《高分子化学与物理》考试大纲The outline of the examination of polymer chemistry and physics.docx
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《高分子化学与物理》考试大纲The outline of the examination of polymer chemistry and physics.docx
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《高分子化学与物理》考试大纲Theoutlineoftheexaminationofpolymerchemistryandphysics
《高分子化学与物理》考试大纲(Theoutlineoftheexaminationofpolymerchemistryandphysics)
Theoutlineoftheexaminationofpolymerchemistryandphysics
Thispaperisapplicabletothepostgraduateentranceexaminationofhighpolymerchemistryandphysics.Polymerchemistryandphysicsisthebasictheorycourseofchemistry.Polymerchemistrycontentmainlyincludesthechainpolymerization,polymerizationandchemicalreactionofpolymerpolymerizationprinciple,studentsfamiliarwiththebasicconceptsofpolymerchemistry,masterthemethodsofsynthesisofpolymercompound,synthesismechanismandmacromolecularchemistryreaction,canwriteamainpolymerformula,thephenomenonoffamiliarwithitsperformanceandabletogivetocorrectandreasonableexplanation.Polymerphysicscontentmainlyincludesthepolymerchainstructureandstateofaggregationstructureofpolymermoleculemovementandsolutionpropertiesofpolymerandpolymerrheologicalproperties,mechanicalproperties,dielectricproperties,electricalconductivityandthermalproperties,suchasstudentsfamiliarwiththebasicconceptsofpolymerphysics,tomasterrelevantpolymermultilayerstructureandmainphysicalandmechanicalpropertiesofthebasictheoryandbasicresearchmethods.Candidatesshouldhavetheabilitytoanalyzeproblemsandsolveproblemswiththeknowledgeofpolymerchemistryandphysics.
Thecontentofexamination
Macromolecularchemistry
(I)introduction
1.Basicpolymerconcept;
Thenameandclassificationofthepolymer;
3.Molecularweight;
4.Macromolecularmicrostructure;
5.Thephysicalstateofthepolymer;
6.Polymermaterialsandstrength.
(2)freeradicalpolymerization
1.Freeradicalpolymerizationmechanism;
2.Chainreaction;
3.Polymerizationrate;
4.Molecularweightandchaintransferreaction;
5.Molecularweightdistribution
6.Draganddelay
7.Polymerizationthermodynamics
8.Controllable/reactiveradicalpolymerization
(3)freeradicalpolymerization
1.Typeandnamingofcopolymer
Thecompositionofbinarycopolymer
3.Thedeterminationandinfluencingfactorsoftheclusteringrate
4.Theactivityofmonomersandfreeradicals
5.Q-econcept
(4)polymerizationmethods
1.Bulkpolymerization
2.Solutionpolymerization
3.Suspensionpolymerization
4.Emulsionpolymerization
(5)cationicpolymerization
1.Monomersofcationicpolymerization;
2.Cationinitiationsystem;
Themechanismofcationicpolymerization;
4.Factorsaffectingcationicpolymerization;
Polyisobutyleneandbutylrubber.
(6)anionicpolymerization
1.Monomerofanionicpolymerization;
Anioninitiationsystemsandinitiation;
3.Thematchingofanionpolymerizationinitiatorandmonomer
4.Activeanionpolymerization
5.Theassociationandorientationpolymerizationofbutyllithium
(7)open-looppolymerization
1.Naphtheneopen-looppolymerizationthermodynamics
2.Mechanismandkineticcharacteristicsofheterocyclicopeningring
3.Theanionicopen-ringpolymerizationofepoxy-alkane
4.Cationicopen-ringpolymerizationofothercyclicether;
Thecationicopen-ringpolymerizationoftripolyformaldehyde(trioxide);
6.Cyclamideringpolymerization;
7.Cyclosiloxaneopeningringpolymerization
Thepolymerizationofthecarbonylcompounds
(8)coordinationpolymerization
1.Stereoisomerismofpolymer
1.Basicconceptofcoordinationaggregation
2.Ziegler-Nattainitiator
3.Coordinationpolymerizationofpropylene
Ethyleneligationpolymerization
5.Coordinationofpolarmonomers
6.Metalloceneinitiator
Theligandofconjugateddiolefins
(9)graduallypolymerization
Condensation.
2.Linearpolycondensationreactionmechanism;
3.Linearcondensationkinetics;
4.Influencingfactorsandcontrolmethodsoflinearcondensationpolymerization;
5.Distributionofmolecularweight;
6.Progressivecondensationoftheimplementationmethod;
7.Importantlinearprogressivepolymer;
Getinshape.
9.Gelationandgelpoints
(10)chemicalreactionofpolymers
Thegroupreactionofthepolymer
2.Graftingandblock
3.Degradationandcrosslinkingofpolymers
4.Agingandanti-agingofpolymers
Highpolymerphysics
(1)theshortrangestructureofthepolymerchain
1.Interactionbetweenpolymermoleculesandmolecules,
2.Thenear-processstructureofthepolymerchain
(2)long-distancestructureofpolymerchain
1.Internalrotationandhighpolymerflexibility
2.Theconformationstatisticsofthemolecularchain
3.Theconformationofchainsinthepolymerlattice
Theworm-likechain
Rigidchainstructure
(3)thepolymer'saggregationstructure
Ahighpolymerisamorphous
Highpolymercrystalstate
3.Theorientationstructureofhighpolymer
Highpolymerliquidcrystal
5.Polymeralloy
(4)molecularmovementofhighpolymer
Themolecularmotionofapolymer
2.Glasstransitionofhighpolymer
Therelationshipbetweentheglasstemperatureandthechainstructureanditsregulatingpathway
Theglassymolecularmotion
5.Molecularmotionofcrystallinepolymer
6.Researchmethodsofpolymermolecularmotion
Themechanicalpropertiesofhighpolymer
1.Mechanicalpropertiesofglassyandcrystallographichighpolymer
2.Highelasticstate
Viscousstate
4.Plasticityandyieldofhighpolymer
5.Fractureandstrengthofpolymers
(6)rheologyofpolymers
1.Newtonianfluidandnon-newtonianfluids
2.Viscosityofpolymermelt
Elasticperformanceofpolymermelt
4.Tensileviscosity
(7)dielectricpropertiesofpolymers
1.Polarizationanddielectricrelaxationbehaviorofhighpolymer
2.Piezoelectricpolarizationandpyroelectricpolarizationofhighpolymer
3.Theelectretandthermalreleaseofhighpolymer
Electricbreakdownofhighpolymer
Staticelectricityofhighpolymer
(8)theconductivepropertiesofpolymers
1.Theconductivityofthepolymer
2.Organicconductorsandtheirstructuralchemistry
3.Ionicconduction
4.Opticalconductivityofpolymers
(9)highpolymerthermalproperties
1.Thermalstabilityofhighpolymerandhigh-temperaturehigh-temperaturepolymermaterials
2.Thermalexpansionofpolymers
Theheatconductionofhighpolymer
(10)polymersolution
Dissolvethepolymer
2.Thermodynamicpropertiesofflexiblepolymersolution
3.Thephaseequilibriumofthepolymersolution
4.Polyelectrolytesolution
5.Concentratedsolutionofpolymers
Themolecularweightandmolecularweightdistributionofhighpolymer
1.Statisticalsignificanceofmolecularweightofhighpolymer
Themeasurementofmolecularweightofhighpolymer
3.Molecularweightdistributionanddeterminationmethodofhighpolymer
Ii.Examinationrequirements
Macromolecularchemistry
ChapterIintroduction
[masteringcontent]
1.
Basicconcepts:
monomer,polymer,polymerizationreaction,structuralunit,repeatingunit,monomer,chain,polymerization,homopolymer.
2.Additionpolymerizationandcondensationpolymerization;Chainpolymerizationandprogressivepolymerization.
Classifypolymersfromdifferentangles.
4.Thenaming,sourceandstructuralcharacteristicsofcommonlyusedpolymers.
5.Linear,branchedandlargemolecules.
6.Polymerrelativemolecularmassanditsdistribution.
7.Macromolecularmicrostructure.
8.Thephysicalstateandmainpropertiesofthepolymer.
[familiarwithcontent]
1.Systematicnomenclature.
2.Thename,symbolandrepeatingunitofatypicalpolymer.
3.Polymermaterialsandmechanicalstrength.
[learncontent]
1.Historyofpolymerchemistry.
Chaptertwofreeradicalpolymerization
[masteringcontent]
1.Freeradicalpolymerizationmonomers.
2.Thereactioncharacteristicsoffreeradicalbaseelements;Freeradicalpolymerizationreactioncharacteristics.
3.Typesofcommonlyusedinitiators;Initiatordecompositionkinetics;Initiatorefficiency;Factorsthataffecttheefficiencyoftheinitiator;Initiatorselectionprinciple.
4.Methodsofpolymerizationkinetics;Derivationofmicrokineticequationoffreeradicalpolymerization;Freeradicalpolymerizationreactionrateconstant;Automaticacceleration.
5.Themolecularweightofthenon-chaintransferreaction;Theeffectofchaintransferreactiononpolymerizationdegree.
Factorsthataffecttherateofpolymerizationandmolecularweight(temperature,pressure,monomer,initiator).
Blockanddelay.
8.Polymerizationthermodynamics.
[familiarwithcontent]
1.Thermalpolymerization,photoinitiationpolymerizationandradiationpolymerization.
2.Typesofratechangesduringpolymerization.
Therelativemolecularmassdistributionoffreeradicalpolymerization.
4.Determinationofreactionrateconstant.
[learncontent]
Heatcausesandlightcausesdynamics.
Thethirdchapterisfreeradicalpolymerization
[masteringcontent]
1.Basicconcepts:
Randomcopolymer,graftcopolymer,alternatingcopolymer,blockcopolymer,andtheratioofconstantratio.
2.Classificationandnamingofcopolymer.
Itisthederivationofthedifferentialequation.
4.Thedefinitionofidealcopolymerization,alternatingcopolymerizationandnon-idealcopolymerization(withorwithoutconstantratiopoint)isdeterminedbytheclusteringtypeoftwomonomersandthetypeofcopolymerizationcurve.
5.Controlmethodsofcopolymercomposition.
6.Microstructureanddistributionofcopolymers.
7.Theexpressionofmonomerandfreeradicalactivity,theeffectofconjugateeffect,polarityeffectandbit-resistanceeffectonmonomersandfreeradicalactivities.
8.Thephysicalsignificanceofq-evalue,howtojudgethecopolymerizationofthetwomonomerswiththevalueofQande,theadvantagesanddisadvantagesoftheq-eequation.
[familiarwithcontent]
1.Themeaningofcopolymerizationandtypic
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