虚拟语气的用法及专项练习题.docx
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虚拟语气的用法及专项练习题.docx
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虚拟语气的用法及专项练习题
虚拟语气的用法及专项练习题(共8页)
虚拟语气的用法及专项练习题
虚拟语气表示一种假设的情况,或一种主观的愿望,即动词所表示的动作或状态并非事实,或不可能实现。
英语虚拟语气的形式有下列几种:
一、与现在事实相反
连接词
条件从句
结果从句
If
1.动词过去式(或were)
2.助动词(过去式)+动词原形
Should
Would+动词原形
could
might
Ifhadthetime,JohnwouldmakeatriptoChinatoseetheGreatWall.
IfIwereyou,Iwouldgiveupdrinkingimmediately.
二.与将来事实相反
连接词
条件从句
结果从句
If
1. should+动词原形
2. 动词过去式
3、wereto+动词原形
Should
Would+动词原形
Could
might
Ifyoushouldlose,whatwouldyoudo
IfIweretoseehertomorrow,Iwouldtellherthetruth.
Ifyouwenttherenexttime,youwouldseewhatImean.
三、与过去事实相反
连接词
条件从句
结果从句
If
had+过去分词
Should
Would+have+过去分词
could
might
IfI’ddnownthatitwasgoingtorain,Iwouldneverhavegoneforawalkinthecountry.
四、虚拟语气的几种特殊用法
省掉if的条件从句结构:
Hadyouaskedme,Iwouldhavetoldyou.(=Ifyouhadaskedme,…)
2.有时虚拟条件不用条件从句而用不定式、分词、介词、名词、连接词或定语从句来表示,如:
Atruefriendwouldnotdosuchathing.(=Ifhewereatruefriend,he...)
(=Iftherewerenowater,…)(=Ifyouhadn’thelpedme,…)
3.有时条件从句中的动作和结果从句中的动作发生的时间不一致,如:
Ifhehadfollowedthedoctor’sadvice,hewouldbequiteallrightnow.
IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavegonehome.
五、虚拟语气的其他用法
1、Suggest,advise等动词之后宾语从句须用虚拟语气,其句子结构如下:
suggest,advise,recommend,demand,
require,insist,urge,request,order,+that…(should)+动词原形
devide,ask,move,propose等
注意:
在此结构中that不可省略;should省不省均可。
Hesuggestedthatthey(should)stopsmoking.
上述动词的名词形式出现时,that引导的从句仍用虚拟语气。
Hemadearequestthatthey(should)stopsmoking.
如果that引导的从句所表达的内容是事实,也可用陈述语气。
Heinsiststhatheisright.
2、Itis(was)+necessary,apity等+that引导的从句须用虚拟语气,其句子结构如下:
imperative,advisable,动词完成式
Itis(was)+important,natural,necessary,+that…(should)+
essential,strange,等动词原形
Itisimportantthatyou(should)followthedoctor’sorders.
Itisrightthatyoushouldhavedoneyourhomework.
3、wish的用法
动词过去式或were—与现在事实相反
主语+wish(that)+主语+动词过去完成式—与过去事实相反
助动词过去试+动词原形—与将来事实相反
IwishIwereapopsinger.(=IamsorryIamnotapopsinger..)
IwishIhadneverstoppedteaching.(=IamsorryIstoppedteaching.)
Iwishthey’dletusgetsomesleep.
注意:
wish与hope接宾语从句的区别在于:
hope表示一般可以实现的希望,宾语从句用陈述语气。
wish表示很难或不大可能实现的希望,宾语从句用虚拟语气。
试比较:
(1)Wehopetheywillcome,(Wedon’tknowiftheycancome.)
(2)Wewishtheycouldcome,(Weknowtheyarenotcoming.)
4、asif,asthough,would(had)rather(that)引导的从句须用虚拟语气,如:
Heactsasifnothinghadhappened.Iwouldratheryoudidn’ttellhim.
5、It’s(high)timethat…+动词过去式或should+动词原形,如:
It’stime(that)youhadahaircut.It’shightime(that)wetooksomeaction.
虚拟语气专项练习一
()1.IfIyou,Iwouldgobyplane.Flyingismuchfaster.
A.beB.wasC.wereD.am
()2.IdonotthinkthosepeoplearereallyEnglish.Iftheywere,theyspeakwishFrenchaccents.
A.don'tB.willnotC.mustn'tD.wouldn't
()3.today,wouldwebeabletogettherebyTuesday
A.WereweleavingB.IfweleaveC.WouldweleaveD.Werewetoleave
()4.IfJonetomorrow,whatwouldyoudo
A.werenottocomeB.willnotcomeC.wouldnotcomeD.hadnotcome
()5.“Shedidn'taskme,soIdidn'thelpher”“Youmeantosay,youwould'vehelpedher”
A.ifsheaskedyouB.ifsheweretoaskyou
sheaskedyouC.wereshetoaskyou
()6.Theytooktheinjuredstraighttothehospital.Otherwisesomeofthem.
A.mighthavediedB.mightdieC.woulddieD.coulddie
()7.Iftheyhadknownhim,tohim
A.wouldtheyhavetalkedB.wouldtheytalktheytalkedD.theywouldtalk
()8.IfIlivedinthecity,Itravealincrowededbuses,butItoseelotsof films.
A.shallhaveto/shallbeableB.shallhaveto/amable
C.wouldhaveto/wereableD.wouldhaveto/wouldbeable
()9.Iwouldhavegonetotheconcert,ifItime.
A.hadhadB.havehadC.hadD.wouldhavehad
()10.Iknowit,Iwouldhavetoldyou.A.HaveB.IfC.HadD.Having
()11.yourhelp,Iwouldnothavesucceeded.
A.BecauseB.BecauseofC.ButD.Butfor
()12.“WhatdidMrSmithsayabouthiscareer”
“Onlythatifheamillionaire,hewouldhavefewerworries.”
A.didnotbecomeB.hadnotbecomeC.doesnotbecomeD.hasnotbecome
()13.“Whydidn'tyouhelphim”“IwouldhaveIdidn'thavethemoney.”
A.stillB.butC.otherwiseD.or
()14.“WhoshouldgotoseeLiYingHeisilltoday.”“IsuggestWangHong.”
A.goesB.wouldgoC.goD.went
()15.Thehousemasterwasstrict.Herequestedthatwetelevisiononweek nights.
A.notwatchB.mustnottowatchC.notbewatchingD.havenotwatch
()16.Ican'tspeakJapanese,butIdowishI.
A.canB.couldC.hadD.speak
()17.“Areyouenjoyingyourstayhere’“Yes,verymuch.IwishIhavetoleavesosoon.”
A.won'tB.don'tC.mustn'tD.didn't
()18.“Whatwillyoudoduringthesummerholidays”
“Idon'tknow,butit'sabouttimeonsomething.”
A.I'mdecidingB.I'lldecideC.IdecidedD.I'ddecided
()19.I'dratheryouanythingaboutitforthetimebeing.
A.sayB.didn'tsayC.don'tsayD.notsay
()20.“Whydoyouhavetobethereatsix”“Theteacherdemandsthateveryoneinhisseatatsix.”
A.wouldbeB.canbeC.beD.willbe
()21.Hemakesanoteoftheassignmentlestheit.
A.forgetsB.forgetC.willforgetD.willnotforget
()22.“howdoesthelibrarianact”“Heactsasifheawalkingdictionary.”
A.wereB.beC.isD.hasbeen
()23.Thereisalawthatdrunkendriversseverelypunished.
A.wereB.areC.beD.willbe
()24.IwishyouinterruptwhenI'mtalkingonthephone.
A.willnotB.wouldnotC.donotD.didnot
()25.Henrytalkstohisdogasifithim.
A.understandsB.understoodC.understandD.wouldunderstand
()26.Jefflookedasifheaghost.
A.sawB.hasseenC.hadseenD.wouldsee
()27.Givehermybestregards,.A.shouldyouseehertodayB.ifyousawhertoday
C.ifyouwouldseehertodayD.shouldyouhaveseenhertoday
()28.Therewasasuggestionbytheteachersthatthemeetingpostponedforaweek.
A.hadbeenB.wouldbeC.wasD.shouldbe
()29.ItishighlydesirablethateveryefforttoreducepollutioninBeijing.
A.wasmadeB.bemadeC.willbemadeD.wouldbemade
()30.Themanagerwouldratherthathiswifeworkinthesameofficeashedose.
A.doesnotB.didnotC.wouldnotD.willnot
()31.Theteacherinsistedthatweallbackbytwoo'clock.
A.beB.tobeC.wouldbeD.shallbe
()32.Ididn'tgotothefootballmatch,butIdowishIthere.
A.wentB.wasC.werebeen
()33.Itishightimewedrugtrafficking.(贩毒)
A.didawaywithB.doawaywithC.didawayD.shoulddoawaywith
虚拟语气专项练习题参考答案
(1)C
(2)D(3)D(4)A(5)C(6)A(7)A(8)D(9)A(10)C
(11)D(12)B(13)B(14)C(15)A(16)B(17)D(18)C(19)B
(20)C(21)B(22)A(23)C(24)B(25)B(26)C(27)A(28)D
(29)B(30)B(31)A(32)D(33)A
关于假使条件虚拟语气需注意的几点
1. 如果从句所假设的谓语动词发生的时间与主句所假设的谓语动词发生的时间不一致,这种假设条件句叫错综时间条件虚拟语气. 其主句和从句谓语动词的构成要根据所假设的时间而定.
1)IfIhadtakenthemedicine,Iwouldbebetternow.
如果我服用了那种药的话,现在就会好些了.
2)Iftheweatherhadbeenfiner,thecropswouldbegrowingstillbetter.
如果(前些日子)天气更好些, 庄稼一定会长得更好.
2.Ifitwerenotfor/hadnotbeenfor…
也是一种条件虚拟语气从句,译为 “要不是因为……”.
1)Ifithadn’tbeenforthedoctor,hewouldn’thaverecoveredsosoon.
2)Ifitwerenotforthelackofspace,wewouldholdthesportsmeettoday.
3. 有些条件是由一些短语引出的 (butfor,with,without;otherwise,or,but,etc,)
1)Wecouldn’thaveachievedsomuchwithoutyourhelp(=Ifwehadnothadyourhelp).
2)Withoutsolarradiation,animalsandplantswoulddie.
3)Withbetterequipment,wecouldhavedoneitbetter.
4)Butforelectricity(=Iftherewerenoelectricity),therewouldbenomodernindustry.
5)Ishouldhavereturnedthebooklastweek,butIwassobusythatIforgottodoso.
6)Hewashavingameeting;otherwisehewouldhavecomeovertohelpus.
7)Hefeltverytiredyesterday,orhewouldhaveattendedtheparty.
4.在某些隐含的虚拟条件简单句中, 虚拟语气可通过上下文表现出来. 谓语动词用虚拟形式.
1)Anymeninhispositionwouldhavedonelikethat.
2)Youshould(oughtto)havecomeearlier.
虚拟语气祈使语气的混合使用
在有些情况下, 条件从句中的谓语由”should+ 原形动词” 构成, 这时主句的谓语动词既可以是虚拟语气或陈述语气, 也可以是祈使语气.
1.Ifitshouldrain,theplanwill/wouldbecalledoff.
2.Shouldanyonephone,pleasetellthemI’mbusy.
3.Evenif(If)itshouldgetstormy,Iwillgo.
表示要求, 建议, 命令的虚拟语气
表示要求, 建议, 命令的从句中, 谓语动词要用should+ 原形动词, 其中可以should 省略. 下列例句可以表示这种虚拟语气.
a. 主宾语从句表示法:
suggest,order,request,advise,require,insist,ask,demand,command,propose等动词后面的宾语从句要用原形动词should+ 原形动词, 可以省略.
1.ThedoctoradvisedthatI(should)takearest.
2.The London dockersdemandedthattheirwages(should)beraised.
3.Heinsistedthatthemeeting(should)notbeputoff.
当suggest,insist 等动词表示”暗示, 坚持说” 时, 其宾语从句中的谓语动词不需要用虚拟语气, 要用陈述语气.
1.AreyousuggestingthatIamnotsuitedforthejob
2.Heinsistedthathewasinnocent.
b. 主语从句表示法:
当以上动词用在下列句型中时, 主语从句也应该用should+ 原形动词
1.Itissuggestedthatthebuilding(should)bepulleddown.
2.Itisorderedthatthework(should)bestartedatonce.
在Itis(was)strange(necessary,wonderful,important,etc.)that…句型中,strange,necessary等后面的主语从句中用should+ 原形动词,should可以省略.
3.Itisstrangethathe(should)refusetocometotheparty.
4.Itisnecessarythatadoctor(should)besentforatonce.
5.Itisimportantthatweshouldlearnfromtoehrs.
e. 表语从句表示法.
suggestion,proposal,order,advice,demand 等名词作主语时,其后面的表语从句中也用虚拟语气, 即should+原形动词,should也可以省略.
1)Myadviceisthatyou(should)giveupsmoking.
c.wish 后面所跟宾语从句要求谓语动词用虚拟语气.
wish thatshe were herewithmeandthatwe weren’t sick. I wish I hadsent theoldmantohospitalintime.
d. 在asif引起的从句中,动词一般用虚拟语气, 通常用
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