《实用英语视听说》.docx

《实用英语视听说》.docx

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《实用英语视听说》

《实用英语视听说》

讲义

（2019年春季）

Unit

Content

1

Creativewriting

2

Arthistory

3

psychology

4

Environmentalscience

5

Theurbanlandscape

6

Antarctic

7

Thesleepylizard

8

Oceandiversity

9

Summarizingmainidea

10

Nanotechnology

11

Montessorimethod

12

Dramaclass

13

Thehistoryoftea

14

Self-drivingcar

Unit1

LectureListening

Directions:

Inthissection,youaregoingtolistentoalecturetwice.Whenthelectureisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthelectureisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanks.

CreativeWriting

Topic:

Howtostartcreating1）________________forthestories

Onewaytodoit:

tocomeupwith2）________________

Howtocreatefictionalcharacters

—Basethemon3）________________

—4）________________severalpeople'straitsintoonecharacter

Whataretheprocedures

—Makealistofinterestingpeopleyouknow

—Makenotesabouttheir5）________________attributes

—Combinecharacteristicsfromseveralpeopletoformonecharacter

Benefitofhavingacharactersketch:

—To6）________________yourcharacterspersonalitysothatitremains7）________________throughoutyourstory

.gettingtoknowyourcharacterslikeafriend

Twothingstokeepinmindwhilewritingcharactersketches:

—Dothinkabout8）________________

—Don'tmakeyourcharacterinto9）________________

Someterminology

—Majorcharacters:

10）________________characters

—Minorcharacters:

flatcharacters

Unit2

LectureListening

Directions:

Inthissection,youaregoingtolistentoalecturetwice.Whenthelectureisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthelectureisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanks.

ArtHistory

Topic:

Howto1）________________

Aspectstoevaluateapieceofart:

#identify2）________________

—AccordingtoGreekphilosophers:

Beautyandartsarebasedonimitation

—Aestheticsintoday'sdefinition:

Tasteisboundbytimeandtiedtoasociety,agivensetof

3）________________

#identify4）________________

—determinedbytheauthor

#describeit

—the5）________________ofthepiece

.large,oiloncanvas,apersonoralandscape

#6）________________it

—theelementsyoumayanalyze:

7）________________,characters,orthemes

.wheelsandspheresrepresent8）________________

#9）________________it

—meaningyoumayidentify:

.obviousmeaningandimpliedmeaning

#10）________________it

—youropinion

.powerfulorboring

Conclusion

#Keepalltheabovestepsinmindandtrythemnexttimeyougotoanartmuseum

Unit3

LectureListening

Directions:

Inthissection,youaregoingtolistentoalecturetwice.Whenthelectureisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthelectureisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanks.

Psychology

Topic:

childhoodamnesia

Meaning:

People1）________________anythingthathappenedbeforetheageofthree.

Firstdocumentedin1893

Possiblereasonsforchildrenamnesia

a.Childhoodmemoriesare2）________________.

b.Childrenformmemoriesofthingspriortoagethreebut3）________________themlater.

c.Childrenbeforethreelacksome4）________________formemory.

—tiedtothetheoriesofJeanPiaget

—tiedto5）________________inchildren

Sometheoreticalandlabtestingevidence:

Piaget'stheoryofcognitivedevelopment:

childrenyoungerthantwoyearsold

—lacklanguage;

—butmayhave6）________________becausetheyrecognizefaces.

Alabstudyinthe1980s

Participants:

undertheageoftwo

Researchmethod:

7）________________

Procedure:

—Step1:

adultsusedpropstodemonstrateanactionthathadtwosteps;

—Step2:

childrenparticipants'immediateimitation;

—Step3:

childrenparticipants'8）________________imitationoneor

moremonthslater;

Results:

—a）inbothtypesofimitationtasks:

9）________________ofthe

objectsused,thestepsinvolved,andtheorderofthesteps;

—b）fasterrateofforgettingamongtheyoungestchildren;

—c）thedevelopmentofrecalldidnotdependonlanguagedevelopment.

Conclusiontothequestionconcerned

Causeofchildhoodamnesia:

maybea10）________________rateofforgetting

Futureresearch:

whatistherateofforgettingforchildrenundertheageofthree

Unit4

LectureListening

Directions:

Inthissection,youaregoingtolistentoalecturetwice.Whenthelectureisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthelectureisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanks.

EnvironmentalScience

Topic:

1）________________

Anexample:

DustBowlintheUnitedStates

Nature:

atermtodescribean2）________________disaster

Location:

thesouthernGreatPlainsregion

Length:

3）________________

Phenomenon:

dustandsandcovereverything

Consequence:

a）peoplehavingdifficultybreathingandeating

b）cropsdestroyed

c）landandpeople'slives4）________________

Causesforthisenvironmentalproblem:

Farmers5）________________muchofthegrasslandtogrowwheatandothercrops

Livestocksuchascattle6）________________anddamagedthegrassland

Peoplewhorentedthelanddidnottakegoodcareofit

Somepeopledidnotrealizedthat7）________________tookalongtimetoformandcouldbedamagedinashorttime

8）________________suchasnewtractorsdestroyedtheland

Theweathersuchasdrought

Measurestaken:

Thegovernmenteffort:

9）________________

—identifiedthestretchesofgrasslandatriskandturnedthemintopermanentgrassland

—helpededucatefarmerstopractice10）________________

Unit5

LectureListening

Directions:

Inthissection,youaregoingtolistentoalecturetwice.Whenthelectureisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthelectureisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanks.

THEURBANLANDSCAPE

TWOAREASOFFOCUS

—theeffectofvegetationontheurbanclimate

—waysofplanningour1）______________________better

LARGE-SCALEIMPACTOFTREES

—theycanmakecitiesmoreorless2）______________________

—insummertheycanmakecitiescooler

—theycanmakeinlandcitiesmore3）______________________

LOCALIMPACTOFTREES

—theycanmakelocalareas

-more4）______________________

-cooler

-morehumid

-lesswindy

-less5）______________________

COMARTINGTREESANDBUILDINGS

Temperatureregulation:

—treesevaporatewaterthroughtheir6）______________________

—buildingsurfacesmayreachhightemperatures

Windforce:

—tallbuildingscausemorewindat7）______________________level

—trees8）______________________thewindforce

NOISE

—treeshaveasmalleffectontrafficnoise

—9）______________________frequencynoisepassesthroughtrees

IMPORTANTPOINTSTOCONSIDER

—treesrequirealotofsunlight,waterand10）______________________togrow

Unit6

LectureListening

Directions:

Inthissection,youaregoingtolistentoalecturetwice.Whenthelectureisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthelectureisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanks.

ANTARCTICA

GEOGRAPHY

·world’shighest,coldestandwindiestcontinent

·morethan1）____________________timesasbigastheUK

·mostoftheareaisclassifiedas2）____________________

RESEARCHSTATIONS

·internationalteamsworktogether

·3）____________________isintegratedwithtechnicalsupport

·stationscontainaccommodation,workareas,akitchen,a4）____________________andagym

·supplieswerebroughttoZeroOnestationbysledgefroma5）____________________attheedgeoftheice15kmaway

·problemofsnowbuild-upssolvedbybuildingstationson6）____________________withadjustablelegs

FOODANDDIET

·averagedailyrequirementforanadultinAntarcticaisapproximately7）____________________kilocalories

·rationsforfieldworkpreparedbyprocessoffreeze-drying

RESEARCH

Themostimportantresearchfocusesonclimatechange,including

-measuringchangesintheice-cap（becauseofeffectsonsealevelsand8）____________________）

-monitoringtheholeintheozonelayer

-analysingairfrombubblesinicetomeasure9）____________________causedbyhumanactivity

WORKOPPORTUNITIES

Manyopeningsfor10）____________________peopleincluding

-researchassistants

-administrativeandtechnicalpositions

Unit7

LectureListening

Directions:

Inthissection,youaregoingtolistentoalecturetwice.Whenthelectureisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthelectureisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanks.

TheSleepyLizard（tiliquarugose）

DESCRIPTION

·TheyarecommoninWesternandSouthAustralia

·Theyarebrown,butrecogonisablebytheirblue1）_________________

·Theyarerelativelylarge

Theirdietconsistsmainlyof2）_________________

Theirmainpredatorsarelargebirdsand3）___________________

NAVIGATIONSTUDY

Onestudyfoundthatlizardscanusethe4）_______________tohelpthemnavigate.

OBSERVATIONSINTHEWILD

·Observationsshowthattheselizardskeepthesame5）__________forseveralyears.

WHATPEOPLEWANT

·Possiblereasons:

-toimprovethesurvivaloftheiryoung

（butlittle6）_________________hasbeennotedbetweenparentsandchildren）

-toprovide7）_________________forfemalelizards

TRACKINGSTUDY

-AstudywascarriedoutusingGPS