高考英语高三英语二轮专项复习阅读表达.docx
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高考英语高三英语二轮专项复习阅读表达.docx
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高考英语高三英语二轮专项复习阅读表达
高三英语二轮专题复习
阅读表达
Passage1
TOKYO(Reuters)-Japanplanstovaccinate6,000medicalworkersandquarantineofficerswithstockpiledbirdfluvaccinestochecktheireffectivenessandpossibleside-effects,thehealthministrysaidonTuesday.
Theplan,whichfollowssuggestionsmadebysomelawmakersandexpertsthatvaccinationstakeplacebeforeafearedflupandemic,willbesubmittedtoapanelofexpertsforapprovalonWednesday,anofficialsaid.
Ifapproved,vaccinationwilltakeplacebeforetheendofthefiscalyearinMarch2009,andmarkthefirstcaseintheworldinwhichthevaccines--basedonstrainsoftheH5N1virusfromChinaandIndonesia--havebeengiventosuchalargegroupofpeoplepriortoapossiblepandemic.
Japanhasstockpiledvaccinesfor10millionpeopleusingstrainsoftheH5N1virusfromChina,IndonesiaandVietnam.Sofarthegovernment'sstancehasbeentousethemonlyafterabreakout.
Ifthefirstvaccinationisdeemedeffective,theministrywillconsidervaccinatinganadditional10millionpeople,mainlythoseinvolvedinmaintainingsocialinfrastructuresuchasgasandelectricitynetworks,theofficialsaid.
Whileitisimpossibletopredictwhatstrainoftheviruscouldtriggerapandemic,themainsuspectistheH5N1birdfluvirusthathaskilledmorethan200globally.
Thegovernmentestimatesthatinacaseofapandemic,aquarterofthepopulationcouldbeinfectedwiththevirusandthatupto640,000peoplewoulddie.
ThestockpiledvaccineshavealreadybeenapprovedinJapanandhavebeenproducedbytheResearchFoundationforMicrobialDiseasesofOsakaUniversityandtheKitasatoInstitute,theministrysaid.
Therehavebeen238humandeathsgloballyfromtheH5N1strainsince2003,withVietnamandIndonesiaaccountingformostfatalities,theWHOsaid.
73.WhywillJapanvaccinatesomanymedicalworkersandquarantineofficerswithstockpiledbirdfluvaccines?
(不超过8个字)
74.OnlyunderwhatcircumstancedoestheJapanesegovernmentusethestockpiledvaccines?
不超过10个字)
75.Ifthefirstvaccinationproveseffective,whowillbemainlyinvolvedinthevaccinationatonce?
(不超过8个字)
Passage2
Startinginthe1800s,hundredsofthousandsofAmericansdecidedtomoveawayfromtheoriginal13coloniesandmovewest.StateslikeOregonandCaliforniadidn’texistyet;infact,noonehadevendrawnacompletemapofthearea.ExplorerslikeLewisandClarkewerethefirsttobravenatureandhostileNativeAmericanstoexploretheland,andsettlerssoonfollowed.Notliketoday-thereareairplanesandroads,thetrektotheWestwashard.AndlifeintheWildWestwasdifficult.
Whenpioneersarrivedattheirdestination,theirjourneyonlyjustbegan.Withfewresources,settlershadtorelyonthemselvesandtheland.Huntingwildanimalsprovidedsomefoodandtheleatherforclothing.Newsettlersalsogatheredwildfruits,nuts,andberriesuntiltheycouldplanttheirowncrops.
Pioneerfamiliestendedtobelarge.Childrenwerehelpfulinnewlands.Girlssoonlearnedimportanthouseholdtasks–gathering,cooking,spinning,weaving,mending,sewing,andmakingsoapandcandles.Boysworkedinthewoodandfieldswiththeirfathers.Theylearnedtochopwood,toclearoutbrushesandtobuildfences.
Ofcourse,pioneershadmoretoworryaboutthanjusteverydayhouseholdduties.ThearrivalofsomanyAmericansonthewesternfrontiersparkedawarwithMexicooverland.Aspioneersdemandedmoreland,problemswithNativeAmericantribesalsoincreased.ManytribesresistedandfoughtbackagainsttheAmericangovernmentandsettlers,butallofthetribesweredefeated.
Throughtheirlaborsandaccomplishments,pioneershelpeddefinethecharacterofAmerica.Lookingforopportunityandhappiness,familiesriskedtheirlivestobuildnewcommunitiesfarfromthesettledeastcoast.
73.What’sthewholepassagetalkedabout?
(回答词数不超过5个)
74.WhywaslifeintheWildWestdifficult?
(回答词数不超过5个)
75.WhatwastheprobableattitudeofNativeAmericantribestowardsthenewsettlers?
(回答词数不超过6个)
Passage3
Desegregation(废止种族隔离)ofhighereducationhasproducedsignificantimprovementsineducationforallAmericans.Theopeningupofsegregatedcollegesanduniversitiestostudentsofallracialandethnicbackgroundscameaboutonlyastheresultofmanyformsofprolongedstruggleinthecourts,inthestreets,andoncampuses.Theeffortstoopenuphighereducationalopportunitiesforblacksinhistoricallywhiteinstitutionsalsoledtoexpandedopportunitiesforlowandmiddle–classwhitestudents,especiallyatinstitutionsthatadopted"openadmissions"policiesofacceptingallhighschoolgraduates.
Between1960and1981,whilethenumberofblackstudentsbetweentheagesofeighteenandtwenty-fourenrolledincollegeincreasedfrom34,000toover750,000,thenumberofwhitestudentsinthesameagegroupgrewfromjustover2milliontoover6.5million.
In1960morethanone-halfofblacksattendingcollegeswereenrolledathistoricallyblackinstitutions.By1981thatpercentagehaddeclinedtojust18percent.Mostoftheblacksenrolledintraditionallywhiteinstitutions,however,wereattwo-yearcommunitycollegesoratfour-yearpubliccollegesthatwerebecomingorhadalreadybecomepredominantly(主要地)black.
Desegregationofhighereducationproduceddifficultproblemsforhistoricallyblackinstitutionsthathadalwaysstruggledundergreathardshiptoprovidehighereducationforblackswhenblackshadbeenbarredfromwhiteinstitutions.Historicallyblackinstitutions,however,havecontinuedtoproduceahighpercentageofthemosteducationallyandprofessionallysuccessfulblacksintheUnitedStates.
Meanwhile,blacksinpredominantlywhiteinstitutionshaveachievednotableprogress,buttheyhavealsoencounteredvariousproblems.
Collegecompletionratesforyoungblackshaveincreasedconsiderably,buttheyareonlyaboutone-halftherateforyoungwhites.In1981,forexample,11.5percentofblacksagedtwenty-fivetotwenty-nineand21.3percentofwhitesinthatagegrouphadcompletedcollege.
BlackscontinuetobeconsiderablyunderrepresentedingraduateandprofessionalschoolsintheUnitedStates.Duringtheearly1980sblackscomprisedabout6percentofstudentsingraduateschoolandmedicalschoolandabout4percentofalllawschoolstudents.Blacksalsoreceivedabout4percentofalldoctoraldegrees,butoverhalfofthesedegreeswereconferredinonedisciplineeducation.Ingeneral,sincethecryof"reversediscrimination"wasraisedduringthemiddleofthe1970s,blackprogressinhighereducationhasbeenslowedandperhapsevenreversed.
73.Whatbroughtabouttheopeningupofsegregatedcollegesanduniversities?
(回答词数不超过7个)
74.Accordingtothepassage,wheredidthemosteducationalandprofessionalsuccessfulblacksgraduatefrom?
(回答词数不超过5个)
75.WhatcanbeinferredaboutthehighereducationforblacksintheUnitedStates?
(回答词数不超过10个)
Passage4
Cultureshockisaspecialdiseaseforpeoplewhohavesuddenlymovedtoaforeigncountry.Likemostillnesses,ithasitsownsymptomsandcures.
Cultureshockiscausedbytheanxietythatresultsfromlosingallfamiliarsignsofsocialcommunication.Thosesignsincludemanywaysinwhichweareusedtothesituationofdailylife:
whentoshakehandsandwhattosay,whenwemeetpeople,whenandhowtogivetips,howtodoshopping,whentoacceptandrefuseinvitations,whentotakestatementsseriouslyandwhennot.Thesesigns,whichmaybewords,gestures,facialexpressions,orcustoms,areacquiredbyallofusinthecourseofgrowingupandasmuchapartofourcultureasthelanguagewespeakorthebeliefsweaccept.Allofusdependonhundredsofthesesigns,mostofwhichwedonotcarryonthelevelofconsciousawareness.
Nowwhenapersonentersastrangeculture,allormostofthesefamiliarsignsareeliminated.Nomatterhowbroadmindedorfullofgoodwillyoumaybe,aseriesofsupportshavebeenremovedfromunderyou,followedbyafeelingoffailureinmuchthesameway.Firsttheyrejecttheenvironmentwhichcausesdiscomfort."Thewaysofthehostcountryarebadbecausetheymakeusfeelbad."Whenforeignersinastrangelandgettogethertocomplainaboutthehostcountryanditspeople,youcanbesurethattheyaresufferingfromcultureshock.
Anotherphraseofcultureshockisregression(退化)?
Thehomeenvironmentsuddenlybecomesveryimportant.Totheforeigner,everythingbecomesunreasonablybeautified.Allthedifficultiesandproblemsareforgottenandonlythegoodthingsbackhomeareremembered.Itusuallytakesatriphometobringonebacktoreality.
73.Inwhatsituationdopeoplesufferfromcultureshock?
(回答词数不超过8个)
74.Whatdopeoplesufferingfromcultureshockusuallydo?
(回答词数不超过9个)
75.Whatcausescultureshockaccordingtothepassage?
(回答词数不超过10个)
Passage5
Resourcescanbesaidtobescarceinbothanabsoluteandrelativesense:
thesurfaceoftheEarthisfinite,imposingabsolutescarcity;butthescarcitythatconcernseconomistsistherelativescarcityofresourcesindifferentuses.Materialsusedforonepurposecannotatthesametimebeusedforotherpurposes;ifthequantityofaninputislimited,theincreaseduseofitinonemanufacturingprocessmustcauseittobecomelessavailableforotheruses.
Thecostofaproductintermsofmoneymaynotmeasureitstruecosttosociety.Thetruecostof,say,theconstructionofasupersonic(超声速的)jetisthevalueoftheschoolsandrefrigeratorsthatwillneverbebuiltasaresult.Everyactofproductionusesupsomeofsociety'savailableresources;itmeanstheforegoingofanopportunitytoproducesomethingelse.Indeciding
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