届高考英语一轮复习阅读理解训练细节理解一doc.docx
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届高考英语一轮复习阅读理解训练细节理解一doc.docx
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届高考英语一轮复习阅读理解训练细节理解一doc
阅读理解■细节理解(-)
A
(2017年湖南长沙高三年级统一模拟考试)Inbetweenrunningoneoftheworld'slargestcharitableagenciesandactingasMicrosoft'stechnologyadvisor,BillGatesmanagestofindtimetoreadbooks,bothlongandshort.NowGates—whohasbeenlabeleda勺reedy"reader—hasreleasedalistofhisfavoritebooks.AIIofthebooksarestandoutreads,accordingtothebillionaire,mostofwhicharefocusedonbusinessandeconomy.
HereareBi『stopfourpicks(withpartsofhisfullreviewofeachbook).
BusinessAdventures,byJohnBrooks
Brooks'collectionwaspublishedin1969andremainsoneofGates1favorites.Here-readitagainthisyear,labelingitthebestbusinessbookhehaseverread.
"Shortlyafterwemet,WarrenBuffettlentmethiscollectionofbusinessarticlesfromTheNewYorker\vovc\the1950sand1960s.Ilovedthemasmuchashedid.Brooks"insights(洞察力)intobusinesshaveagedbeautifully,andtheyareastruetodayasever/1
CapitalintheTwenty・Fi「stCentury,byThomasPiketty
Piketty'snovelhittheshelvesinAugust2013andsparkedmuchdiscussionconcerningincomeinequalitythroughoutthisyear.GatesalsogottositdownwithPikettyhimselfafterreadingthenon-fictionworktodiscussthetopic.
〃AsItoldhim,althoughIhaveconcernsaboutsomeofhissecondarypointsandpolicyprescriptions,Iagreewithhismostimportantconclusions:
inequalityisagrowingproblemandgovernmentsshouldplayaroleinreducingit."
HowAsiaWorks,byJoeStudwell
StudwelTswork,whichwaspublishedinMay2014,addresseshowcountriessuchasJapan,SouthKoreaandChinahavecontinuedtoachievehighgrowth,andwhyothercountrieshavefailedtodothesame.
"Theagriculturesectionofthebookwasparticularlyinsightful.ltprovidedamplefoodforthoughtformeaswellasthewholeagricultureteamatourfoundation.AnditleftusthinkingaboutwhetherpartsoftheAsianmodelcanapplyinAfrica/'
MakingtheModernWorld:
MaterialsandDematerialization,byVaclaySmil
Smil'sbooksareaconstantfavoriteoftheMicrosoft'sfounder—oneofhisbooksmakesGates1listalmosteveryyear."MakingtheModernWorld"cameoutlatein2013andexplorestheglobaluseofmaterials,fromsilicontowoodandplastic.
"Ifanyonetriestotellyouwe'reusingfewermaterials,sendhimthisbook.Withhisusualskepticismandhisloveofdata,Smilshowshowourabilitytomakethingswithfewermaterials一say,sodacansthatneedlessaluminum一makesthemcheaper,whichactuallyencouragesmoreproduction/1
【语篇解读】本文介绍了比尔•盖茨喜欢阅读的四本关于商业和经济的书。
1.Thebooksmentionedinthetextareallabout.
A.charityintheworld
B•businessandeconomy
C•povertyintheworld
D•BillGates'lifeexperienee
B[考查细节理解。
根据第一段的最后一句"Allofthebooksarestandoutreadszaccordingtothebillionaire,mostofwhicharefocusedonbusinessandeconomy."可知f比尔•盖茨喜欢的这些书都是优秀读物,其中大部分书与商业和经济有关,故B项正确。
]
2•OfthebookszisbestpraisedbyBillGates.
A.HowAsiaWorks
B.CapitalintheTwenty-FirstCentury
C•BusinessA(Ventures
D•MakingtheModernWorld\Materialsand
Dematerialization
C[考查细节理解。
根据第三段的第二句"Here-readitagainthisyearzlabelingitthebestbusinessbookhehaseverread/1可矢口,BusinessAdventures
比尔•盖茨称赞的,故C项正确。
]
3•Gatesoncehadapersonaldiscussionwiththeauthorof.
A•CapitalintheTwenty-FirstCentury
B.BusinessAdventures
C•HowAsiaWorks
D.MakingtheModernWorld:
Materialsand
Dematerialization
A[考查细节理解。
根据第五段的第二句"GatesalsogottositdownwithPikettyhimselfafterreadingthenon-fictionworktodiscussthetopic."可矢口z比尔•盖茨和Capitalinthe厂“677AQ/?
血/y这本书的作者坐下来交谈过z故A项正确。
]
4.InHowAsiaWorks,theauthoranalyses.
A•whyAfricanagriculturecannotdevelopfast
B•howtheycanapplyAsianeconomicmodelinAfricancountries
C•whyAsiaisslowinagriculturaldevelopment
D•howsomeAsiancountrieshaverapidlygrownineconomy
D[考查细节理解。
根据第七段中的"addresseshowcountriessuchasJapan,SouthKoreaandChinahavecontinuedtoachievehighgrowth"可矢口,HowAsiaWorks主要介绍了一些亚洲国家如日本、韩国和中国是如何快速发展经济的,故D项正确。
]
(2017年河南省郑州市高中毕业年级第二次质量预测)Whenpeopleargueaboutwhethercoffeeisgoodforhealth,they'reusuallythinkingofthehealthofthecoffeedrinker.Isitgoodforyourheart?
Doesitincreasebloodpressure?
Doesithelpyouconcentrate?
However,coffeeaffectsthehealthofthehumanpopulationinotherways,too.
Traditionally,coffeebushesareplantedunderthecanopy(树荫)oftallertrees.However,moreandmorefarmersinLatinAmericaaredeforestingthelandtogrowfull-suncoffee.Atfirst,thisincreasesproductionbecausemorecoffeebushescanbeplantediftherearen'tanytrees.Withincreasedproductioncomeincreasedprofits.
Unfortunately,deforestingforcoffeeproductionimmediately
decreasesthelocalwildlifehabitat,becausenativebirdsnestandhidefrompredators(捕食者)onthetalltreesandmigratingbirdsrestthere.
Furthermore,inthelongterm,thefull-sunmethodalsodamagestheecosystembecausemorechemicalfertilizersandpesticides(杀虫剂)areneededtogrowthecoffee.Thefertilizersandpesticideskillinsectsthateatcoffeeplants,andthenthebirdseatthepoisonedinsectsandalsodie.Thechemicalskillorsickenotheranimalsaswell,andcanevenenterthewaterthatpeoplewilleventuallydrink.
Fortunately,farmersinCentralandSouthAmericaarebeginningtogrowmorecoffeebushesintheshade.Wecansupportthesefarmersbybuyingcoffeewithsuchlabelsas"shade-grown"and"bird-friendly".Sure,thesevarietiesmightcostalittlemore.Butwe'repayingforthehealthofthebirds,theland,ourselves,andtheplanet.Ithinkit'sworthit
【语篇解读】本文是一篇科普说明文。
通过拉丁美洲的农民种植咖啡作物的事例说明了咖啡作物长在树下对生态系统的重要性。
1•Whichopiniondoestheauthoragreewith?
A•Peopleshouldbuyfull-suncoffee.
B•Shade-growncoffeeshouldbesupported.
C•Farmersshouldchangetheplacestogrowcoffee・
D.Pesticidesshouldbeforbiddenincoffeeplanting.
B[考查细节理解。
根据第五段的第二句"Wecansupportthesefarmersbybuyingcoffeewithsuchlabelsas'shade-growrfand"bird-friendlyr."可矢口z作者支持农民种植对鸟类无害的长在树下的咖啡作物,故B项正确。
]
2.Comparedwiththetraditionalmethod,whatadvantagedoesthefull-sunmethodhave?
A.Itcanprotecttheecosystem・
B.Itcanpromotepeople'shealth.
C.Itcanprovidemorenestsforbirds.
D.Itcanincreasetheproductionofcoffee・
D[考查细节理解。
根据第二段的最后两句"Atfirst,thisincreasesproductionbecausemorecoffeebushescanbeplantediftherearen'tanytrees.Withincreasedproductioncomeincreasedprofits."可知z全阳光照射这种方法能提高咖啡豆的产量,增加利润,故D项正确。
]
3.Howdofarmersgetmorelandtogrowfull-suncoffee?
A.Theycutdowntrees.
B•Theymovetoothercountries.
C•Theyturngrasslandintofarmland.
D•Theybuymorelandfromotherfarmers.
A[考查细节理解。
根据第二段的第二句nHowever,moreandmorefarmersin
LatinAmericaaredeforestingthelandtogrowfull-suncoffee."可知,农民通过砍伐树林来种植全阳光照射的咖啡作物,故A项正确。
]
4•Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?
A.Itisquiteworthwhiletobuyshade-growncoffeeatanycost.
B•Farmersallhaverealizedtheimportaneeofprotect!
ngtheenvironmentnow.
C•SouthAmericanfarmersaretakingactiontoplantcoffeebushesinthetraditionalway.
D•Thefull-sunmethoddoesgoodtothehealthofhumanbeingsinthelongrun.C[考查推理判断。
根据第五段的第一句"Fortunately,farmersinCentralandSouthAmericaarebeginningtogrowmorecoffeebushesintheshade."并结合第二段的第一句可推知,中南美洲的农民意识到了咖啡作物长在树下的重要性,他们开始改变种植方法,选择传统的种植方法,故C项正确。
]
C
(2017年海口调硏)
VolunteeringIsFun
OneafternoonIwassittingathomefeelingsobored.Insteadoffeelingsorryformyself.IwantedtomeetpeopleandhavenewexperiencessoIdecidedtostartvolunteering.IsearchedonmycomputerandfoundawebsitewhereIcouldvolunteeronafarminFrance.
Mytimeworkingonafarmwasanewexperieneeforme.ltwasbasicallyafreeholidayasfoodandaccommodationwereprovided.However,itwasnotyourtypicalholidayasIhadtolookafterfifteenhorsesandsleepatthetopofatowerinacastle!
IwasanawfulfarmerbutitdidnotmatterbecauseImadesomegreatfriends.
However#youdonotneedtogoabroadtovolunteer.!
havehadplentyofadventuresathomeasvolunteeringcanbecomeahobby.Forexample,IlovesingingsoIhadagoodlaughwavingmyarmsinanattempttoconductmylocalchoir.Ididslowlyimproveanditfeltgreattoconductthechoirinaconcert.Atuniversity,Iorganisedaconcertforcharitywithmyfriends.ltwasreallyfunfindingbandsandraisingmoneyforacausewebelievein.
Itistruethatyoufeelgoodvolunteeringbuttherearealsootheradvantages.Ioncevolunteeredasaserveratacharitysportseventwheretheorganizersgavemecupcakestothankmeformyservices.IalsovolunteeredinacharityshopsoIfoundloadsofnicecheapclothestoupdatemywardrobe(衣柜).
Whilethisisallfunfmyfavouriteaspectofvolunteeringiscreatingandsharingstories.Myterribleattemptsatfarminghavegivenmehilariousstoriestotell!
Talkingtovolunteersfromdifferentcountriesandbackgroundshasalsohelpedmelearnmoreabouttheworld.Ifeelthankfultohavehadsomuchfunwithmanynicepeoplethankstovolunteering.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。
作者认为做志愿者很有趣,并生动地描绘了他的几次志愿者经历,最后指岀在做志愿者的同时,自己还收获了其他的很多东西,感激之情油然而生。
1.Whydidtheauthorwanttovolunteer?
A.Hewantedtogoabroad・
B.Hefeltashamedofhimself.
C•Hewantedtotastenewlifeandmakefriends.
D.Hewantedtobeafarmer.
c[考查细节理解。
由第一段最后一句可知,作者找到一份在法国的一个农场做志愿者的工作,A项说作者自己想出国,故排除;B项中的“feltashamed^与第一段的第二句中的"Insteadoffeelingsorry"不符;作者找的志愿者工作是在农场,但并非他本人想做
农民fD项错误。
C项中的"tastenewlife〃和第一段的第二句中的"havenewexperiences11意思一致z"makefriends"和关键句中的"meetpeople"意思一致。
故选C。
]
2•Theunderlinedword"hilar
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