CGRFASoilBiodSustAg.docx
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CGRFASoilBiodSustAg.docx
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CGRFASoilBiodSustAg
SOILBIODIVERSITYANDSUSTAINABLEAGRICULTURE
PaperpreparedasabackgroundpaperfortheNinthRegularSessionoftheCommissiononGeneticResourcesforFoodandAgriculture(CGRFA)FAO-Rome,14-18October2002
I.SoilBiodiversity-theRootofSustainableAgriculture
1.Giventheescalatingpopulationgrowth,landdegradationandincreasingdemandsforfood,achievingsustainableagricultureandviableagriculturalsystemsiscriticaltotheissueoffoodsecurityandpovertyalleviationinmost,ifnotall,developingcountries.Itisfundamentaltothesustainedproductivityandviabilityofagriculturalsystemsworldwide.
2.Sustainableagriculture(includingforestry)involvesthesuccessfulmanagementofagriculturalresourcestosatisfyhumanneedswhilemaintainingorenhancingenvironmentalqualityandconservingnaturalresourcesforfuturegenerations.Thesustaineduseoftheearth’slandandwaterresources-andtherebyplant,animalandhumanhealth-isdependentuponmaintainingthehealthofthelivingbiotathatprovidecriticalprocessesandecosystemservices.However,currenttechnologiesanddevelopmentsupportforincreasedagriculturalproductionhavelargelyignoredthisvitalmanagementcomponent.
3.Improvementinagriculturalsustainabilityrequires,alongsideeffectivewaterandcropmanagement,theoptimaluseandmanagementofsoilfertilityandsoilphysicalproperties.Bothrelyonsoilbiodiversityandsoilbiologicalprocesses.Thiscallsforthewidespreadadoptionofmanagementpracticesthatenhancesoilbiologicalactivityandtherebybuilduplong-termsoilproductivityandhealth.
4.FAOconsiderstheissueofsoilbiodiversityandsoilecosystemmanagementofgreatimportancetotheachievementofsustainable,resource-efficientandproductiveagriculture.SoilbiodiversityhasbeenidentifiedasanarearequiringparticularattentionundertheprogrammeofworkonagriculturalbiodiversityoftheConferenceoftheParties(COP)totheConventiononBiologicalDiversity(CBD).
II.SoilBiodiversityandthejointFAO/CBDProgrammeonAgriculturalBiodiversity
5.TheagriculturalbiodiversityworkprogrammewasestablishedatCOP-3(decisionIII/11,BuenosAires,1996)topromote:
a)thepositiveandmitigatingthenegativeimpactsofagriculturalactivitiesonagriculturalbiologicaldiversity;b)theconservationandsustainableuseofgeneticresourcesofactualorpotentialvalueforfoodandagriculture;andc)thefairandequitablesharingofbenefitsarisingoutoftheuseofgeneticresources.Theprogrammewasfurtherelaborated,withFAOsupport,incollaborationwithpartners,andonthebasisofadviceandrecommendationsoftheSubsidiaryBodyforScientific,TechnicalandTechnologicalAdvice(SBSTTA)asoutlinedinCOPdecisionV/5(Nairobi,2000).Ithasfourmainobjectives:
assessment;managementpracticesandpolicies;capacitybuilding;andnationalplansandstrategiesandmainstreaming.FAOwasinvitedtosupportdevelopmentandimplementationoftheprogrammeandgovernments,fundingagencies,theprivatesectorandNGOswereinvitedtojoinefforts.
6.Partiesrecognised,interalia,theneedtoimproveunderstandingof:
themultiplegoodsandservicesprovidedbythedifferentlevelsandfunctionsofagriculturalbiodiversity;therelationshipbetweendiversity,resilienceandproductioninagro-ecosystems;andtheimpactsoftraditionalandnewerpracticesandtechnologiesonagriculturalbiodiversityandonthesustainabilityandproductivityofagriculturalsystems.Theroleofsoilandotherbelow-groundbiodiversityinsupportingagriculturalproductionsystems,especiallyinnutrientcyclingwashighlighted.
7.Inthislight,SBSTTA,duringitsreviewofprogressinimplementingtheagriculturalbidodiversityprogramme,atitsseventhmeeting(Montreal,November2001)consideredapaperonSoilBiodiversityandSustainableAgriculturesubmittedbyFAO(UNEP/CBD/SBSTTA/7/INF/11).BasedonSBSTTA’srecommendation,theCOP,atitssixthmeetingdecided:
“toestablishanInternationalInitiativefortheConservationandSustainableUseofSoilBiodiversity(SBI)asacross-cuttinginitiativewithintheprogrammeofworkonagriculturalbiodiversity,andinvitesFAOandotherrelevantorganizations,tofacilitateandcoordinatethisinitiative”(para.13,COPdecisionVI/5).
8.ThecurrentpaperhasbeenpreparedbuildingonmaterialprovidedtoSBSTTA-7andCOP-6(Informationdocuments).ItisprovidedtotheCGRFAasabackgrounddocumentforitsconsiderationofthiscritical,yetmuchneglectedcomponentofbiologicaldiversityandagriculturalecosystems.ItisexpectedtoassisttheCGRFAinitsconsiderationoftheroleFAOshouldplayinregardtotheSoilBiodiversityInitiative(SBI).Itpresentsworkinprogress,emphasisingthevitalroleandfunctionsofsoilbiodiversityanditsimportanceandvalueforsustainableandproductiveagriculture.OpportunitiesforthesustainablemanagementofsoilbiodiversityareillustratedthatcontributetoboththeCBDagriculturalbiodiversityprogrammeandtoFAOsmandateforimprovingagriculturalproductionandfoodsecurity,particularlyinregardtointegratedlandmanagement.
9.Thereisaneed,worldwide,tohelppromoteadoptionofstrategiesthatenhancetheimportantrolesandfunctionsofsoilbiodiversityforsustainableandproductiveagricultureandtoencourageintegratedsoilmanagementapproachesbuildingonavailableinformationandknowledge,expertise,technologies,progressandopportunities.Inthisregard,thispapersetsoutsomesuggestedpriorityareasforactionfortheSBI,highlightingtheneedtoadaptanduseintegratedecosystemmanagementapproachesinordertoharnesstheeconomic,environmentalandfoodsecuritybenefitsfrombettermanagementofsoillife.
10.UnderitsjointprogrammeofworkwiththeCBDSecretariat,andwithsupportoftheFAO-NetherlandsPartnershipProgramme(FNPP),FAOisworkingontheconservationandsustainableuseofagriculturalbiodiversitywithinsustainableandproductiveecosystemsanditscontributiontoglobalfoodsecurity.Oneofthefourmainareasofattentionisonimprovingunderstandingandimplementationoftheecosystemapproach,includingadaptivemanagementandbestpractices.Inthisregard,thesub-componentonsoilbiodiversityaims,firstly,togenerateincreasedawarenessoftheimportanceofsoilbiodiversityforlandresourcesmanagementandsustainableagriculturesystems.Secondly,itaimstoexpandcooperationamonginterestedpartnersinimprovingsoilbiodiversityandecosystemmanagement,asinvitedbyCOPdecisionV/5.
11.Incollaborationwithotherprogrammes,scientificinstitutesandresourceexperts,FAOismakingavailableknowledgeonthecategoriesandfunctionsofsoilbiodiversityandonspecifictechnologiesforimprovedsoilbiologicalmanagement.Throughthepreparationofcasestudies,bioindicators,trainingmaterialsandparticipatorytechnologydevelopmentapproaches,itispilotingappliedworkonsoilbiologicalmanagementintheagriculturalandlandsectors.TheinformationcompiledbyFAOthroughcontactswithpartnerorganizationsisavailableattheFAOSoilBiodiversityPortalhttp:
//www.fao.org/ag/AGL/agll/soilbiod/
12.Linkagesarebeingidentifiedwithongoingprogrammesandnetworks,withaviewtoestablishingpartnerships,forexamplewith:
∙Regionalthematicnetworks,forexample,onmacro-fauna,rhizobiaandmycorrhiza;
∙Researchbodiesandprogrammesonsoilbiodiversityandecosystemfunctioning;
∙Agro-biology/ecologybodiesofacademic/researchanddevelopmentbodies;
∙Soilbiodiversity,landmanagementandagriculturaldevelopmentprogrammesandprojectsworldwide.IncludingtheimportantTSBF-BGBDNetworkprojectontheConservationandSustainableManagementofBelow-groundBiodiversity(supportedbyGEF/UNEPandexecutedbytheTropicalSoilBiodiversityandFertilityInstituteofCIAT).
13.UnderCOPsagriculturalbiodiversityprogramme,itwasagreedtocarryoutaseriesofcasestudies,inarangeofenvironmentsandproductionsystems,andineachregion(programmeelement2.1).Recognisingacriticalgapinknowledge,Partieshadpreviouslybeenencouragedtoconductcasestudiesontheissueofsymbioticsoilmicro-organismsinagriculture(Annex3,COPdecisionIII/11)andsubsequentlyonsoilbiotaingeneral(decisionIV/6,Bratislava,1998).CasestudiesonsoilbiodiversitymanagementarebeingcompiledandmadeavailablethroughwebsitesoftheCBDSecretariathttp:
//www.biodiv.org/programmes/areas/agro/case-studies.aspandFAOhttp:
//www.fao.org/ag/agl/agll/soilbiod/default.htm.
14.AninternationaltechnicalworkshopontheBiologicalManagementofSoilEcosystemsforSustainableAgriculturewasorganisedbyFAOandEMBRAPA-Soya(thehostinstitution)inLondrina,Brazilfrom24to27June2002.Itallowedover45participantsfrommorethan20countries,representingawiderangeofscientistsandpractitionersfromeachregion,toshareknowledgeandexperiencesonsoilbiodiversityanditsmanagement,toreviewthestateoftheartintermsofassessmentandadaptivemanagement,withafocusonpractical,participatoryandintegratedapproaches,andtoidentifyprioritiesforcapacitybuildingandmainstreamingandforimplementingtheSoilBiodiversityInitiative.(Furtherinformationisproviddinparas.87-90ontheworkshopanditsoutcome).
ConsiderationbytheCGRFA
15.TheextentofFAOsparticipationandroleintheCBDSoilBiodiversityInitiativewilldependonthein-housecapacity,takingintoaccountitsmandate,assetbytheStrategicFramework(2001-2015),MediumTermPlan(2002-2007),andtheabilityofFAOtoworkthroughstrategicpartnershipswithorgani
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