医学英语第二章.ppt
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医学英语第二章.ppt
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MedicalEnglish:
AReadingCourse(I)外国语学院张超E-mail:
PresentationTopic1:
InvestigatethedrugabuseinChinesehospitalsandthemeasurestodealwithit.Topic2:
IntroduceLancettotheclass.Note:
thistaskcanbedoneinsmallgroups.Thenumberofgroupshouldbewithin5.Whatsmore,only1-2presentersareallowedtobeonthestage.Chapter2DrugResistanceandAllergies1.Vocabulary2.Lead-in3.Textanalysis4.Discussion1.Vocabulary常见的医学英语词缀:
(1).炎:
theinflammationof/-itishepatitis肝炎;hepat/o:
liverarteritis动脉炎;arter/o:
arteryvasculitis血管炎;vascul/o:
vas/o:
vesselnephritis肾炎;nephr/o:
kidneypancreatitis胰腺炎;pancreat/o:
pancreasovaritis;oophoritis卵巢炎;pleuritis胸膜炎;pleur/o:
pleura1.Vocabulary
(2).术operationof.缝合术:
-orraphyaneurysmorraphy(suture);动脉瘤缝术aneurysm:
动脉瘤切除术:
ectomy:
removalpharyngectomy咽切除appendectomy:
阑尾切除术append/o:
appendic/o:
appendix阑尾固定术:
-pexy:
fixingrectopexy直肠固定术rect/o:
rectum1.Vocabulary(3)方位/时间方面的词缀上:
upper/superior;epi-;supra-epithelium上皮组织;下:
lower/inferior;infra-;sub-subcutaneous皮下的;cutane/o:
skin前:
front/anterior/prior/fore-;ante-;pre-;antero-forehead前额;anteroposterior前后的precirrhosis前期肝硬化;cirrh/o:
orange硬变后:
back/posterior/post-;retro-postheptical肝后的;heptic/o:
liver;retrocardiac心后的;cardi/o:
heart1.Vocabulary内:
inner/internal/in-;endo-;ento-;entro-;intro-;inhale,inhalation吸入endoscopy内窥镜检;-scopy:
visualexam外:
outer/external/ex-;exo-;ultra-;extra-;extract抽出;exhale呼出excretion排泄物;exocardial心外的间:
inter-;between;intermuscular肌肉间的;1.Vocabulary常见药物词缀:
-cillin青霉素类药物阿莫西林(羟氨苄青霉素)amoxicillin片剂、胶囊剂氨苄西林钠(氨苄青霉素)ampicillinsodium注射剂羧苄青霉素钠carbencillin双氯青霉素dicloxacillin1.VocabularyCef-头孢类药物头孢氨苄cefalexin头孢羟氨苄cefadroxil头孢克洛Cefaclor头孢吡肟Cefepime头孢丙烯Cefprozil头孢拉定cephradine2.Lead-inPharmaceuticalscienceThepharmaceuticalsciencesareagroupofinterdisciplinaryareasofstudyinvolvedwiththedesign,action,delivery,disposition,anduseofdrugs.Thisfielddrawsonmanyareasofthebasicandappliedsciences,suchaschemistry(organic,inorganic,physical,biochemicalandanalytical),biology(anatomyandphysiology,biochemistry,cellbiology,andmolecularbiology),statistics,mathematics,physics,andchemicalengineering,andappliestheirprinciplestothestudyofdrugs.Whatisantibioticresistance?
Antibioticresistanceisaspecifictypeofdrugresistancewhenamicroorganismhastheabilityofwithstandingtheeffectsofantibiotics.MRSA,abacteriumresponsibleforseveraldifficult-to-treatinfectionsinhumans.MRSAisespeciallytroublesomeinhospital-associatedinfections.Inhospitals,patientswithopenwounds,invasivedevices,andweakenedimmunesystemsareatgreaterriskforinfectionthanthegeneralpublic.VancomycinVancomycinwasfirstisolatedin1953fromasoilsamplecollectedfromtheinteriorjunglesofBorneobyamissionary.Theoriginalindicationforvancomycinwasforthetreatmentofpenicillin-resistantStaphylococcusaureus.ErythromycinErythromycinisanantibioticsimilartoorslightlywiderthanthatofpenicillin,andisoftenusedforpeoplewhohaveanallergytopenicillins.WhenPenicillinPays:
WhenPenicillinPays:
WhyChinaLovesAntibioticsaLittleWhyChinaLovesAntibioticsaLittleTooTooMuchMuchByChengchengJiang/BeijingThursday,Jan.05,2012Lastmonth,thecountrysMinistryofHealthrevealedthatonaverageeachChinesepersonconsumes138gofantibioticsperyear10timestheamountconsumedpercapitaintheU.S.Meanwhile,threetimesasmanyChinesepeopleareprescribedpenicillincomparedwiththeinternationalstandard.TheMinistryalsopointedoutthat70%ofinpatientsatChinesehospitalsreceivedantibiotics;theWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)recommendsamaximumof30%.Chinasthirstforantibioticshasseriousconsequences.TheWHOsaystheeffectivenessofantibioticsisunderthreatfromoveruseinChina,asdiseasesmutatetodevelopimmunity.Itestimatesthat6.8%oftuberculosiscasesinChinaaremultidrugresistant,comparedjust2%indevelopedcountries.ExpertsbelievethatdiseasesasdiverseassyphilisandthehospitalsuperbugMRSAarethrivingastheyadapttoChinasantibiotic-heavyenvironment.Wearenowonthebrinkoflosingthispreciousarsenalofmedicines,Dr.MichaelOLeary,theWHOsChinarepresentative,saidina2011statement,callingformoreresponsibleuseofantibiotics.Thespeedwithwhichthesedrugsarebeinglostfaroutpacesthedevelopmentofreplacementdrugs.Despitethebesteffortsofhealthcareofficials,itisnotclearjustwhytheproblemhasgrownsosevereorexactlywhatthesolutionmightbe.Formanyyears,researchersbelievedtheexpectationsofpatientsthemselvesweretoblame:
apatientdidntgetaninjectionoradripwouldfeelthattheywerentgettingagoodstandardofcare.ButresearchbytheWHOsuggeststhatmedicalpractitionersinChinawilloftenprescribeantibioticstobeonthesafeside,reasoningthatattheveryleastthedrugswontharmtheirpatients.Financialmotivationsmayalsoplayarole.Bysomeestimatestheg
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