口语话题之环境演示教学.docx
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口语话题之环境演示教学.docx
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口语话题之环境演示教学
口语话题之环境
Environment
环境类高频词:
资源
Non-renewableresources不可再生资源
Renewableresources可再生资源
Toslowdowntherateofresourcedegradation降低资源消耗率
Todeveloprenewableresoureces开发可再生资源
Resouceconservation资源保护
mineralresources矿产资源
industrialmaterials工业材料
energyresources能源资源
fossilfuels(coal,oil,andnaturalgas)矿物燃料(煤、石油、天然气)
nuclearfuels核燃料
refusederivedfuels从废料中提取的燃料
animaldungasfuel动物粪便作燃料
renewableenergy可再生资源
non-renewableenergy不可再生资源
non-pollutingenergy无污染能源
cleanenergy清洁能源
nuclearenergy核能
solarenergy太阳能
tidalenergy潮汐能
waveenergy波浪能
windenergy风能
energyconservation能源保护
energypolicy能源政策
危机
Environmentdegradation环境恶化
Uncontrolledurbanization城市化失控
Todischargeindustrialpollutants排放工业污染物
Industrialsolidwastes工业固体废物
Rateofdeforestation森林砍伐率
Endangeredspecies濒危动物
Waterandsoilerosion水土流失
Afforedtedareas/greeningspace绿化面积
Forestcoverage森林覆盖率
Pesticideresidue农药残留
Viciouscycleofpoverty贫困的恶性循环
Air/water/noise/lightpollution空气水噪音光污染
Airquality空气质量
Sourceofpollution污染源
Suspendedparticles悬浮颗粒物
Sootemissions烟尘排放
Notoriousvehicleexhaust汽车尾气排放
Exhaustfumes尾气
Whitepollution白色污染
Touseandlittternon-degradablewhiteplastics使用和乱扔不可降解塑料制品
Bio-degradableplasitcbags可降解一次性塑料袋
政策措施
Natureconservation自然保护
Environmentalplanning环境规划
Ecodevelopment生态发展
Environmentalpolicy环境政策
China’sguidingprinciplesforenvironmentalprotection中国环保基本方针
Toprusurthestrategyofsustainbaledevelopment推行可持续发展战略
ThebasicpoliciesofChina’senvironmentalprotectio中国环保基本政策
Policyofpreventioninthefirstplaceandintegratingprevenionwithcontrol预防为主、防治结合的政策
Tointegratepreventionwithcontrol防治结合
“the-polluters-pay”policy污染者负担的政策
Policyoftighteningupenvioronmentalmanagemnent强化环境管理的政策
Toconductenvironmentalimpactassessments(EIA)onstart-upprojects对新项目实行环境影响评估
Toraiseenvironmentalawarenessamongstthegeneralpublic提高全民环保意识
Tocurbenvironmentalpollution/bringthepollutionundercontrol治理环境污染
Toprotectforestsfromoverexploitation防治过度利用森林
Environment-friendlyagriculture/ecoagriculture生态农业
Toturnthecountrygreen绿化祖国
NationalTree-PlantingDay全民义务植树日
Environment-friendlyproducts环保产品
Naturereserve自然保护区
Naturalecosystem自然生态系统
Eco-demonstrationregion/environment-friendlyregion生态示范区
Todesignanddevelop设计开发
Gas-fueledvehicles天然气汽车
Cell-drivenvehicles/batterycars电动汽车
Exhaustpurifier尾气净化器
Lead-freegasoline无铅汽油
Watertreatment水处理
Sewagetreatmentplants污水处理厂
Treatmentrateofindustrialeffluents工业废水处理率
Treatmentrateofdomesticsewage城市污水处理率
Multipurposeuseofthreetypesofwastes(wastewater,wastegas,solidwaste)三废综合利用
WorldEnvironmentDay世界环境日
ConnectwiththeWorldWideWebofLife世界万物生命之网(2001年世界环境日主题)
GiveEarthaChance让地球充满生机(2002年世界环境日主题)
参考文章:
WhatCanWeDoAboutGlobalWarming?
First,keepinmindthegoal,whichistobringthepotentiallycatastrophicwarmingundercontrolbycurtailingthereleaseofcarbondioxideandotherheat-trappinggasesintotheatmosphere.
Ordinarypeoplecanhelpimmediatelybybecomingmoreenergyefficient.Stopusingthefamiliarincandescentlightbulbsandreplacethemwithcompactfluorescentbulbs,whichlastmuchlongeranduseonlyaquarteroftheenergyconsumedbyconventionalbulbs.
Compactfluorescentbulbsaresignificantlymoreexpensive,butbecausetheylastsolong(upto10timesthelifeofastandardbulb)andusesolittleelectricity,theyaresubstantiallycheaperinthelongrun.
Next,whenshoppingforanappliance--arefrigerator,adishwasher,anair-conditioner--selecttheonewiththehighestenergyefficiencyrating.Therewillbeastickerontheappliance,tellingyouhowmuchenergyituses.Payattention.Therecanbeadifferenceof30percentto40percentormoreintheamountofenergyconsumedbyapplianceswithcomparablefeatures.
Evenmoreimportantisthechoiceyoumakeinthecarortruckyoubuy.MotorvehiclesareresponsibleforaboutathirdofthecarbondioxideemissionsintheUnitedStates.Thevehiclesthatarethemostfuelefficientemittheleastcarbondioxide.(Fueleconomyandcarbondioxideemissionsareinverselyproportional.Ifyoudoublefueleconomy,youcutcarbondioxideemissionsinhalf.)
AccordingtotheresearchandadvocacygroupEnvironmentalDefense,ifyoubuyanewcarthatgets10moremilespergallonthanyouroldcar,theamountofcarbondioxidereductionrealizedinoneyearwillbeabout2,500pounds.
Sobuyingacarortruckthatsuitsyourneedsandisfuelefficientisabighelp.
HondaandToyotaarebringingso-calledhybridvehiclesontothemarketintheU.S.Hybridsarecarsthatcombineaninternalcombustionengineandabattery-poweredelectricmotor.Theyaremid-sizedcarsthatareachievingtwicethefueleconomyofconventionalcars.
Dr.PaulEpstein,associatedirectoroftheCenterforHealthandtheGlobalEnvironmentatHarvardMedicalSchool,summedthematterupasfollows:
"Theissueisnotsomuchwhatwearedoing,buthowwepowerwhatwearedoing.That'sthefirststep."
Overthelongterm,therequirementsarefarmoreambitious.Ideally,overthecourseofthenext100orsoyears,atransformationwilltakeplaceandmostenergywillendupcomingnotfromfossilfuelslikecoalandoil,butfromcleanenergysources--thesun,thewind,hydrogenandnon-pollutingfuelcells.
"Togetthereatacostthat'saffordablewillrequiresubstantialtechnologicaldevelopment,"saidDr.MichaelOppenheimer,thechiefscientistofEnvironmentalDefense.
Tomovefromourpollution-chokedpresenttoafutureinwhichclimatechangeisnotamortalthreatwilltakemorethanthatall-importantfirststepofanenlightenedcitizenrybuyingcleanercarsandmoreefficientappliances.ToughactionbyCongressandthepresidentisneeded,andsoon.Andinternationalcooperation,withenforceableagreementscoveringbothindustrializedand,ultimately,developingnations,willbecrucial.
Amongotherthings,thefederalgovernmentcanoffersubsidiesandotherincentivestoreducethecostandfostertheuseofexistingclean-energytechnology,andtoencouragethedevelopmentofevermoreefficientnewtechnologies.Andthegovernmentcan--andshould--developmoresophisticatedstrategieslikeemissionstradingandmorestringentrequirementsforreducingcarbondioxideemissionseverywhere.
Globalwarmingisthemostseriousproblemwefaceinthe21stcentury.LastweekanintensiveanalysisbyarespectedgeologistatTexasA&MUniversity,suggested--asmostscientistshavebeensayingforsometimenow--thathumanactivity,notnaturalfactors,istheprimarycauseofthewarming.
Wecausedtheproblemandwehavewithinourgraspavarietyofpotentialsolutions.Toignorethosesolutions,tobeawareofthembutnotmakeuseofthem,isnotjustprofoundlydestructive,it'ssuicidal.
(byBobHerbert
PublishedonMonday,July17,2000intheNewYorkTimes)
空气污染:
Airpollution,whichcanbeseeninmanypartsoftheworld,isoneoftheseriousproblemstheworld‘speoplearefacingtoday.Asisindicatedfromthepicture,thepoisonousgascomingfromthefactories,automobilesandhousespollutetheairwithoutwhichcannotlive.Thereisnodenyingthatmanypeopleaswellasscientistshavebeenawareofdangersairpollutionbringstopeople.
Thefirstcategoryofdangersithasbroughtistheharmtoourhealth.Nearlyeveryoneknowsthatseriousairpollutionirritateoureyes,causesustocoughandmakesusgetmoreseriousdiseases.Airpollutionisnotonlydangeroustopeoplebutalsodetrimentaltooursurroundingsandourdailylife.Itcorrodesourbuilding,damagescropsandforestsandcausesbothairplaneandautoaccidentsbecauseitcutsdownvisibility.Furthermore,thepollutantsintheairmaytravelthroughtheairwithwind;asaresult,airpollutioncanspreadfromcitytocity,evenfromcountrytocounty.Soairpollutionisreallyaglobalproblem.
Ascanbeseenfromtheabovedangers,airpollutioncostourhumanbeingsagreatdealofmoney.Therefore,itmustbeworthwhiletospendmoremoneyandeffortsonairpollutioncontrol.
水资源短缺:
Itiswidelybelievedthatfreshwaterwillneverbeusedupduetoitsrichresourcessuchasrain,riversandwells.Infact,suchbeliefisunfortunatelywrongandpossiblydangerous.Asisdepictedinthepicture,wearefacingseriousshortageoffreshwater,especiallyinthenorthernpartofChina.Thelandinsomeareashasbecomebarrenandthereisnowatercomingfromthepumps.Definitely,thepictureremindsusoftheserioussituationweareconfronting.
Shortasitis,peoplestillwasteit.Withthegrowthofpopulationandindustry,theamountoffreshwaterinuseisalsogrowingrapidly.Itisestimatedthatifnotcontrolled,freshwaterwillbeusedupbythenextcentury.Anotherdangerousfactoristhewaterpollution,whichaggravatestheseriousnessoffreshwatershortage.
Itisnouseonlybeingawareoftheshortageoffreshwater.Itisnevertoolateifweactrightnow.Thefirstimportantmeasureistoprotectourwaterresourcesformbeingpolluted.Educatingpeopletosavewaterindailylifeisofsimilarsignificance.Techniquessuchasrecyclingwastewaterandconvertingseawaterintodrinkablewaterareespeciallyneededindryareas.Itisonlywhenthesemeasuresareputintopracticecantheshortageoffreshwaterbesolved.
The Problems of Plastic Bags塑料袋问题
Plastic bags have found their way into a wide area of everyday life. They are applied in big supermarkets, ordinary shops, small stores and street markets. People put in plastic bags everything they buy. They no lon
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