenyer,AssociateProfessorfromtheUniversityofOxford,sayssearchdataisusefultoconservationbiologists,"Byusingthesebigdataapproaches,wecandirectourattentiontowardsthedifficultquestionsinmodernconservation:
whichspeciesandareasarechanging,andwherearethepeoplewhocarethemostandcandothemosttohelp."
(1)Whathaveresearchersfoundaboutspeciessearches?
A.Theystrengthentiesamongpeople.
B.Theyaffecttheanimalmovements.
C.Theydifferinlanguagebackgrounds.
D.Theyreflectanimalmigrationseasons.
(2)WhatisthepurposeofwritingParagraph3?
A.Tosummarizetheresearchprocess.
B.Tofurthersupporttheresearchfindings.
C.Toshowthevarietyofspeciessearches.
D.Topresentresearchers'heavyworkload.
(3)HowdoesMittermeierfeelaboutthesearchresults?
A.SatisfiedwithWikipedia'sservice.
B.WorriedaboutWikipediabehavior.
C.Amazedatpeople'scareaboutnature.
D.Sadaboutpeople'snotgettingclosetonature.
(4)WhydoesRichardthinksuchsearchdataisuseful?
A.Ithelpstoaimatconservationtargets.
B.Itincreasesinterestinbigdataapproaches.
C.Itkeepstrackoftrendsinbiologists'work.
D.Itpushespeopletosolvedifficultproblems.
【答案】
(1)D
(2)B
(3)C
(4)A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,牛津大学的一个国际研究小组发现,人们使用互联网的方式与自然界的季节性运动密切相关。
他们的在线物种搜索遵循季节性动物迁徙的模式。
这一发现提出了监测世界生物多样性变化的新方法。
它还展示了一种新的方式来了解人们有多关心自然,以及哪些物种和地区可能是最有效的保护目标。
(1)考查细节理解。
根据第一段中的“Theironlinespeciessearchesfollowthepatternsofseasonalanimalmigrations(迁徙).”可知关于物种搜索,研究人员发现了他们遵循季节性动物迁徙的模式。
故选D。
(2)考查推理判断。
根据第三段中的“SeasonaltrendsseemedtobewidespreadinWikipediabehaviorformanyspeciesofplantsandanimals.”可知在维基百科上,许多动植物的行为似乎都有季节性趋势。
即第三段的写作目的是为了进一步支持研究结果。
故选B。
(3)考查细节理解。
根据倒数第二段中的“itwasreallyexcitingandquiteunexpectedformetoseepeople'sWikipediainterestcloselyrelatedtochangesinnature”可知Mittermeier看到人们对维基百科的兴趣是与大自然的变化密切相关的,感到非常兴奋和意外。
故选C。
(4)考查细节理解。
根据最后一段中的“Byusingthesebigdataapproaches,wecandirectourattentiontowardsthedifficultquestionsinmodernconservation:
whichspeciesandareasarechanging,andwherearethepeoplewhocarethemostandcandothemosttohelp.”可知Richard认为通过使用这些大数据方法,我们可以将我们的注意力转向现代保护中的难题:
哪些物种和地区正在发生变化,哪些人最关心这些问题,哪些人能够提供最多的帮助。
即他认为这些搜索数据可以有助于设定保护目标。
故选A。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查,是一篇科研类阅读,要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上,根据上下文进行逻辑推理,从而选出正确答案。
3.犇犇阅读理解
Astudyfoundwirelesssignalsareabletopassthroughbagsandsuitcasestojudgethesizesofdangerousmetalobjectsandidentifythem."Theseitemscouldincludeweapons,chemicals,laptopsandbatteriesforbombs,"theresearchteamsaidonTuesday.
ResearchsuggestedthatWi-Ficannowbeusedtoestimatethevolumeofliquidssuchaswater,acid,alcoholandotherchemicalsforexplosivematerial.ThestudyledbyresearchersattheWirelessInformationNetworkLaboratory(WINLAB)intheSchool.ofEngineeringshowedawirelessdevicewithtwotothreeantennas(天线)thatcouldbefittedinexistingWi-Finetworks.
Thedetectionsystemanalyzeswhathappenswhenwirelesssignalsgothroughandbounceoffobjectsormaterials.Theapproach,whichthepaperstates,worksbyseparatingthewirelessinterference(干扰)causedbytwofactorsofobjects-thematerialandshape."Mostdangerousobjectssuchasweaponsareusuallymetalorliquid,whichhavesignificantinterference,"researcherssaid.
Whenitwastestedonabackpack,theaccuracyratetopped95percent."Buttheaccuracydroppedtoabout90percentwhenobjectsinsidebagsarewrapped.Andthetechcouldsavelivesifusedinmuseums,stadiums,themeparksorschools,"theteamsaid,notingitsdesigncaninspectbagsorluggagewithoutbeinganexposuretoprivacy.
Ituseschannelstateinformation(CSI)thatisreadilyavailableinlow-costWi-Fidevices."Thiscouldhaveagreatimpactonprotectingthepublicfromdangerousobjects,"saidYingyingChen,aco-authorofthestudy,"There'sagrowingneedforthatnow.Inlargepublicareas,it'shardtosetupexpensivescreeningequipmentlikewhat'sinairports.Manpowerisalwaysneededtocheckbagsandwewanttodevelopamethodtotrytoreducemanpower.”
Thepeer-reviewedstudy,whichrecentlywonabestpaperawardatthe2018IEEEConferenceonCommunicationsandNetworkSecurity,isnowpublishedonline."Futureworkwillcontinuetofocusonamelioratingtheaccuracyofidentifyingobjectsandimagingshapesandvolumes,"researcherssaid.
(1)Whatdoesparagraph3talkabout?
A. Thefunctionofthetechnique.
B
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