英语高一英语阅读理解科普环保试题有答案和解析.docx
- 文档编号:26956184
- 上传时间:2023-06-24
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:28
- 大小:36.21KB
英语高一英语阅读理解科普环保试题有答案和解析.docx
《英语高一英语阅读理解科普环保试题有答案和解析.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《英语高一英语阅读理解科普环保试题有答案和解析.docx(28页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
英语高一英语阅读理解科普环保试题有答案和解析
【英语】高一英语阅读理解(科普环保)试题(有答案和解析)
一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类
1.犇犇阅读短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
Robotsarenowbeingemployednotjustfordangeroustasks,suchasdiscoveringminesorrescuingpeopleindisasters.Theyarealsofindingapplicationashouseholdhelpsandasnursingassistants.Asincreasingnumbersofmachines,equippedwiththelatestartificialintelligence,takeonagrowingvarietyofspecializedandeverydaytasks,thequestionofhowpeopleseethemandbehavetowardsthembecomesevermoreurgent.
AteamledbySariNijssenofRadboudUniversityandMarkusPaulus,ProfessorofDevelopmentalPsychologyatLudwig-Maximilians-Universitaet(LMU),havecarriedoutastudytodeterminethedegreetowhichpeopleshowconcernforrobotsandbehavetowardsthembasedonmoralprinciples.
AccordingtoSariNijssen,thestudysetouttoanswerthefollowingquestion:
"Underwhatcircumstanceswouldadultsbewillingtosacrificerobotstosavehumanlives?
"Theparticipantswerefacedwithahypothetical(假设的)moraldilemma:
Wouldtheybepreparedtoputasinglepersonatriskinordertosaveagroupofinjuredpersons?
Inthesituationspresentedtheintendedvictimwaseitherahuman,ahumanoidrobotthathadbeenhumanized(人性化的)tovariousdegreesorarobotthatwasclearlyrecognizableasamachine.
Thestudysuggestedthatthemoretherobotwashumanized,thelesslikelyparticipantsweretosacrificeit.Situationsthatincludedvividstoriesinwhichtherobotwasdescribedasamercifulbeingorasacreaturewithitsownunderstandings,experiencesandthoughts,weremorelikelytostopthestudyparticipantsfromsacrificingitintheinterestsofanonymous(无名的)humans.
"Thisresultindicatesthatourstudygroupattachedacertainmoralstatustotherobot,"saysPaulus."Onepossiblesuggestionofthisfindingisthatattemptstohumanizerobotsshouldnotgotoofar.Sucheffortscouldcomeintoconflictwiththeirintendedfunction—tobeofhelptous."
(1)Whathasbecomeaconcernaboutrobots?
A. Howtohumanizethem.
B. Howtotreattheminlife.
C. Howtousethemeffectively.
D. Howtofindmoreapplications.
(2)Inthestudytheparticipantsprobablyhavetodecide________.
A. whentosacrificearobot
B. wheretoexperiencerisks
C. whichrobottoworkwith
D. whatrobotsshouldbelike
(3)WhatcanbeinferredfromPaulus'words?
A. Humanizedrobotsofferlesshelptopeople.
B. Humanizingrobotstoomuchmaybeimproper.
C. Certainmoralstatusshouldbeattachedtorobots.
D. Conflictsoftenhappenbetweenhumansandrobots.
(4)Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?
A. Robots,AMustforFuture
B. HumanizedRobots,ANewTrend
C. RobotSaved,PeopleTaketheHit
D. HumanizedRobots,ReplaceHuman
【答案】
(1)B
(2)A
(3)B
(4)C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,随着越来越多的机器人具有人性化,它们承担越来越多样化的专业和日常任务,人们如何看待他们,如何对待他们的问题变的迫在眉睫。
(1)考查细节理解。
根据第一段中的“Asincreasingnumbersofmachines,equippedwiththelatestartificialintelligence,takeonagrowingvarietyofspecializedandeverydaytasks,thequestionofhowpeopleseethemandbehavetowardsthembecomesevermoreurgent.”可知,随着越来越多的机器装备了最新的人工智能,承担着越来越多的专业和日常任务,人们如何看待它们以及如何对待它们的问题变得越来越紧迫。
故选B。
(2)考查细节理解。
根据第三段中的“AccordingtoSariNijssen,thestudysetouttoanswerthefollowingquestion:
‘Underwhatcircumstanceswouldadultsbewillingtosacrificerobotstosavehumanlives?
’"可知,在这项研究中,参与者可能必须决定何时牺牲机器人。
故选A。
(3)考查推理判断。
根据最后一段中的"‘Thisresultindicatesthatourstudygroupattachedacertainmoralstatustotherobot,’saysPaulus."Onepossiblesuggestionofthisfindingisthatattemptstohumanizerobotsshouldnotgotoofar.Sucheffortscouldcomeintoconflictwiththeirintendedfunction—tobeofhelptous."可知,Paulus认为让机器人人性化的尝试不应该走得太远,可以推断出,Paulus认为过多地人性化机器人可能是不合适的。
故选B。
(4)考查主旨大意。
根据第四段中的“Thestudysuggestedthatthemoretherobotwashumanized,thelesslikelyparticipantsweretosacrificeit.”及全文内容可知,文章主要叙述了随着越来越多的机器人具有人性化,参与者就可能越不会牺牲机器人。
因此标题“机器人被拯救,人类就会承受打击”最切题,故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查,是一篇科教类阅读,要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上,进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析,推理,概括和归纳,从而选出正确答案。
2.犇犇阅读理解
Accordingtoarecentstudy,anewgeneticallymodifiedricecanpreventinfectionsofHIV,thevirusresponsibleforthediseaseAIDS.
Thestudyreportsthenewly-developedriceproducesproteinsthatattachdirectlytotheHIVvirus.Thisprocesspreventsthevirusfrommixingwithhumancells.Thescientistssayitcanremovetheeffectofthevirusandblockitsspreading.
TheJointUnitedNationsProgramonHIV/AIDSreportsthatworldwide,nearly37millionpeoplewerelivingwithHIVin2017.Theorganizationsaysthelargestnumberofthoseareindevelopingcountries.Nearlytwo-thirdsofHIVcasesareinAfrica.NowthereisnocureforHIV/AIDSthoughtherehavebeendevelopmentsinoraldrugtreatmentstoslowtheprogressionofthedisease.
Thenewstudypredictstherice-basedmethodwillleadtolong-termuseoftheanti-HIVtreatmentacrossthedevelopingworld.Researcherssaidthe"groundbreaking"discoveryis"realisticallytheonlyway"thatanti-HIVcombinationtreatmentscanbeproducedatacostlowenoughforthedevelopingworld.
Theysaytheeasiestandmostcost-effectivewaytousethericewillbetomakeitintoacreamtobeputontheskin.TheHIV-fightingproteinscanthenenterthebodythroughtheskin.Peopleallovertheworldcouldgrowthericeandmakethecreamthemselves.Thiswouldpreventthecostandtravelrequiredformanypatientstoreceivetreatmentsandmedicine.
Theprocessofchangingthegeneticstructureoffoodcropshasbeendebatedforsometime.Criticsofgeneticallyengineeredcropsbelievetheycanharmpeople.Thescientificteamsaysfurthertestingisneededtoensurethatthegeneticengineeringprocessdoesnotproduceanyadditionalchemicalsthatcouldbedangeroustopeople.
(1)Whatdoestheauthorintendtodoinparagraph3?
A. StresstheurgencyofHIVtreatments.
B. ProvidesomedataaboutHIV.
C. RemindreadersofHIVprevention.
D. IntroduceHIVtothepublic.
(2)Inwhichwaywillthericebeusedatthelowestcost?
A. Bytransformingitintoproteins.
B. Byaddingittoanoraldrug.
C. ByattachingittotheHIVvirus.
D. Byprocessingitintoacream.
(3)Whatcanweinferaboutthegeneticengineeringprocess?
A. ItcanpreventinfectionsofHIV.
B. Itcanproducedangerouschemicals.
C. Itstillrequiresperfecting.
D. Itappliestothedevelopedworld.
(4)Fromwhichisthetextprobablytaken?
A. Abiologytextbook.
B. Ahealthmagazine.
C. Asocialwebpage.
D. Afirstaidbrochure.
【答案】
(1)A
(2)D
(3)C
(4)B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了科学家培育出可预防艾滋病病毒感染的转基因水稻。
研究人员表示,这一“突破性”的发现是“现在唯一的”以低成本为发展中国家生产抗艾滋病毒联合治疗的方法,但还有待于进一步的完善。
(1)考查推理判断。
根据第三段中的“nearly37millionpeoplewerelivingwithHIVin2017....NowthereisnocureforHIV/AIDSthoughtherehavebeendevelopmentsinoraldrugtreatmentstoslowtheprogressionofthedisease”可知,“2017年全世界有近3700万人感染艾滋病毒。
尽管口服药物治疗已经有了进展减缓了疾病的发展,但现在还没有治愈艾滋病毒/艾滋病的方法”。
由此可推断出对于艾滋病的治疗迫在眉睫,非常紧迫。
分析选项可知A项符合题意,故选A。
(2)考查细节理解。
根据第五段中的“Theysaytheeasiestandmostcost-effectivewaytousethericewillbetomakeitintoacreamtobeputontheskin.”可知,最简单、最划算的使用方法是将大米制成面霜涂在皮肤上。
“themostcost-effective”与“thelowestcost”是同义词,“makeitintoacream”与“processitintoacream”是同义的。
故选D。
(3)考查推理判断。
根据最后一段中的“Thescientificteamsaysfurthertestingisneededtoensurethatthegeneticengineeringprocessdoesnotproduceanyadditionalchemicalsthatcouldbedangeroustopeople.”可知,科学研究小组认为要进一步的测试,以确保基因工程过程不会产生任何可能对人类有害的额外化学物质。
由此可推断这种基因工程的过程还需要进一步的完善。
故选C。
(4)考查推理判断。
纵观全文可知,本文介绍了最近的一项研究,一种新的转基因水稻可以预防艾滋病病毒的感染。
因此与人类的健康有关,所以本文可能是出现在健康杂志上,故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查,是一篇科研类阅读,考生需要准确捕捉细节信息,同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理,从而选出正确答案。
3.犇犇阅读理解
Inourtwenties,wefinditfunnywhenwecan'trememberourneighbor'scat'snameorahandsomeactorwhostarredinafamousmovie.Inourthirties,wejokinglycallit"brainfreeze".Inourforties,welaughitoffasa"seniormoment"andfollowupwithoneoftheseoldagejokes.Buttherealityisthattherecomesapointwhenbeingforgetfulstopsbeingfunnyandstartstoseemabitdreadful.Youthink,"AmIlosingit?
"Orworse,"IsthisasignofAlzheimer'sdisease(老年痴呆症)?
"
Well,don'tworry.Thefactthatyourecognizeyourownforgetfulnessmaybeaverygoodsign,atleastintermsofthepossibilityofyourdevelopingAlzheimer'sdisease(AD).Theresearchersinanewstudyshowthatit'snotforgetfulnessbutnotbeingawarethatwe'reforgetfulthatweshouldfear.
TheresearchersbeganwiththeassumptionthatonecommonfeatureofAlzheimer'sdis-easeisadamagedawarenessofillness.Andtheywantedtoprovetheirtheorythatthelackofawarenesscanbeusedtopredictwhethersomeonewith"mildcognitive(认知的)damage"willprogresstofull-onAD.Forthestudy,"mildcognitivedamage"wasdefinedassomeonewhosementalstatewasconsideredhealthybutwhohadeithercomplainedofmemorylossorhadsufferedobjectivememoryloss.
Theresearchersusedexistingdatafor1,062peoplebetweentheagesof55and90thathadbeenrecordedovera12-yearperiod.Thedataincludedbrainscans,whichtheresearchersusedtolookforvisualsignsofreducedglucoseuptake(葡萄糖吸收).ItisanobjectivemarkerofthesortofreducedbrainfunctionthatgoesalongwithAD.Asexpected,glucoseuptakewasreducedinthosewithAD.Whattheresearchersalsodiscoveredwasthatglucoseuptakewasreducedinthosewithmildcognitivedamagewhoalsoshowedevidenceofreducedillnessawareness.Finally,theresearchersfoundthatthosewhohadreducedillnessawarenessweremorelikelytodevelopADthanthosewithout.
(1)Whatcanbeimpliedfromparagraph1?
A. Peoplecanbe
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 英语 阅读 理解 科普 环保 试题 答案 解析