English Word Roots and affixes常用词根词缀意义例析.docx
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English Word Roots and affixes常用词根词缀意义例析.docx
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EnglishWordRootsandaffixes常用词根词缀意义例析
EnglishWordRootsandaffixes常用词根、词缀意义例析
常用词根、词缀意义例析
a-1)有介词on的含义,表示状态,多为表语、补语形容词
例如:
aback;ahead;alive;asleep;away;afire;aflame;ashore;aboard;across;around;
apart;
2)和动词结合,意在强调
例如:
abideby;ago;arise;ashamed;
able和“able”本意联系,表示“能够……”,有被动含义。
例如:
approachable;considerable;advisable;incredible;invisible;fashionable;
ad表“动作”或“方向,一般随词根启始字母,ad变为相应的a+启始字母,
例如:
announce;adopt;assist;accept;assert;attend;advantage;associate;address;allow;
arrest;applaud;admire;adhereto;account;admit;adjust;acquire;assure;appoint;
appropriate;
add和“add”本意联系,表附加
例如:
add;addition;additional;
age和名词结合,表“整体、聚合”、“量,测量”或“过程、结果”
例如:
coinage;footage;coverage;wreckage;spoilage;postage;message;
al1)附在动词后构成名词,表示“…的动作”、“…的过程”。
例如:
arrival;trial;rehearsal;
2)附在名词后构成形容词,表示“…的”,“具有…特性的”。
例如:
essential;virtual;critical;electrical;historical;chemical;economical;
ambl表示“行走”
例如:
amble;ambulance;
ampl表是“充足、宽敞”
例如:
ample;amplify;amplitude;
an表示“年、年代”
例如:
annual;anniversary;ancient;ancestor;ang和“狭窄”意有关
例如:
angry;anger;anxious;anxiety;anguish;anim表示“生命、活力”
例如:
animal;animate;
arm由“胳膊”引申为“武器”
例如:
army;alarm;armament;
art表示“手工”
例如:
art;article;artist;artifact;artificial;aster表示“星星,星空”
例如:
disaster;asteroid;asterisk;astronomy;astronomer;astronaut;astrology;
audi表示“听力、听觉”
例如:
audience;auditorium;audible;audit;base表示“基础、地基”
例如:
base;baseball;basement;basic;basis;abase;database;bat
或bel表示“战争、斗争”
例如:
bat;battle;combat;beat;battery;batter;rebel;beat;ben表示“好处,利益;完好”
例如:
benefit;benevolence;
bi表示“双,两个”
例如:
bicycle;binocular;bilateral;bisect;bilingual;
bind和“bind”本意联系,表“捆绑,束缚”
例如:
bind;combine;band;bandage;boundary;
brev表示“简短,缩短”
例如:
brief;brevity;abbreviate;abridge;
cap(t)表示“抓住,捕获”,引申出“头部”含义
例如:
catch;capital;capture;capsule;capitalize;capacity;participate;escape;cede和“go”意相关
succeed;successful;access;necessary;proceed;ancestor;concede;cent表示“百”
例如:
percent;century;
centr和“center”本意相关,表“中心”
例如:
center;central;concentrate;
cep(t)和“take”意相关,表“拿,带,引领”等意
例如:
participate;accept;receive;reception;conceive;deceive;concept;conception;
exception;perceive;perception;conceit;deceit;
cern表是“区分,筛选”
例如:
concern;discern;
cert表示“确定,固定;证明”
例如:
certain;ascertain;certify;certificate;certification;concert;disconcerted;cid表是“落下”,引申为“发生”
例如:
accident;occasion;incident;accidental;
cise表示“cut”意,“砍,切”
例如:
precise;precision;decide;decision;decisive;biocide;suicide;insecticide;scissors;
circumcise;incision;incisor;incisive;
civil和“people”意相关,表示“人,民族,民事”等意。
例如:
civilengineering;civilize;civilization;civilized;civilwar;clos和“close”本意相关,表示“关闭”
例如:
close;closet;closure;disclose;include;including;exclude;inclusion;inclusive;
exclusive;seclude;conclude;conclusion;
com在字母b、p、m前保持不变,其他情况有变体,表示“所有的,都,共同”等意
例如:
computer;common;communicate;community;commit;complete;consider;
coordinate;corps;concert;corrupt;(convent;)companion;constitute;context;confront;
compose;composition;combine;combination;convince;convict;conviction;concrete;
comprise;connect;consist;compass;concede;corrupt;comfort;conserve;conservation;
component;conscience;colleague;contemporary;irreconcilable;contr表示“相反,对应”
例如:
control;contrast;encounter;counter;contradict;contradictory;controversial;
controversy;
cord和“heart”意相关,表示“中心,核心,心脏”
例如:
according;accord;core;courage;courageous;record;cover和“cover”本意相关,表示“盖子,覆盖,遮蔽”
例如:
recover;discover;uncover;discovery;
cred表示“信任,相信”
例如:
incredible;credit;secret;creditability;credulous;creed;cri;cros和“cross”本意相关,表“十字,交叉”
例如:
critical;criticize;criticism;crucial;cross;across;crisis;cult表示“耕作”
例如:
culture;agriculture;cultivate;
cur和“run”意相关,表示“流动,过程“等
例如:
current;recur;occur;course;curriculum;career(courseoflife);car;carry;
carriage;
de1)表示down(fromortoaplaceorstate)的含义
例如:
defend;depress;decay;deliver;decrease;
2)表示off,away,aside等的含义
例如:
decline,deter;depart;
3)表示downtothebottom引申为completely;thoroughly(彻底地)
例如:
decoction;detail;
4)加强动词含义
例如:
declare,denude
5)表示动词的反向或反意
例如:
disarm;disjoin;debate;develop;destroy;
6)表示动词带有贬义
例如:
deceive;deride;
demo表示“people”含义
例如:
democratic;democracy;epidemic;
di(a)表示“bi(y)”含义,“两个,双”
例如:
dialogue;carbon-dioxide;double;dialect;
dict与“speak”关联,表示“说,讲”
例如:
dictionary;predict;dictate;addict;addiction;dis和“di(a)”意相关,由“两,二”含义引申出“seperate分开”的含义,进而有“使
相反,使背离”的含义
例如:
dialogue;diagnose;direct;divide;differ;discuss;disperse;disaster;dissuade;
disturb;disable;disquiet;disreputable;dissatisfaction;defy;destroy;discover;disease;
distract;discontent;disorganize;discipline;distinguish;
dom表示“疆界,领域”或“状态”
例如:
freedom;kingdom;dominant;dominate;
duct与“lead”意相关,表示“引导、引领”等含义
例如:
educate;introduce;conduct;deduct;deduction;deduce;reduce;product;doctor;
induce;introduction;
dure表示“lasting”延迟,维持含义
例如:
during;endure;endurable;
en动词前缀或后缀,表使动含义,相当于“使…”,注意变体
例如:
listen;intimidate;embarrass;encourage;deepen;darken;sharpen;widen;enlarge;
ensure;encounter;illuminate;illustrate;threaten;inform;information;intense;endanger;
entitle;enrage;enhance;increase;enrich;instructor;
-er不同于名词后缀表“人”(teacher)或“物”(cooker)的含义,在动词后,表示动
作的重复性
例如:
flatter;flitter;clatter;batter;glimmer;
ex表示“out”含义,由范围、领域的“超出”引申为“出现,显现”等含义
express;exit;execute;escape;exotic;example;extinct;extra;explain;experience(peril);
expert;explore;explode;explosion;expel;emerge;emigrant;effort;expand;emit;
emission;
fect和“do,make”意相关,表示“做,制作”等含义
例如:
perfect;effective;efficient;efficiency;infect;infective;manufacture;affect;
facilitate;facility;facile;satisfy;satisfactory;beneficial;certificate;fiction;
simplification;fashion;deficiency;sufficiency;defect;deficit;office;official;significant;fend表示“protect,保护”含义
例如:
defend;offend;offender;offensive;fence;
fer和“carry”意相关,表示“携带”等含义
例如:
offer;ferry;confer;refer;different;prefer;suffer;inference;infer;transfer;fid和“faith”意相关,表示“信任、相信”等含义
例如:
confidence;confident;federal;federate;confide;fidelity;defy;confederate;
confederacy;
fin和“limit,end”意相关,表示“限制,界限”等含义
例如:
final;finish;define;definite;confine;finite;infinite;redefine;fl构词辅音群,表示“流动,飘动,涌动”等含义
例如:
fly;flow;flight;flash;flute;fluency;influenza;flu;influence;fluent;fluency;fluid;
fluctuate;fling;fleet;flood;flee;flag;flame;float;flush;
flect和“bend”意相关,表示“弯折,曲折”等含义
例如:
reflect;reflection;
fore表示“以前,向前,前面”等含义
例如:
forth;before;forward;foreman;beforehand;forearm;forecast;forehead;foresee;
forerunner;foretell;
form和“form”本义相关,表示“形成,构成”
例如:
reform;formation;conform;information;perform;uniform;
fort和“fort,堡垒,工事”意相关,引申为“strong,strength”含义
例如:
comfort;fortify;fort;effort;
ful和“full”本义相关,表示“充满,填充”等含义
例如:
careful;awful;fulfill;powerful;full;fill;cheerful;delightful;gen和“gene,基因”意相关,表示和“出生,生殖,遗传”等有关的含义
例如:
generate;generation;gene;genius;ingenious;ingenuous;general;gest和“carry,bear,携带”意相关,引申为“move”含义
例如:
suggest;digest;congest;gesture;
gno和“know”意相关,表示“知道,了解”
例如:
well-known;knowledge;ignore;ignorant;diagnose;diagnosis;deny;denial;notice;
notify;notion;notorious;noble;nobility;announce;denounce;recognize;cognitive;gram
或graph表示“write,写”含义
例如:
telegram;program;telegraph;photograph;graph;autograph;biography;
autobiography;paragraph;
gress表示“walk,走,行走”含义
例如:
progress;progressive;aggress;aggressive;
hap表示“幸运,巧合,几率”等含义
例如:
happen;perhaps;haphazard;hapless;mishap;
hetero表示“相异的”
例如:
heterosexual;
hind表示“后面”含义
例如:
behind;hinder;hindrance;
homo表示“相同的”
例如:
homosexual;homonym;
host和“enemy,guest”意相关,表示“受…对待的人,或行为、态度”
例如:
host;hostess;hospital;hospitable;hospitability;hostile;im;in表示否定含义,注意变体规律
例如:
impossible;impatient;inactivity;individual;indifferent;indifference;inevitable;
invisible;irregular;illegal;illicit;ignore;
imi表示“copy,picture”含义
例如:
imitate;imitation;imitator;image;imaginary;imaginable;imaginative;imagery;
imagine;mimicry;mimic;
ininsight;insightful;inside;inner;into;reinforce;input;inward;enter;entrance;impulse;
invent;invention;environment;involve;invest;inhabitant;inter表示“between”含义
例如:
internet;international;intervene;interfere;intercourse;interactive;interaction;
intro表示“into”含义
例如:
introduce;
ish表示“具有…特征的”
例如:
English;Scottish;childish;foolish;babyish;selfish;womanish;
ive;lif表示“生命,活力”等含义
例如:
live;alive;vivid;lively;survive;survival;vital;vitalize;ize表示使动含义
例如:
utilize;modernize;computerize;
ject表示“throw,扔,抛”含义,引申为“投射”等
例如:
subject;object;objection;objective;injection;project;projection;interject;deject;
reject;
laps表示“slip,滑动,溜走”等含义
例如:
lapse;collapse;
late和词根“fer”意相关,表示“carry,携带”等含义
例如:
relate;relation;relative;relativity;translate;translation;legislate;legislation;
lect和“choose”意相关,表示“选择”,由选择手段引申出“reading”含义
例如:
select;elect;election;selection;collect;recollect;recollection;intellect;
intellectual;intelligence;lecture;lecturer;dialect;leg表示“law,法律”含义
例如:
legal;illegal;colleague;legislation;legislate;less否定后缀,表示“没有…”
例如:
careless;tuneless;
lev表示“light,轻”含义,由此引申为“上升”、“减轻”等含义
例如:
elevator;lift;levity;alleviate;relieve;relief;light;lightenup;liter和“letter”本义相关,由“字母”引申为“读写”,进而引申为“知识”等
例如:
literacy;literature;literal;literate;illiterate;letter;literary;ly1)名词后构成形容词
例如:
weekly;hourly;friendly;
2)形容词后依然构成形容词,表示被修饰名词本身具有的性质
例如:
elderly;lowly;
3)形容词后构成副词,但词义发生变化
例如:
hardly;badly;virtually;
man表示“hand,手”含义
例如
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- English Word Roots and affixes常用词根词缀意义例析 affixes 常用 词根 词缀 意义