托福阅读真题最新最全.docx
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托福阅读真题最新最全
托福阅读真题3
PASSAGE3
TheNativeAmericansofnorthernCaliforniawerehighlyskilledatbasketry,usingthe
reeds,grasses,barks,androotstheyfoundaroundthemtofashionarticlesofallsortsandsizes-
notonlytrays,containers,andcookingpots,buthats,boats,fishtraps,babycarriers,and
ceremonialobjects.
Ofalltheseexperts,noneexcelledthePomo—agroupwholivedonornearthecoast
duringthe1800's,andwhosedescendantscontinuetoliveinpartsofthesameregiontothis
day.Theymadebasketsthreefeetindiameterandothersnobiggerthanathimble.ThePomo
peopleweremastersofdecoration.Someoftheirbasketswerecompletelycoveredwithshell
pendants;otherswithfeathersthatmadethebaskets'surfacesassoftasthebreastsofbirds.
Moreover,thePomopeoplemadeuseofmoreweavingtechniquesthandidtheirneighbors.
Mostgroupsmadealltheirbasketworkbytwining—thetwistingofaflexiblehorizontalmaterial,
calledaweft,aroundstifferverticalstrandsofmaterial,thewarp.Othersdependedprimarilyon
coiling—aprocessinwhichacontinuouscoilofstiffmaterialisheldinthedesiredshapewith
tightwrappingofflexiblestrands.OnlythePomopeopleusedbothprocesseswithequalease
andfrequency.Inaddition,theymadeuseoffourdistinctvariationsonthebasictwiningprocess,
oftenemployingmorethanoneoftheminasinglearticle.
Althoughawidevarietyofmaterialswasavailable,thePomopeopleusedonlyafew.The
warpwasalwaysmadeofwillow,andthemostcommonlyusedweftwassedgeroot,awoody
fiberthatcouldeasilybeseparatedintostrandsnothickerthanathread.Forcolor,thePomo
peopleusedthebarkofredbudfortheirtwinedworkanddyedbullrushrootforblackin
coiledwork.Thoughothermaterialsweresometimesused,thesefourwerethestaplesintheir
finestbasketry.
IfthebasketrymaterialsusedbythePomopeoplewerelimited,thedesignswere
amazinglyvaried.EveryPomobasketmakerknewhowtoproducefromfifteentotwenty
distinctpatternsthatcouldbecombinedinanumberofdifferentways.
1.WhatbestdistinguishedPomobasketsfrombasketsofothergroups?
(A)Therangeofsizes,shapes,anddesigns
(B)Theunusualgeometric
(C)Theabsenceofdecoration
(D)Therarematerialsused
2.Theword"fashion"inline2isclosestinmeaningto
(A)maintain
(B)organize
(C)trade
(D)create
3.ThePomopeopleusedeachofthefollowingmaterialstodecoratebasketsEXCEPT
(A)shells
(B)feathers
(C)leaves
(D)bark
4.Whatistheauthor'smainpointinthesecondparagraph?
(A)TheneighborsofthePomopeopletriedtoimproveonthePomobasketweavingtechniques.
(B)ThePomopeoplewerethemostskilledbasketweaversintheirregion.
(C)ThePomopeoplelearnedtheirbasketweavingtechniquesfromotherNativeAmericans.
(D)ThePomobasketshavebeenhandeddownforgenerations.
5.Theword"others"inline9refersto
(A)masters
(B)baskets
(C)pendants
(D)surfaces
6.Accordingtothepassage,aweftisa
(A)toolforseparatingsedgeroot
(B)processusedforcoloringbaskets
(C)pliablematernalwovenaroundthewarp
(D)patternusedtodecoratebaskets
7.Accordingtothepassage,whatdidthePomopeopleuseasthewarpintheirbaskets?
(A)bullrush
(B)willow
(C)sedge
(D)redbud
8.Theword"article"inline17iscloseinmeaningto
(A)decoration
(B)shape
(C)design
(D)object
9.Accordingtothepassage.Therelationshipbetweenredbudandtwiningismostsimilartotherelationshipbetween
(A)bullrushandcoiling
(B)weftandwarp
(C)willowandfeathers
(D)sedgeandweaving
10.Theword"staples"inline23isclosestinmeaningto
(A)combinations
(B)limitations
(C)accessories
(D)basicelements
11.Theword"distinct"inlime26isclosestinmeaningto
(A)systematic
(B)beautiful
(C)different
(D)compatible
12.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutPomobasketscanbebestinferredfromthepassage?
(A)BasketsproducedbyotherNativeAmericanswerelessvariedindesignthanthoseofthePomopeople.
(B)BasketsproducedbyPomoweaverswereprimarilyforceremonialpurposes.
(C)TherewereaverylimitednumberofbasketmakingmaterialsavailabletothePomopeople.
(D)ThebasketmakingproductionofthePomopeoplehasincreasedovertheyears.
PASSAGE4
Theterm"HudsonRiverschool"wasappliedtotheforemostrepresentativesof
nineteenth-centuryNorthAmericanlandscapepainting.Apparentlyunknownduringthegolden
daysoftheAmericanlandscapemovement,whichbeganaround1850andlasteduntilthelate
1860's,theHudsonRiverschoolseemstohaveemergedinthe1870'sasadirectresultofthe
strugglebetweentheoldandthenewgenerationsofartists,eachtoassertitsownstyleasthe
representativeAmericanart.Theolderpainters,mostofwhomwerebornbefore1835,practiced
inamodeoftenself-taughtandmonopolizedbylandscapesubjectmatterandweresecurely
establishedinandfosteredbythereigningAmericanartorganization,theNationalAcademyof
Design.TheyoungerpaintersreturninghomefromtraininginEuropeworkedmorewithfigural
subjectmatterandinaboldandimpressionistictechnique;theirprospectsforpatronageintheir
owncountrywereuncertain,andtheysoughttoattractitbyattainingacademicrecognitionin
NewYork.Oneoftheresultsoftheconflictbetweenthetwofactionswasthatwhatinprevious
yearshadbeenreferredtoasthe"American","native",or,occasionally,"NewYork"school—the
mostrepresentativeschoolofAmericanartinanygenre—hadby1890becomefirmly
establishedinthemindsofcriticsandpublicalikeastheHudsonRiverschool.
Thesobriquetwasfirstappliedaround1879.Whileitwasnotintendedasflattering,itwas
hardlyinappropriate.TheAcademiciansatwhomitwasaimedhadworkedandsocializedin
NewYork,theHudson'sportcity,andhadpaintedtheriveranditsshoreswithvarying
frequency.Mostimportant,perhaps,wasthattheyhadallmaintainedwithacertainfidelitya
manneroftechniqueandcompositionconsistentwiththoseofAmerica'sfirstpopular
landscapeartist,ThomasCole,whobuiltacareerpaintingtheCatskillMountainscenery
borderingtheHudsonRiver.Apossibleimplicationinthetermappliedtothegroupof
landscapistswasthatmanyofthemhad,likeCole,livedonornearthebanksoftheHudson.
Further,theriverhadlongservedastheprincipalroutetoothersketchinggroundsfavoredby
theAcademicians,particularlytheAdirondacksandthemountainsofVermontandNew
Hampshire.
1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?
(A)TheNationalAcademyofDesign
(B)PaintingsthatfeaturedtheHudsonRiver
(C)NorthAmericanlandscapepaintings
(D)ThetrainingofAmericanartistsinEuropeanacademies
2.Before1870,whatwasconsideredthemostrepresentativekindofAmericanpainting?
(A)Figuralpainting
(B)Landscapepainting
(C)Impressionisticpainting
(D)Historicalpainting
3.Theword"struggle"inline5isclosestinmeaningto
(A)connection
(B)distance
(C)communication
(D)competition
4.Theword"monopolized"inline7isclosestinmeaningto
(A)alarmed
(B)dominated
(C)repelled
(D)pursued
5.Accordingtothepassage,whatwasthefunctionoftheNationalAcademyofDesignfor
thepaintersbornbefore1835?
(A)Itmediatedconflictsbetweenartists.
(B)Itsupervisedtheincorporationofnewartistictechniques.
(C)Itdeterminedwhichsubjectswereappropriate.
(D)Itsupportedtheirgrowthanddevelopment.
6.Theword"it"inline12refersto
(A)matter
(B)technique
(C)patronage
(D)country
7.Theword"factions"inline13isclosestinmeaningto
(A)sides
(B)people
(C)cities
(D)images
8.Theword"flattering"inline18isclosestinmeaningto
(A)expressive
(B)serious
(C)complimentary
(D)flashy
9.Wheredidtheyoungergenerationofpaintersreceiveitsartistictraining?
(A)InEurope
(B)IntheAdirondacks
(C)InVermont
(D)InNewHampshire
答案:
PASSAGE3BDCBBCBDADCA
PASSAGE4BBDBDCACA
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