过去完成时.docx
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过去完成时.docx
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过去完成时
过去完成时
1、含义:
过去完成时表示某一动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作,它表示发生的时间为“过去的过去”。
2、构成:
had+(not)+过去分词
一般疑问句:
Had+主语+过去分词+其她?
肯定回答:
Yes,主语+had、
否定回答:
No,主语+hadn’t、
例句:
By the time he got to the airport, the plane had taken off、
---Hadtheplanetakenoffbythetimehegottotheairport?
---Yes,ithad、/No,ithadn’t、
3、用法
1.过去完成时就是一个相对的时态。
只有与过去的某个时间或动作相比较时才会用到。
常见的时间状语(从句)由by,before,when,bytheendof,bythetime,until等引导。
①Hehadworkedinthatschoolforthreeyearsbeforehecametoourschool、
她来我们学校之前已经在那所学校工作了三年。
(解析:
由时间状语beforehecametoourschool、可知,前面就是在此之前所发生的事情,表过去的过去,应该用过去完成时。
)
②MyparentshadbeguntoworkbythetimeIgotup、
在我起床的时候我父母已经开始工作了。
③I had learned 1000 English words until then、
到那时为止我已经学会了 1000 个英语单词。
2.过去完成时还可以表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或状态一直延续到过去某个时间并可能延续下去。
常与“for+时间段”或“since+时间点”连用。
注意:
与现在完成时一样,与时间相关的要用延续性动词。
①ThefilmhadalreadybeenonforhalfanhourwhenMilliegottothecinema、
当Millie到达电影院的时候,电影已经开始了半个小时了。
(解析:
begin就是短暂性动词,不与表示一段时间的时间状语连用;电影在Millie到达电影院之前就开始了,就是过去的过去,应当用过去完成时。
)
WhenJackarrived,Maryhadbeenawaysinceanhourago、
②当杰克到达时,玛丽已经离开差不多一个小时了。
拓展:
非延续性动词
延续性动词
buy
have
borrow
keep
open
beopen
close
beclosed
begin/start
beon
come
behere
go
bethere
finish
beover
die
bedead
catchacold
haveacold
puton
wear
wakeup
beawake
fallasleep
beasleep
lose
nothave
join
bein
leave
beaway
arrive/reach
be
3.过去完成时经常用于主句为一般过去时的宾语从句中,表示从句动作先于主句动作发生。
如在told,said,knew,heard,thought等动词引导的宾语从句中。
Shesaid(that)shehadneverbeentoParis、
她说她从来没有去过巴黎。
IthoughtthatIhadseenhimbefore、
我觉得我以前见过她。
4.在表示过去概念的句子中,常出现与完成时态连用的词,如:
already,yet,since,for,ever,never及表次数的词,此时句子常用过完成时。
①ImetJiminthestreetyesterday、Wehadn’tseeneachothersincehewenttoBeijing、
我昨天在街上碰到了吉姆。
自从她去北京后,我们彼此没有见过面。
②Mary said it was at least five years since he had enjoyeda good drink、
(解析:
It was + 时间段+since 引导的从句中用过去完成时。
)
练习题
1.Theteacher________theofficeforafewminuteswhenwearrived.Wedidn’tmeethim.
A.haveleftB.hadleftC.hadbeenawayfrom
【答案】C
【解析】由whenwearrived可知,主句应该用过去完成时,首先排除A;由forafewminutes可知,谓语动词应该用延续性动词。
2.Theboy________hismistakebeforehisteachertoldhim.
A.realizesB.hasrealized
C.hadrealizedD.wouldrealize
【答案】C
【解析】由时间状语beforehisteachertoldhim可知,前面就是在此之前所发生的事情,表过去的过去,应该用过去完成时。
3.They________abouteighthundredEnglishwordsbytheendoflastterm.
A.havelearnedB.hadlearned
C.willlearnD.aregoingtolearn
【答案】B
【解析】由bytheendoflastterm可知,这里应该用过去完成时。
4.—Ihearthebeginningofthismovieisveryexciting.
—Whatapity!
WhenIgottothecinemayesterday,thefilm________forseveralminutes.
A.beganB.hadbegun
C.hadbeenonD.hasbeenon
【答案】C
【解析】begin就是短暂性动词,不与表示一段时间的时间状语连用;电影在“我”到达电影院之前就开始了,就是过去的过去,应当用过去完成时。
5.Themeeting________bythetimeIgotthereyesterday.
A.wasonB.hasbeenon
C.hadbegunD.hasbegun
【答案】C
【解析】“我昨天到那儿”就是过去的事情,“会议开始”发生在“我到那儿”之前,应就是过去的过去。
故用过去完成时。
6、BythetimeIlockedthedoor,IrealizedI________mykeysathome.
A.hadrepairedB.hadchanged
C.hadforgottenD.hadleft
【答案】D
【解析】句意为“到我锁门的时候,我才意识到把钥匙忘在家里了”,表示“把某物遗忘在某处”要用leave,时态就是过去完成时。
7.YesterdayImetSandy.We________eachothersince________middleschool.
A.haven’tseen;finished
B.haven’tseen;finishing
C.hadn’tseen;finished
D.hadn’tseen;finishing
【答案】D
【解析】“我们自从中学毕业后就没有见过面”就是发生在昨天之前的事,应当用过去完成时;since就是介词,后面用动名词。
8、Helen________herkeysintheofficesoshehadtowaituntilherhusband________home.
A.hasleft;comes
B.left;hadcome
C.hadleft;came
D.hadleft;wouldcome
【答案】C
【解析】hadtowait说明事情发生在过去,而“将钥匙忘在办公室”的动作发生在“等丈夫回家”之前。
9.BythetimeIgotup,mymother_______、
A、leftB、hadleftC、hasleftD、isleaving
【答案】B
【解析】bythetime意为“在……之前”,根据语境可知“离开”这一动作发生在“起床”之前,根据gotup为过去式,判断使用过去完成时表达。
10.Tomwasdisappointedbecausemostoftheguests________whenhe________attheparty.
A.left;hadarrived
B.left;arrived
C.hadleft;hadarrived
D.hadleft;arrived
【答案】D
【解析】guests先“离开”,Tom后“到达”。
11.—Whyareyoulateagain?
—Ioverslept,and________Igottothebusstop,thebushadleft.
A.afterB.while
C.bythetimeD.attime
【答案】C
【解析】bythetime意为“到……时候”。
12.He________toplay________beforehewas11yearsold.
A.hadlearned;piano
B.hadlearned;thepiano
C.haslearned;thepiano
D.learns;piano
【答案】B
【解析】时间状语beforehewas11yearsold就是过去时,主句的动作发生在这个时间之前,表示“过去的过去”,应当用过去完成时;piano就是西洋乐器,与play连用时,前面应当加the。
13.BythetimeIgothome,mymother________dinnerforme.
A.cookedB.hadcooked
C.wascookingD.iscooking
【答案】B
【解析】由“bythetime+表示过去的时间状语从句”可知,主句应该用过去完成时。
14.Bytheendoflastmonth,he________inthearmyforoneandahalfyears.
A.joinedB.hadjoined
C.hasbeenD.hadbeen
【答案】D
【解析】句意:
到上个月月末为止,她已经参军一年半了。
由句意可知应该用过去完成时,首先排除A与C,join就是瞬间动词,不能与时间段连用,因此答案为D。
15.—DidyouseeMrSmithwhenyouwereinFrance?
—No.WhenI________France,he________toChina.
A.hadarrivedin;hadgone
B.arrivedin;hasbeen
C.gotto;hadgone
D.hadgotto;hadbeen
【答案】C
【解析】句意:
——当您在法国的时候,您见到史密斯先生了不?
——没有,当我到达法国的时候,她已经去了中国。
由语境可知,when引导的从句用一般过去时表过去的时间点,主句则就是在这之前所发生的事,因此答案为C。
16.Hetoldusthathe________thelettersinthemorning.
A.willpostB.haveposted
C.waspostingD.hadposted
【答案】D
【解析】考查宾语从句。
当主句就是一般过去时时,从句应该用相应的过去时态,由题意可知用过去完成时。
【解析】由bytheendoflastyear可知,应该用过去完成时。
17.—DidyoumeetTomattheairport?
—No.Hisplane________bythetimeI________there.
A.hastakenoff;got
B.tookoff;hadgot
C.tookoff;arrived
D.hadtakenoff;arrived
【答案】D
【解析】由语境可知,bythetime后引导的时间状语从句应该用一般过去时表过去的时间点,主句则应该用过去完成时表示在过去的过去所发生的事情。
18、We had our tests、 Then we had a long holiday、( 用过去完成时连接两句)
Before we ________________________, we _____________________________
19、He showed us the picture、 Then he showed us around the house、
用过去完成时连接两句)
Before he _______________________, he______________________________、
14、After we had had our tests, we had a long holiday、
15、 Before he showed us around the house, he had showed us the picture、
1、 We _____________ (paint) the house before we moved in、
2、 That rich old man _____________ (make) a decision before he died、
3、 They _____________ (study) the map of the country before they left、
1.I had sold the ticket when she came、(改否定句)
I hadn't sold the ticket when she came、
2.She had sung a song to us before she danced、(改否定句)
She hadn't sung a song to us before she danced、
5.Lucy had already completed the project when I arrived、(改一般疑问)
Had Lucy completed the project when I arrived yet?
检测题
1.Bynineo’clockyesterdayevening,we________ourwork.
A.havefinishedB.finished
C.hadfinishedD.finish
【答案】C
【解析】由by后的时间状语可知,应该用过去完成时。
2.We________fourthousandnewwordsbytheendoflastyear.
A.learnedB.hadlearned
C.havelearnedD.willlearn
【答案】B
3.I________alltheexercisesbeforemyteachercollectedtheexercisebooks.
A.havefinishedB.finished
C.hadfinishedD.finish
【答案】C
【解析】从beforemyteachercollected…可知时态应用过去完成时,故答案就是C。
4.JustbeforetheEnglishclass,IsuddenlyrealizedthatI________myEnglishtextbookathome.
A.forgotB.hadforgotten
C.leftD.hadleft
【答案】D
【解析】本句表示动作发生在“过去的过去”,且句中有athome地点状语,只能用leave,所以答案选D。
家庭作业
1. He ______ in Shanghai University for four years before he ______ Beijing、
A、 studied, had gone B、 had studied, went C、 has studied, goes D、 had studied, had gone
解析:
"她去北京之前在上大学学习了4年 "。
在上海学习的动作发生在去北京之前,因此第一个空应用过去完成时。
此题选B。
2. Mary said it was at least five years since he ______ a good drink、
A. enjoyed B、 was enjoying C、 had enjoyed D、 would enjoy
解析:
It was + 时间段+since 引导的从句中用过去完成时。
应选C。
3、 Xiao Pei said she ______ Hainan for 3 months、
A、 has been in B、 had been in C、 had been to D、 had gone to
解析:
"小培说她去了海南三个月 "。
have been to 与have gone to 都就是短暂性的动词短语。
所以适应表示状态的have been in、 应选B、
2、 What ___ Jane ____ by the time he was seven?
A、 did, do B、 has, done C did, did、 D、 had, done
答案:
D
5. By the time my parents reached home yesterday, I _____ the dinner already、
A had cooked B、 cooked C、 have cooked D、 was cooked
答案:
A
5、 The robbers _____________ (run away ) before the policemenarrived、
6、 I __________ (turn off) all the lights before I went to bed、
7、 Paul went out with Jane after he (make) a phone call、
8、 Tom said he ___________ (read) the book twice、
9、 Our plan failed because we _____________ (make) a bad mistake、
答案:
had run away 、 had turned off 、 had made 、 had read 、had made
1、They began to climb the mountain after they had bought all the food and drinks、(否定)
They didn't begin to climb the mountain after they had bought all the food and drinks、
2、By the time he got to the airport, the plane had taken off、 (改一般疑问)
Hadtheplanetakenoffbythetimehegottotheairport?
3、By 10:
00 a、m, I had been very hungry、 (改一般疑问)
Had you been very hungry by 10:
00 a、m?
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