定语从句教师用.docx
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定语从句教师用.docx
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定语从句教师用
定语从句(专题)
●导入:
●知识点精讲:
一、语法知识:
定语从句:
例句:
1、ThecamelthatIrodehadabadtemper.
2、Thegamesthattheylovethemostarecricketandrugby.
语法全解:
1)、在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
2)、定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词;定语从句一般用关系代词或关系副词来引导,关系词放在先行词与定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作从句中的一个成分。
引导定语从句的关系代词有:
that,who,whom,whose,which,as
关系副词有:
when,where,why.
一)、关系代词
1、that引导的定语从句
that既可以指代有生命的人或动物,也可以指代无生命的物。
在定语从句中,充当主语或宾语。
Heisthegentlemanthatwantstohelpus.(做主语)
ThisisthebookthatIwanttobuy.(做宾语)
1)TheEnglish-Chinesedictionary____D_____myfatherboughtformemanyyearsagoisstillofgreatvalue.
A、whoseB、whenC、whoD、that
关系代词只能用that的情况
1)当先行词是alot,few,all,little,much,none,anything,something,everything,nothing等词时
如:
Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.
InthisfactoryIsawlittle/muchthatwasdifferentfromours.
Isthereanythingthatyoudon’tunderstand?
Shedidin’tforgetanythingthathermotherhadtoldhertobuy.
(2)当先行词被all,any,no,much,(a)little,some,few,every,等限定词所修饰时。
如:
Weheardclearlyeverywordthathesaid.
Theyhaven’tgotanydictionariesthatweneed.
(3)当先行词是序数词或被序数词所修饰时。
如:
Thefirstthingthatshouldbedoneistogetthetickets.
WhenpeopletalkaboutHangzhou,thefirstthatcomestomindistheWestLake.
ThisnovelisthesecondbestonethatIhaveeverread.
(4)当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级所修饰,如:
Isthatthebestthatyoucando?
That’sthemostexpensivehotelthatwe’veeverstayedin.
(5)当先行词被thevery,theonly,thenext,thelast,thesame等所修饰时。
如:
ThisistheverybookthatIwanttofind.
(6)当先行词为一个既指人又指物的并列词组时。
如:
Hetoldusmanyinterestingpeopleandthingsthatwehadneverheard.
TheguestsspokehighlyofthechildrenandtheirperformancesthattheysawattheChildren’sPalace.
Shedescribedinhercompositionsthepeopleandplacesthatimpressedhermost.
(7)当主句是以which,who,what开头的特殊疑问句时。
如:
Whichisthecarthatkilledtheboy?
Whoisthepersonthatismakingthislecture?
Whichisthehotelthatyoulikebest?
What istheanimalthatbabyissleepinginitspocket?
8)作表语只用that,它既可以指人,也可以指物,但时常省略。
如:
Heisnolongerthemanthatheusedtobe.
Thisisnolongerthedirtyplace(that)itusedtobe.
2、which引导的定语从句
当先行词是物时,定语从句可用which引导,which在句中做主语或宾语。
Shetoldusastorywhichmovedusdeeply.(做主语)
Thehousewhichtheylivedinwasverymodern.(作宾语)
注意:
1、that的先行词即可是人又可是物,但which的先行词只能是物
2、当定语从句所修饰的先行词是事物时,大多数情况下which和that可以互换,但是当紧跟在介词后时,只能用which而不能用that。
Thisistheroominwhichmyfatherlivedlastyear.
3、引导非限制性定语从句时不能用that,只能用which。
Hehadfailedinthemathexam,whichmadehisfatherveryangry.
3、who/whom引导的定语从句
who/whom引导的定语从句,先行词是人。
Who在定语从句中做主语或宾语,whom在定语从句中只能做宾语。
注意:
如果引导词紧接在介词之后,那么只能用whom,而不能用who。
Thepolicemanwhohelpedusisverywell.(做主语)
Ishetheactorwho/whomyoutalkedaboutyesterday?
(做宾语)
Ishetheactoraboutwhomyoutalkedjustnow?
(做宾语)
(注意:
定语从句中做宾语的关系代词whom也可用who代替,但是who不能用与介词后。
在非限制性定语从句中,whom不可用who替代。
)
Ihappenedtomeettheprofessor(whom/who)Igottoknowatapartyintheshoppingcenteryesterday.
1)、Pleasepassmethecartoonbook__D____hasaMickeyMouseonthecover.
A、whomB、whoseC、whoD、which
2)MrSmithisanexcellentteacher__C_____alwaysgivesuslivelylessons.
A、whomB、whoseC、whoD、which
用关系代词who或which填空
1、Sheisthegirl______livesnextdoor.
2、Thisisabook______tellsaboutEnglishgrammar.
3、Theprofessor_________youwanttoseehascome.
4、Wegotonthebus_________waswaitingthere.
5、Theboy________brokethewindowyesterdayisnowbeingcriticized.
用关系代词who或whom填空
6、Theman_________wrotethisbookisafriendofLinda’sfather.
7、Isthatthegirl_________youtalkedaboutyesterday?
8、Isthatthegirlabout_______youtalkedyesterday.
用关系代词which或that填空
9、Theman_________wesawthismorningisMrBrown.
10、Thethings_______weareinterestedinaresoordinarysometimes.
11、Thethingsin_______weareinterestedaresoordinarysometimes.
12、Itseemedthattherewasnothing__________theycoulddo.
13、Thisisthethirdbook________waswrittenbytheyoungnovelist.
14、Friendshipsareoneofthefewthings________improvewithage.
15、Mygrandmotherlikestellingusaboutthepersonandthings_______sheremembers.
4、whose引导的定语从句
Whose的先行词通常是人,也可以是物,在定语从句中做定语。
I’mtalkingwithapersonwhosenameisWangLin.
MrGreenlivesinahousewhoseroofisblue.
Theyarelookingforabookwhosecoverisbroken.
当whose的先行词是物时,这时可以与ofwhich结构互换,词序是:
“名词+ofwhich”,如:
Theycametoahousewhosebackwallhadbrokendown..(=thebackwallofwhich)
He’swrittenabookthenameofwhichI’vecompletelyforgotten.(=whosename)
1)、------Isthereanyonehere________nameisBetty?
A、whomB、whoseC、whoD、which
2)、“Getnewknowledgebyreviewingtheold”isafamoussayingbyConfucius(孔子).Hewasagreatthinker_______wordsstillhaveagreateffectonmillionsofpeoplearoundtheworldtoday.
A、whoB、who’sC、whose
3)Pleasepassmethedictionary_______coverisblue.
A、whoseB、whichC、whichofD、its
4)Theyrushedovertohelptheman______carhadbrokendown.
A、whomB、whichC、thatD、whose
5)Thereisalakeatthefootofthehill______depthhasneverbeenmeasured.
A、whichB、whoseC、inwhichD、that
6)Herecomesthegirl_______handwritingisthebestinourclass.
A、whichB、whoseC、thatD、what
5、Which、who、that引导的定语从句及引导词的省略
1、关系代词在从句中作宾语时常常省略,在口语中尤为普遍,但在较正式的文体中较少被省略。
Theboy(whom)yousawjustnowisheryoungerbrother.
2、先行词是不定代词all,much,little,something,everything,anything,nothing等时,或先行词被形容词最高级或被
theonly,thefirst等修饰时,作宾语的关系代词that在口语中通常省略。
That’sall(that)Iwanttosay.
Thisisthebestnovel(that)Ihaveeverread.
3、关系代词在从句中做介词宾语时也常常省略。
但是,如果介词位于从句的开头,关系代词不能省略。
Ishetheman(whom)youhadatalkwithyesterday?
Thehouseinwhichweliveisverylarge.
1)Canyoulendmethebook______theotherday?
A、thatyoutalkedB、youtalkedaboutitC、whichyoutalkedtoD、youtalkedabout
2)Thelittleboywaswrappingthepresent_______wouldbesenttohisteacher.
A、whoB、/C、whatD、that
3)Sorry,wedon’thavethecoat______youneed.
A、whatB、whoC、whomD、/
4)Isthattheman______helpedothersalotaftertheearthquake?
A、whomB、whichC、whenD、who
5)-------Iseverything_______weneedtodo______?
------Yes.Youneedn’tworryaboutit.
6)Thegirl______IjusttalkedwithisBen’ssister.
A、/B、whichC、whoseD、when
7)Allthechildrenliketheteachers_______canunderstandthem.
A、/B、whichC、whoD、whom
二)关系副词
1、when的用法:
when指时间,在从句中作时间状语,它的先行词通常有:
time,day,morning,night,week,year等。
When常可用onwhich,inwhich,atwhich,duringwhich等代替。
Aprilthefirstisthedaywhenpeoplemakefunofothers.
=Aprilthefirstisthedayonwhichpeoplemakefunofothers.
IstillrememberthetimewhenIfirsttraveledbyplane.
DoyouknowthedatewhenLincolnwasborn?
2.where指地点,在从句中作地点状语。
它的先行词常有:
place,spot,street,house,room,city,town,country等。
Where常可由inwhich,onwhich,atwhich,towhich等代替。
Therearethefewpointswherewedisagreewitheachother.
=Therearethefewpointswheretowhichwedisagreewitheachother.
ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIstayedlastyear.
Keepthebooksinaplacewhereyoucanfindthemeasily.
Hedidallhisresearchintheroomwherehelived.
3.why指原因或理由,在定语从句中做原因状语,可以用forwhich替代,它的先行词只有reason。
Why不能引导非限制性定语从句,此时只能用forwhich。
如:
Thatisthereasonwhyheisleavingsosoon.
Idon’twanttolistentoanyreasonwhyyouwereabsent.
Isthisthereasonwhysherefusedouroffer?
IhavecomearoundtoexplainthereasonwhyIwasabsentfromthemeeting.
扩展:
1、在下面的句子中,不能用why,只能用that或which
Idon’twanttohearanyreasonthat/whichyoumightgive.(这里that和which在定语从句中作谓语give的宾语)
2、thereasonwhy…..和thereasonthat……
Thereasonthatthecarbrokedowndoesn’tholdwater.车子坏了这一原因是站不住脚的。
(that引导的同位语从句,解释reason的内容,在同位语从句中不作成分)
4、关系副词的省略
1)thetime,everytime,eachtime,themoment等后的关系副词可省略。
Bythetime(when)hewasfourteenyearsold,Einsteinhadlearntadvancedmathematicsallbyhimself.
2)、在某些表示地点的名词后,关系副词有时也可以省略,如theplace等。
Thisistheplace(where)wemetyearsago.
3)、先行词thereason后面的关系副词可省略。
Thereason(why)hedidthatisquiteclear.
Thatistherealreasonhedidit.
注意:
当先行词是表时间的time,day等和表地点的place,house等时,一定要注意分析从句的结构,如果缺少主语或宾语时,关系词应该用which或that,缺少时间状语或地点状语时,才能用when或where,试比较:
I’llneverforgetthedaywhenmyhometownwasliberated.
I’llneverforgetthedayswhich/thatwespenttogetherlastsummer.
Hisfatherworksinafactorywhereradiopartsaremade.
Hisfatherworksinafactorywhich/thatmakesradioparts.
补充知识:
三)、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句
1.限制性定语从句说明先行词的情况,对先行词起限定作用,与先行词关系十分密切,不可用逗号隔开,也不可省略,否则全句意义就不完整。
如:
Thisisthetelegramwhichherefersto.
Isthereanything(that)Icandoforyou?
2.非限制性定语从句只是对先行词作补充说明,没有限定作用,它与先行词的关系比较松散,因而不是关键性的,如果省略,原句的意义仍然完整。
这种从句在朗读时要有停顿,在文字中通常用逗号与主句隔开。
如:
ThisnotewasleftbyTom,whowashereamomentago.
Asaboy,hewasalwaysmakingthings,mostofwhichwereelectric.
引导非限制性定语从句的关系词有:
who,whom,whose,which,when和where,不可以用that和why。
另外,非限制性定语从句从意义上讲,相当于一个并列句,在口语中使用并不普遍,在日常生活中,人们通常用并列句或简单句来表达。
如:
ItoldthestorytoJohn,wholaterdidittohisbrother.
=ItoldthestorytoJohn,andhelatertoldittohisbrother.
YesterdayIhappenedtoseeJohn,whowaseagertohaveatalkwithyou.
=YesterdayIhappenedtoseeJohnandhewaseagertohaveatalkwithyou.
1.在非限制性定语从句中,关系代词作主语,只能用who指人,which指物;关系代词做宾语,常用whom(口语中有时用who)指人,which指物,它们都不能用that代替。
2.关系代词作介词宾语,不论是在限制性定语从句中,还是在非限制性定语从句中,当介词前置时,只能用whom指人,which指物;但如果介词后置,则不受这种限制,关系代词还可以省去,特别是在口语中。
如:
Doyouknowtheboytowhomshewastalking?
Doyouknowtheboy(that)shewastalkingto?
Thepencil(which/that)hewaswritingwithsuddenlybroke
四)当先行词前有s
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