全国硕士研究生入学考试英语冲刺试题二 下.docx
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全国硕士研究生入学考试英语冲刺试题二 下.docx
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全国硕士研究生入学考试英语冲刺试题二下
2005年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语冲刺试题
(二)下
【正确答案】
D
[A]stressthesettlementofbiggerproblems.
[B]focustheirattentionongreatissues.
[C]overlooktheremembranceoftrivialthings.
[D]suffermemorydeclinerelatedtoage.
32、Accordingtonewresearch,itsdistinctthat
(本题分值:
2分)
【正确答案】
A
[A]ourbraincellscanbeproducible.
[B]ourmemorymayberenewable.
[C]mostmentalillnessesarecurable.
[D]brainmendingmethodsareavailable.
33、Thephrase“nutsandbolts”inPar.3mostprobablymeans
(本题分值:
2分)
【正确答案】
D
[A]basicstructures.
[B]complextasks.
[C]practicalaspects.
[D]workingparts.
34、Asassertedbyresearchers,ourinabilitytomemorizewordsornamesmainly
(本题分值:
2分)
【正确答案】
A
[A]resultsfromthedecliningefficiencyofbraincells.
[B]resultsinthebrainsliabilitytoradicalinterference.
[C]consistsofdifferentmentaldisorders.
[D]consistsinvariousemotionalproblems.
35、Expertssuggestthatthebestwaytoavoidmemoryfailuresis
(本题分值:
2分)
【正确答案】
B
[A]totakemoredietarysupplements.
[B]tokeepmentalfunctionalive.
[C]tofindanintellectualoccupation.
[D]todomoreintellectualexercises.
二、阅读理解题(每题2分,共40分)阅读下列短文,理解意思后选择下列答案中正确的一个
Non-indigenous(non-native)speciesofplantsandanimalsarrivebywayoftwogeneraltypesofpathways.First,specieshavingoriginsoutsidetheUnitedStatesmayenterthecountryandbecomeestablishedeitherasfree-livingpopulationsorunderhumancultivation-forexample,inagriculture,horticulture,aquaculture,oraspets.Somecultivatedspeciessubsequentlyescapeorarereleasedandalsobecomeestablishedasfree-livingpopulations.Second,speciesofeitherU.S.orforeignoriginandalreadywithintheUnitedStatesmayspreadtonewlocales.Pathwaysofbothtypesincludeintentionalaswellasunintentionalspeciestransfers.Ratesofspeciesmovementdrivenbyhumantransformationsofnaturalenvironmentsaswellasbyhumanmobility-throughcommerce,tourism,andtravel-greatlyexceednaturalratesbycomparison.Whilegeographicdistributionsofspeciesnaturallyexpandorcontractoverhistoricaltimeintervals(tenstohundredsofyears),species-rangesrarelyexpandthousandsofmilesoracrossphysicalbarrierssuchasoceansormountains.
Habitatmodificationcancreateconditionsfavorabletotheestablishmentofnon-indigenousspecies.Soildisturbedinconstructionandagricultureisopenforcolonizationbynon-indigenousweeds,whichinturnmayprovidehabitatsforthenon-indigenousinsectsthatevolvedwiththem.Human-generatedchangesinfirefrequency,grazingintensity,aswellassoilstabilityandnutrientlevelssimilarlyfacilitatethespreadandestablishmentofnon-indigenousplants.Whenhumanchangestonaturalenvironmentsspanlargegeographicalareas,theyeffectivelycreatepassagesforspeciesmovementbetweenpreviouslyisolatedlocales.TherapidspreadoftheRussianwheataphidtofifteenstatesinjusttwoyearsfollowingits1986arrivalhasbeenattributedinparttotheprevalenceofalternativehostplantsthatareavailablewhenwheatisnot.Manyofthesearenon-indigenousgrassesrecommendedforplantingonthefortymillionormoreacresenrolledintheU.S.DepartmentofAgricultureConservationReserveProgram.
Anumberoffactorsperplexquantitativeevaluationoftherelativeimportanceofvariousentrypathways.Timelagsoftenoccurbetweenestablishmentofnon-indigenousspeciesandtheirdetection,andtracingthepathwayforalong-establishedspeciesisdifficult.Expertsestimatethatnon-indigenousweedsareusuallydetectedonlyafterhavingbeeninthecountryforthirtyyearsorhavingspreadtoatleasttenthousandacres.Inaddition,federalportinspection,althoughamajorsourceofinformationonnon-indigenousspeciespathways,especiallyforagriculturepests,providesdataonlywhensuchspeciesenterviaclosely-examinedroutes.Finally,somecomparisonsbetweenpathwaysdefyquantitativeanalysis-forexample,whichismore“important”:
theentrypathofoneveryharmfulspeciesoronebywhichmanybutlessharmfulspeciesenterthecountry?
36、Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutspeciesmovementisbestsupportedbythetext?
(本题分值:
2分)
【正确答案】
D
[A]Humanfactorsaffectspeciesmovementratesmorethanitslong-termamount.
[B]Naturalexpansionsofspeciesaccountfortheirslownaturalcontractions.
[C]Naturalenvironmentscreatedbyhumanactivitiescontributemuchtospeciesmovement.
[D]Long-rangemovementofspeciesdependsonthegeographicextentofhumanmobility.
37、Accordingtothetext,theU.S.DepartmentofAgriculture
(本题分值:
2分)
【正确答案】
A
[A]contributedtothefastdistributionoftheRussianwheataphidtobroadareas.
[B]failedtoisolatetheRussianwheataphidinlimitedlocales.
[C]providesdataaboutforeignspeciesenteringthecountrybyregulatedroutes.
[D]isresponsibleforintroducingharmfulplantsontofederallands.
38、ItcanbeinferredthatallofthefollowingaffectthemovementofspeciesEXCEPT
(本题分值:
2分)
【正确答案】
B
[A]earthfertility.
[B]importrestrictions.
[C]naturalobstacles.
[D]firedisasters.
39、Todeterminetheentrypathwayforanon-nativespeciesisLEASTlikelytodependon
(本题分值:
2分)
【正确答案】
D
[A]whetherthespeciesisconsideredtobeapest.
[B]whetherthespeciesentersbyaclosely-checkedroute.
[C]therateatwhichthespeciesextendsgeographically.
[D]themagnitudeoftheaveragenumberofthespecies.
40、Whichofthefollowingmaybestexpressthechiefpurposeofthelastparagraph?
(本题分值:
2分)
【正确答案】
C
[A]Toexplainthedifficultiesintracingthepathwaysforlong-establishedspecies.
[B]Todescribetheeventsusuallyleadingtothedetectionofanon-indigenousspecies.
[C]Toidentifytheproblemsinassessingtheweightofentrytracksforforeignspecies.
[D]Todiscusstheroleoftimelagsandgeographicexpansionofspeciesinspeciesdetection.三、完形填空(每题2分,共10分)选择下列答案中正确的一个
Ifyoufailtostokeafire,itsflamesatsometimewilldie.YetthegreatfireoftheSunhasburnednonstopforabout5000millionyearswithnoapparentsignofgoingout.41).__PeopleinmanyculturesregardedtheSunasamiraculousgiftfromthegods,quitedifferentfromearthlyfiresandthereforenotlikelytofailthemunlessthegodsweremadeangry.WenowknowthattheSunwilleventuallyburnaway.42).__
TheSuniscomposedofalmost75percenthydrogenand25percenthelium,plusmuchsmalleramountsofoxygen,carbon,neon,nitrogen,magnesium,ironandsilicon.Itisknownasamainsequencestar,onethatshinesbyburninghydrogen.43).__Thus,theSunisbothburningfuelandcreatingit.Asthehydrogenstorediminishes,itsstockofheliumgrows.ThelightandheatcomingnowfromtheSunwereactuallyproducedinitscoremanymillionsofyearsago.
Whenweburnfuelonafire,weareconvertingmatter-woodorcoal-partlyintoenergy.Themoreefficientthefire,themoreheatitproduces.44).__ThislossofhydrogenisslightwhencomparedtotheSunsenormousbulk.Eventhoughitiscomposedoflightgas,theSunweighssome300,000timesasmuchastheEarth.Anditlosesabout4milliontonesofmattereverysecond.45).__
Ifthatsoundsdepressing,takeheart!
IftheSunswitchedoffitspowertomorrow,itwouldbetenmillionyearsyearsbeforeitssurfacecooledsufficientlyforanybodyonEarthtofeelthechill.In5000millionyearstime,humansmaywellhavefoundananswertoimpendingdoom.
41、
(本题分值:
2分)
【正确答案】
A
[A]We,oneearth,soakupatinyfraction-perhapsonehundredmillionth-oftheSunsvastenergy.Therestofitsawesomeoutputofheatandlightvanishesbeyondtheplanetsandintospace.
[B]ScientistspredictthattheSunhasenoughhydrogentokeepthefiregoingforanother5000millionyears,aboutaslongagainasithasalreadyburned.Itwillthengradually,liketheheartofadyingfire,changecolor,turninginthiscasefromwhitetoyellowandreduntil,finally,asablackdwarf,itdisappearsfromsight.
[C]TheEarthsatmosphere,whichnormallyshieldsitfromtheintenseheatoftheSun,woulddriftaway.ThentheEarth’soceanswouldboilandvanishinsteam.Withoutthecoolingeffectofitsatmosphereandoceans,Earthitselfwouldturnintoamassiveballoffire.
[D]AttheSun’sheart,thehydrogenwasoncecompressedwithsuchforcethatitstartedanuclearreaction.Inthisgiantfurnace,thehydrogenisconvertedbynuclearfusionintoanothercombustiblegas,helium,inareactionsimilartothatinanHbomb.
[E]Beforeitsgreatfiredies,theSunwillturnintoaredgiant,bloated(swollen)toabout100timesitscurrentsize.ItwillswallowupMercuryandthenVenus,thenearesttoitplanets.
[F]TheSunisanextremelyefficientfurnace,butevensotheheliumitgeneratestokeepthegreatfiregoingisonly92.3percentofthehydrogenitburns.Theother7.7percentvanishesinseveralformsofenergy,mainlyheat,lightandXrays.
[G]Testsshowthatitstemperaturefluctuates.Since1979,itseemstohavecooledbyonetenthofpercent,butthatisnotasignthatthegreatfireisgoingout.Spacescientistsbelievethat,becauseoftheSun’svolatilenature,thisminorchangemaysoonbereversed.
42、
(本题分值:
2分)
【正确答案】
G
[A]We,oneearth,soakupatinyfraction-perhapsonehundredmillionth-oftheSunsvastenergy.Therestofitsawesomeoutputofheatandlightvanishesbeyondtheplanetsandintospace.
[B]ScientistspredictthattheSunhasenoughhydrogentokeepthefiregoingforanother5000millionyears,aboutaslongagainasithasalreadyburned.Itwillthengradually,liketheheartofadyingfire,changecolor,turninginthiscasefromwhitetoyellowandreduntil,finally,as
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