高考英语二轮复习专题一阅读理解习题讲2概括细节理解题.docx
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高考英语二轮复习专题一阅读理解习题讲2概括细节理解题.docx
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高考英语二轮复习专题一阅读理解习题讲2概括细节理解题
2019年高考英语二轮复习专题一阅读理解
习题讲2【概括细节理解题】
[典例] (2018·全国卷Ⅲ阅读C节选)
...
Wangcollectedmorethan7millionabandonedbricksofdifferentages.Heaskedtheworkerstousetraditionaltechniquestomakethebricksintowalls,roofsandcorridors.ThiscreationattractedalotofattentionthankstoitsmixtureofmodernandtraditionalChineseelements(元素).
Wang’sworksshowadeepunderstandingofmodernarchitectureandagoodknowledgeoftraditions.Throughsuchabalance,hehadcreatedanewtypeofChinesearchitecture,saidTadaoAndo,thewinnerofthe1995PritzkerPrize.
...
30.WhatmadeWang’sarchitecturaldesignasuccess?
A.Themixtureofdifferentshapes.
B.ThebalanceofEastandWest.
C.Theuseofpopulartechniques.
D.Theharmonyofoldandnew.
[解析] 选D 根据选段第一段第三句“ThiscreationattractedalotofattentionthankstoitsmixtureofmodernandtraditionalChineseelements(元素).”和选段第二段第二句中的“Throughsuchabalance,hehadcreatedanewtypeofChinesearchitecture”可知,传统与现代元素的和谐共存是王澍建筑设计成功的秘诀,故选D。
[干扰项分析] A项错在shapes,不是形状的混合,是现代和传统中国元素的混合;B项错在EastandWest,是modernarchitecture和agoodknowledgeoftraditions的平衡;C项错在popular,根据选文第一段第二句可知应是traditional。
[增分技巧] 概括细节理解题要求通过思维分析将原文中比较分散或复杂的信息进行归纳概括,即要“综合事实定答案”。
容易做错的原因是没有全面分析所涉及的相关信息,只是单一地、孤立地分析某句内容从而不能做出符合题干条件的选择。
(1)通过关键词定区间。
就是说我们在阅读题干的时候迅速把题干中的关键词标记出来,然后根据关键词回到原文当中定位相关的段落、语句。
(2)通过概括定选项。
概括细节理解题可能涉及文章某一段或几段,甚至贯穿全文的各个位置,需要考生寻找文章中的多个细节。
然后尝试用自己的语言去归纳文中的信息或事实,然后再看选项,挑选出和自己所归纳的信息最接近的选项作为正确答案。
(3)兼用排除法解题。
在遇到模棱两可、难以做出选择的答案时,也可采用排除法,将“无此细节”和“与此细节相反”的选项排除。
训练目标
(一)
对点练——攻克失分短板
A(2018·北京高考阅读C节选)
PlasticEatingWorms
Humansproducemorethan300milliontonsofplasticeveryyear.Almosthalfofthatwindsupinlandfills(垃圾填埋场),andupto12milliontonspollutetheoceans.Sofarthereisnoeffectivewaytogetridofit,butanewstudysuggestsananswermaylieinthestomachsofsomehungryworms.
ResearchersinSpainandEnglandrecentlyfoundthatthewormsofthegreaterwaxmothcanbreakdownpolyethylene,whichaccountsfor40%ofplastics.Theteamleft100waxwormsonacommercialpolyethyleneshoppingbagfor12hours,andthewormsconsumedandbrokedownabout92milligrams,oralmost3%ofit.Toconfirmthattheworms’chewingalonewasnotresponsibleforthepolyethylenebreakdown,theresearchersmadesomewormsintopaste(糊状物)andappliedittoplasticfilms.14hourslaterthefilmshadlost13%oftheirmass—apparentlybrokendownbyenzymes(酶)fromtheworms’stomachs.TheirfindingswerepublishedinCurrentBiologyin2017.
...
43.Whatcanwelearnaboutthewormsinthestudy?
A.Theytakeplasticsastheireverydayfood.
B.Theyarenewlyevolvedcreatures.
C.Theycanconsumeplastics.
D.Theywindupinlandfills.
解析:
选C 根据第一段中的“anewstudysuggestsananswermaylieinthestomachsofsomehungryworms”以及第二段中的“ResearchersinSpainandEnglandrecentlyfoundthatthewormsofthegreaterwaxmothcanbreakdownpolyethylene...andthewormsconsumedandbrokedownabout92milligrams,oralmost3%ofit.”概括可知大蜡螟幼虫能吃塑料,故选C。
B(2018·浙江高考阅读B节选)
StevenSteinlikestofollowgarbagetrucks.Hisstrangehabitmakessensewhenyouconsiderthathe’sanenvironmentalscientistwhostudieshowtoreducelitter,includingthingsthatfalloffgarbagetrucksastheydrivedowntheroad.WhatisevenmoreinterestingisthatoneofStein’sjobsisdefendinganindustrybehindtheplasticshoppingbag.
Americansusemorethan100billionthinfilmplasticbagseveryyear.Somanyendupintreebranchesoralonghighwaysthatagrowingnumberofcitiesdonotallowthematcheckouts(收银台).Thebagsareprohibitedinsome90citiesinCalifornia,includingLosAngeles.Eyeingtheseheadwinds,plastic-bagmakersarehiringscientistslikeSteintomakethecasethattheirproductsarenotasbadfortheplanetasmostpeopleassume.
...
24.WhathasStevenSteinbeenhiredtodo?
A.Helpincreasegrocerysales.
B.Recyclethewastematerial.
C.Stopthingsfallingofftrucks.
D.Arguefortheuseofplasticbags.
解析:
选D 根据第一段中的“isdefendinganindustry”和第二段中的“arehiringscientistslikeSteintomakethecasethattheirproductsarenotasbadfortheplanetasmostpeopleassume”概括可知塑料袋生产商雇用StevenStein是为了说明他们的产品并不像大多数人认为的那样对地球有害。
故选D。
C(2017·北京高考阅读A节选)
...
Amazingly,TaylorhadjusttakenaCPRcoursethedaybefore.Still,shehesitated.Shedidn’tthinksheknewitwellenough.Butwhennooneelsecameforward,TaylorrantoParisandbegandoingCPR.“Itwasscary.Iknewitwasthedifferencebetweenlifeanddeath,”saysTaylor.
Taylor’sswiftactionhelpedherteammatescalmdown.Onegirlcalled911.Twomorerantogettheschoolnurse,whobroughtadefibrillator,anelectronicdevice(器械)thatcanshocktheheartbackintowork.Luckstayedwiththem:
Paris’sheartbeatreturned.
...
ExpertssayParisisright:
Forasuddenheartfailure,thesinglebestchanceforsurvivalishavingsomeonenearbystepinanddoCPRquickly.
...
57.WhydoesParissayshewaslucky?
A.Shemadeaworthyfriend.
B.Sherecoveredfromshock.
C.ShereceivedimmediateCPR.
D.Shecamebackonthesoftballteam.
解析:
选C 根据选文第一段中的“Butwhennooneelsecameforward,TaylorrantoParisandbegandoingCPR.”以及选文第二段“在队友和学校护士的帮助下Paris的心跳恢复了(Paris’sheartbeatreturned.)”以及选文第三段中的“Forasuddenheartfailure,thesinglebestchanceforsurvivalishavingsomeonenearbystepinanddoCPRquickly”概括可知,Paris说她很幸运是因为她得到了及时的心肺复苏(CPR)救助。
D(2017·江苏高考阅读B节选)
...
Thiseducationalmethodwasfirstobservedin2012bySoniaKleindorfer,abiologistatFlindersUniversityinSouthAustralia,andhercolleagues.FemaleAustraliansuperbfairywrenswerefoundtorepeatonesoundoverandoveragainwhilehatchingtheireggs.Whentheeggswerehatched,thebabybirdsmadethesimilarchirptotheirmothers—asoundthatservedastheirregular“feedme!
”call.
Tofindoutifthespecialqualitywasmorewidespreadinbirds,theresearcherssoughttheredbackedfairywren,anotherspeciesofAustraliansongbird.Firsttheycollectedsounddatafrom67nestsinfoursitesinQueenslandbeforeandafterhatching.Thentheyidentifiedbeggingcallsbyanalyzingtheorderandnumberofnotes.Acomputeranalysisblindlycomparedcallsproducedbymothersandchicks,rankingthembysimilarity.
Itturnsoutthatbabyredbackedfairywrensalsoemergechirpingliketheirmoms.Andthemorefrequentlymothershadcalledtotheireggs,themoresimilarwerethebabies’beggingcalls.Inaddition,theteamsetupaseparateexperimentthatsuggestedthatthebabybirdsthatmostcloselyimitatedtheirmom’svoicewererewardedwiththemostfood.
...
59.WhatareKleindorfer’sfindingsbasedon?
A.Similaritiesbetweenthecallsofmomsandchicks.
B.TheobservationoffairywrensacrossAustralia.
C.ThedatacollectedfromQueensland’slocals.
D.Controlledexperimentsonwrensandotherbirds.
解析:
选A 根据选文第一段中的“thebabybirdsmadethesimilarchirptotheirmothers”,选文第二段的最后一句及选文第三段的第二句概括可知,Kleindorfer的发现是基于母鸟与幼鸟发出的叫声的相似性的,故选A。
训练目标
(二)
综合练——提高解题速度
(加黑的题目为细节理解题,加★的为概括细节理解题)
A
Whetheryoujustlovesportoryou’reaprofessional,youcangainexperiencethroughoneofourinternships(实习).Handsonexperienceandvariedtechnicalandpracticalknowledge,plusunderstandingofdifferentculturesandhowtoworkwithinthemwillbeanoutstandingentryonyourresume(简历)!
Wehopeyoufindsomethingbelowthatsuitsyou,butifyoudon’t,pleasecontactusandwecanprobablyarrangeitforyou!
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AUSTRALIA:
SportsInternshipinaMainstreamHighSchoolinPerth
InternintheSportsDepartment,workingwiththeHeadofDepartmentandthePEteachers.You’llcombinecoachingwithsportsadministration,lessonplanning,monitoringstudents’performanceandassistingthePEteachersinallaspectsoftheirwork.
MALAYSIA:
ScubaDivingandDiveResortManagementInternshiponPulauTigaIsland
AssistinrunningadivecentreontheislandofPulauTiga.You’llexperiencerunningawatersportscentreandifyoustayfor3months,youcandoatotalof60divesasaconditionfortheDiveMasterCourse.
You’llassisttheDiveMasterinmanagingthedivecentre,guidingandassistingnewlearners,handlingcustomers’enquiriesandreportingtotheDiveInstructor.
SOUTHAFRICA:
SportsWorkExperienceInternshipataSportsSchoolinKnysna
It’sawellregardedsportsschoolonthefamousGardenRoute.You’lllearnallaspectsofthedailyrunningandmanagementofasportsschoolsetuptohelplessadvantagedchildren.Sportsincludearchery,bowls,cricket,cycling,football,golf,hockeyandtennis.Also,youshouldhelporganizesportsfestivalsanddevelopsportinthepoorcommunities.
语篇解读:
本文是一篇应用文。
文章介绍了三个海外实习岗位,不论你是职业运动员还是体育爱好者,都可以申请。
1.Whoisthetextwrittenfor?
A.Studentswhoneedaparttimejob.
B.Studentswhoenjoydoingsportsinfreetime.
C.Studentswhowanttohaveaninternshipabroad.
D.Studentswhowanttohelpchildreninothercountries.
解析:
选C 推理判断题。
根据第一段中的“internships(实习)”以及“plusunderstandingofdifferentculturesandhowtoworkwithinthemwillbean...”可知,本文的目标读者是那些寻求海外实习机会的学生。
2.Wherecanyoufindthemostsuitableinternshipifyouareinterestedinscubadiving?
A.InAustralia. B.InSouthAfrica.
C.OnGardenRoute.D.OnPulauTigaIsland.
解析:
选D 细节理解题。
从第二则广告项目可知,这个实习机会是在马来西亚迪加岛的一个潜水中心,所以适合对潜水有兴趣的人。
3.WhatdoweknowaboutthesportsschoolinKnysna?
A.Itservesasafamousscenicspot.
B.Itaimsattrainingthebestathletes.
C.Itisintendedforlessadvantagedchildren.
D.Itoftenholdssportsfestivalsinpoorcommunities.
解析:
选C 细节理解题。
根据最后一段中的“You’lllearnallaspectsofthedailyrunningandmanagementofasportsschoolsetuptohelplessadvantagedchildren.”可知,这所学校是为那些条件比较差的孩子们建的。
★4.W
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