名词解释.docx

名词解释.docx

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名词解释

一、名词解释

1.5.1CommontermsusedinEN1990toEN1999

1.5.1.1

constructionworks

everythingthatisconstructedorresultsfromconstructionoperations

NOTEThisdefinitionaccordswithISO6707-1.Thetermcoversbothbuildingandcivilengineeringworks.Itreferstothecompleteconstructionworkscomprisingstructural,non-structuralandgeotechnicalelements.

1.5.1.2

typeofbuildingorcivilengineeringworks

typeofconstructionworksdesignatingitsintendedpurpose,e.g.dwellinghouse,retainingwall,industrialbuilding,roadbridge

1.5.1.3

typeofconstruction

indicationoftheprincipalstructuralmaterial,e.g.reinforcedconcreteconstruction,steelconstruction,timberconstruction,masonryconstruction,steelandconcretecomposite

construction

1.5.1.4

methodofconstruction

mannerinwhichtheexecutionwillbecarriedout,e.g.castinplace,prefabricated,cantilevered

1.5.1.5

constructionmaterial

materialusedinconstructionwork,e.g.concrete,steel,timber,masonry

1.5.1.6

structure

organisedcombinationofconnectedpartsdesignedtocarryloadsandprovideadequaterigidity

1.5.1.7

structuralmember

physicallydistinguishablepartofastructure,e.g.acolumn,abeam,aslab,afoundationpile

1.5.1.8

formofstructure

arrangementofstructuralmembers

NOTEFormsofstructureare,forexample,frames,suspensionbridges.

1.5.1.9

structuralsystem

load-bearingmembersofabuildingorcivilengineeringworksandthewayinwhich

thesemembersfunctiontogether

1.5.1.10

structuralmodel

idealisationofthestructuralsystemusedforthepurposesofanalysis,designandverification

1.5.1.11

execution

allactivitiescarriedoutforthephysicalcompletionoftheworkincludingprocurement,theinspectionanddocumentationthereof

NOTEThetermcoversworkonsite;itmayalsosignifythefabricationofcomponentsoffsiteandtheirsubsequenterectiononsite.

1.5.2Specialtermsrelatingtodesigningeneral

1.5.2.1

designcriteria

quantitativeformulationsthatdescribeforeachlimitstatetheconditionstobefulfilled

1.5.2.2

designsituations

setsofphysicalconditionsrepresentingtherealconditionsoccurringduringacertain

timeintervalforwhichthedesignwilldemonstratethatrelevantlimitstatesarenotexceeded

1.5.2.3

transientdesignsituation

designsituationthatisrelevantduringaperiodmuchshorterthanthedesignworking

lifeofthestructureandwhichhasahighprobabilityofoccurrence

NOTEAtransientdesignsituationreferstotemporaryconditionsofthestructure,ofuse,orexposure,e.g.

duringconstructionorrepair.

1.5.2.4

persistentdesignsituation

designsituationthatisrelevantduringaperiodofthesameorderasthedesignworkinglifeofthestructure

NOTEGenerallyitreferstoconditionsofnormaluse.

1.5.2.5

accidentaldesignsituation

designsituationinvolvingexceptionalconditionsofthestructureoritsexposure,includingfire,explosion,impactorlocalfailure

1.5.2.6

firedesign

designofastructuretofulfiltherequiredperformanceincaseoffire

1.5.2.7

seismicdesignsituation

designsituationinvolvingexceptionalconditionsofthestructurewhensubjectedtoa

seismicevent

1.5.2.8

designworkinglife

assumedperiodforwhichastructureorpartofitistobeusedforitsintendedpurpose

withanticipatedmaintenancebutwithoutmajorrepairbeingnecessary

1.5.2.9

hazard

forthepurposeofEN1990toEN1999,anunusualandsevereevent,e.g.anabnormalactionorenvironmentalinfluence,insufficientstrengthorresistance,orexcessivedeviation

fromintendeddimensions

1.5.2.10

loadarrangement

identificationoftheposition,magnitudeanddirectionofafreeaction

1.5.2.11

loadcase

compatibleloadarrangements,setsofdeformationsandimperfectionsconsideredsimultaneouslywithfixedvariableactionsandpermanentactionsforaparticularverification

1.5.2.12

limitstates

statesbeyondwhichthestructurenolongerfulfilstherelevantdesigncriteria

1.5.2.13

ultimatelimitstates

statesassociatedwithcollapseorwithothersimilarformsofstructuralfailure

NOTETheygenerallycorrespondtothemaximumload-carryingresistanceofastructureorstructuralmember.

1.5.2.14

serviceabilitylimitstates

statesthatcorrespondtoconditionsbeyondwhichspecifiedservicerequirementsfora

structureorstructuralmemberarenolongermet

1.5.2.14.1

irreversibleserviceabilitylimitstates

serviceabilitylimitstateswheresomeconsequencesofactionsexceedingthespecified

servicerequirementswillremainwhentheactionsareremoved

1.5.2.14.2

reversibleserviceabilitylimitstates

serviceabilitylimitstateswherenoconsequencesofactionsexceedingthespecified

servicerequirementswillremainwhentheactionsareremoved

1.5.2.14.3

serviceabilitycriterion

designcriterionforaserviceabilitylimitstate

1.5.2.15

resistance

capacityofamemberorcomponent,oracross-sectionofamemberorcomponentofastructure,towithstandactionswithoutmechanicalfailuree.g.bendingresistance,bucklingresistance,tensionresistance

1.5.2.16

strength

mechanicalpropertyofamaterialindicatingitsabilitytoresistactions,usuallygiveninunitsofstress

1.5.2.17

reliability

abilityofastructureorastructuralmembertofulfilthespecifiedrequirements,includingthedesignworkinglife,forwhichithasbeendesigned.Reliabilityisusuallyexpressedinprobabilisticterms

NOTEReliabilitycoverssafety,serviceabilityanddurabilityofastructure.

1.5.2.18

reliabilitydifferentiation

measuresintendedforthesocio-economicoptimisationoftheresourcestobeusedto

buildconstructionworks,takingintoaccountalltheexpectedconsequencesoffailuresandthecostoftheconstructionworks

1.5.2.19

basicvariable

partofaspecifiedsetofvariablesrepresentingphysicalquantitieswhichcharacterise

actionsandenvironmentalinfluences,geometricalquantities,andmaterialproperties

includingsoilproperties

1.5.2.20

maintenance

setofactivitiesperformedduringtheworkinglifeofthestructureinordertoenableittofulfiltherequirementsforreliability

NOTEActivitiestorestorethestructureafteranaccidentalorseismiceventarenormallyoutsidethe

scopeofmaintenance.

1.5.2.21

repair

activitiesperformedtopreserveortorestorethefunctionofastructurethatfalloutsidethedefinitionofmaintenance

1.5.2.22

nominalvalue

valuefixedonnon-statisticalbases,forinstanceonacquiredexperienceoronphysicalconditions

1.5.3Termsrelatingtoactions

1.5.3.1

action（F）

a）Setofforces（loads）appliedtothestructure（directaction）;

b）Setofimposeddeformationsoraccelerationscausedforexample,bytemperature

changes,moisturevariation,unevensettlementorearthquakes（indirectaction）.

1.5.3.2

effectofaction（E）

effectofactions（oractioneffect）onstructuralmembers,（e.g.internalforce,moment,

stress,strain）oronthewholestructure（e.g.deflection,rotation）

1.5.3.3

permanentaction（G）

actionthatislikelytoactthroughoutagivenreferenceperiodandforwhichthevariationinmagnitudewithtimeisnegligible,orforwhichthevariationisalwaysinthesamedirection（monotonic）untiltheactionattainsacertainlimitvalue

1.5.3.4

variableaction（Q）

actionforwhichthevariationinmagnitudewithtimeisneithernegligiblenormonotonic

1.5.3.5

accidentalaction（A）

action,usuallyofshortdurationbutofsignificantmagnitude,thatisunlikelytooccuronagivenstructureduringthedesignworkinglife

NOTE1Anaccidentalactioncanbeexpectedinmanycasestocausesevereconsequencesunlessappropriatemeasuresaretaken.

NOTE2Impact,snow,windandseismicactionsmaybevariableoraccidentalactions,dependingontheavailableinformationonstatisticaldistributions.

1.5.3.6

seismicaction（AE）

actionthatarisesduetoearthquakegroundmotions

1.5.3.7

geotechnicalaction

actiontransmittedtothestructurebytheground,fillorgroundwater

1.5.3.8

fixedaction

actionthathasafixeddistributionandpositionoverthestructureorstructuralmembersuchthatthemagnitudeanddirectionoftheactionaredeterminedunambiguouslyfor

thewholestructureorstructuralmemberifthismagnitudeanddirectionaredeterminedatonepointonthestructureorstructuralmember

1.5.3.9

freeaction

actionthatmayhavevariousspatialdistributionsoverthestructure

1.5.3.10

singleaction

actionthatcanbeassumedtobestatisticallyindependentintimeandspaceofanyotheractionactingonthestructure

1.5.3.11

staticaction

actionthatdoesnotcausesignificantaccelerationofthestructureorstructuralmembers

1.5.3.12

dynamicaction

actionthatcausessignificantaccelerationofthestructureorstructuralmembers

1.5.3.13

quasi-staticaction

dynamicactionrepresentedbyanequivalentstaticactioninastaticmodel

1.5.3.14

characteristicvalueofanaction（Fk）

principalrepresentativevalueofanaction

NOTEInsofarasacharacteristicvaluecanbefixedonstatisticalbases,itischosensoastocorrespondtoaprescribedprobabilityofnotbeingexceededontheunfavourablesideduringa"referenceperiod"takingintoaccountthedesignworkinglifeofthestructureandthedurationofthedesignsituation.

1.5.3.15

referenceperiod

chosenperiodoftimethatisusedasabasisforassessingstatisticallyvariableactions,

andpossiblyforaccidentalactions

1.5.3.16

combinationvalueofavariableaction（0Qk）

valuechosen-insofarasitcanbefixedonstatisticalbases-sothattheprobabilitythattheeffectscausedbythecombinationwillbeexceededisapproximatelythesameasbythecharacteristicvalueof