IB04.ppt
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IB04.ppt
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4PartI:
OrganizationofaBusinessPartI:
OrganizationofaBusinessAssessingGlobalConditionsLearningGoals1.Explainmotivesforengagingininternationalbusiness2.Describeglobalopportunities3.Describehowfirmsconductinternationalbusiness4.Explainbarrierstointernationalbusiness5.Explaininfluenceofforeigncharacteristicsonafirmsinternationalbusiness6.Explaineffectsofthemovementsinexchangeratesonbusinessperformance2022/11/72IB-CHAPTER4KeyTermscapitalizeontradebarriers贸易壁垒,贸易障碍suppliesrevenues&earningsassetsimport&exportquotatariffbalanceoftrade贸易平衡,贸易差额/余额tradedeficit贸易逆差,贸易赤字tradesurplus贸易顺差,贸易盈余directforeigninvestmentjointventure2022/11/73IB-CHAPTER4KeyTermslicensingagreementstrategicallianceprivatizationdumpingpoliticalriskappreciates增值depreciates贬值hedge套购保值,套期保值forwardcontract远期合同,期货合同spotexchangerate即期外汇,现汇2022/11/74IB-CHAPTER4MotivestoEngageinInternationalBusinessAttractforeigndemandCapitalizeontechnologyUseinexpensiveresourcesDiversifyinternationally(politicalandeconomicrisk)2022/11/75IB-CHAPTER4AttractForeignDemandReasons:
marketsharedomesticintensecompetitiondemandchangeofconsumertastesTokeepcompanygrow2022/11/76IB-CHAPTER4TheCoca-ColaCompanysGlobalExpansionTheCoca-ColaCompanysGlobalExpansionExhibit6.12022/11/77IB-CHAPTER4CapitalizeonTechnologyBycapilalizingonitstechnology,acompanycanexpandinforeigncountrieswheretechnologyisnotsoadvanced.2022/11/78IB-CHAPTER4UseInexpensiveResourcesLaborcostsLandcosts2022/11/79IB-CHAPTER4ApproximateHourlyCompensationCostsforManufacturingacrossCountriesExhibit6.22022/11/710IB-CHAPTER4DiversifyInternationallyFirmsperformancedependentonmarketdemandeconomicconditionsOverallperformanceofafirmthatconductsinternationallybusinessmaybemorestable.2022/11/711IB-CHAPTER4InternationalBusinessImportingExportingDirectforeigninvestment(DFI)StrategicalliancesOutsourcing2022/11/712IB-CHAPTER4Importing&ExportingMotivesConductingBarriersCharacteristicsExchangeRateExportingImportingTariffQuotaInternet2022/11/713IB-CHAPTER4Importingpurchaseofforeignproductsorserviceslessexpensiveofhigherqualitygovernmenttradebarrierstariffquotadiscouragetrade&protectspecificindustriesfromforeigncompetition2022/11/714IB-CHAPTER4Exportingsaleofproductsorservicestopurchaserslivinginothercountriestradeofbalance=levelofexportslevelofimportsnegativebalancetradedeficitconsumersbenefitfromimportedproductslessrelianceondomesticproductionlargetradedeficittransferofjobstosomeforeigncountriespositivebalancetradesurplus2022/11/715IB-CHAPTER4TrendofU.S.ExportsandImportsExhibit6.42022/11/716IB-CHAPTER4Chinaimportsandexportsandtrendsfromyear1980-20072022/11/717IB-CHAPTER4http:
/http:
/Chinatotalimportsandexportsinformation2022/11/718IB-CHAPTER4DirectForeignInvestment(DFI)feasiblereducetransportationcostsavoidtradebarriersprovideadvancedtechnology&enjoyincentiveslikefreeuseoflandreducelaborcostscost/benefitanalysisLowerCostsTechnologyBarriersTransportationameansofacquiringorbuildingsubsidiariesinoneormoreforeigncountries2022/11/719IB-CHAPTER4ForeignExpansionintheU.S.ForeignfirmsexpandedintotheU.S.by:
Newsubsidiaries.AcquiringU.S.firms.U.S.industriesaresusceptibletoforeigncompetitionlaborcosts.quality2022/11/720IB-CHAPTER4Outsourcingusesworkersfromoutsidethecompanytodoajobtoreduceexpenses2022/11/721IB-CHAPTER4StrategicAllianceabusinessagreementbetweenfirmswherebyresourcesaresharedtopursuemutualinterestsOthertypes:
Jointventure:
anagreementbetweentwofirmsaboutaspecificprojectInternationallicensingagreement:
atypeofallianceinwhichafirmallowsaforeigncompany(licensee)toproduceitsproductsaccordingtospecificinstructions2022/11/722IB-CHAPTER4BarrierstoInternationalBusinessNAFTAGATT-WTOLatinAmericaEuropeanUnionReductioninBarriers2022/11/723IB-CHAPTER4ProtectionRemainingBarriersPunishment2022/11/724IB-CHAPTER4DisagreementsEnvironmentLaborBriberyTaxationcommonlyoccuramongcountries,andwillalwaysexist.Somecommoncauses:
2022/11/725IB-CHAPTER4InfluenceofForeignCharacteristics1)Culture2)EconomicsystemsCapitalismCommunismSocialismPrivatization3)Economicconditionseconomicgrowth4)Exchangerates5)Politicalrisk®ulations2022/11/726IB-CHAPTER4EconomicConditionsEconomicGrowthSensitivity2022/11/727IB-CHAPTER4PoliticalRisk&RegulationsriskthatacountryspoliticalactionsmayadverselyaffectabusinessdometicpoliticalcrisisinterstatepoliticalproblemscorruptionregulatoryclimatePossibleconsequences:
shutdown(temporarily)declineindemandmorecoststakenoverwithoutcompensationimposedhighertaxratesfundsarepreventedfrombeingsent2022/11/728IB-CHAPTER4ImportanceofExchangeInsertExhibit4.6frompage1352022/11/729IB-CHAPTER4ExampleofExportingbyaU.S.FirmExhibit6.82022/11
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