外研版必修三语法之主谓一致详析和练习有答案.docx
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外研版必修三语法之主谓一致详析和练习有答案.docx
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外研版必修三语法之主谓一致详析和练习有答案
主谓一致概念:
1)语法形式上要一致,即单复数形式与谓语要一致。
2)意义上要一致,即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。
3)就近原则,即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语。
一般来说,不可数名词与可数名词单数用动词单数,可数名词复数用动词复数。
在英语的句子中,谓语动词的形式应与主语的人称和数保持一致。
如何判定,则要看句子的意思。
多数情况下,根据句子的主语形式就能判定,但有的则要看整句的意思,及强调的内容。
下面我们就常用的、易混的几种情况作一下解释。
比如:
Heareateacher.Iisastudent.
(1)语法一致原则
1)单数主语,不定式,动名词或从句作主语时,谓语动词用单数
AstudentisstudyingEnglish.
Servingthepeopleismygreathappiness.
Whenwedeliverthegoodshasn'tbeendecided.
Whenandwherewewillgohasn'tbeendecided.
但当what引导的句子做主语,若后面是“be+名词”的结构时,谓语随名词变化。
Whatyoudidisright.Whatyouneedarethesedictionaries.
2)复数名词、代词作主语,谓语动词一般用复数形式
Allthestudents_____clever.(are)
They_____Englishverymuch.(like)
3)用and或both…and连接的单数名词、代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语及主语从句作主语谓语动词用复数形式。
①Bothmyfatherandmymother____farmers.(are)
②WhatIthinkandwhatIdo___beenfairlyindisagreement.(have)
注意:
①当and连接的并列单数名词前有each,every,no或者manya等限定词时,谓语动词通常用单数。
Eachstudentandeachteacher__beengivenatask.(has)
Everyflowerandeverybush___tobecutdown.(is)
②当主语由and连结时,如果表示同一人或同一物时,谓语动词用单数,此时and后面的名词无冠词。
Theworkerandwriter____(be)fromWuhan.(is)
Theworkerandthewriter_____(be)fromBeijing.(are)
4)不定代词somebody,someone,something,anybody,anything,everybody,everyone,everything,nobody,noone,nothing等作主语,谓语动词用单数形式;
Something____(has/have)gonewrongwithmywatch.(has)
Anybodywho_______(break/breaks)therulewillbepunished.(breaks)
5)eachof…/eitherof…./oneof…谓语动词用单数.noneof…/neitherof…可单可复,根据说话人的意思决定;*但代表不可数名词时,用单数
1)Eachofthestudents___abook.(has)
2)Noneofus_____perfect.(are,is)
3)Neitherofthem_______theanswer.(know/knows)
4)Noneofthis______me.(worries)
Noneofthismoney____mine.(is)
*neither作形容词时与单数名词连用,谓语动词用单数。
Neitherstatement_______true.(was)
6)“manya+单数名词
morethanone+单数名词
oneandahalf+复数名词”作主语,谓语动词用单数
1.)manyaforeigner___beentotheGreatWall.(has)
2.)Morethanonestudent___turnedupatthemeeting.(was)
3.)Oneandahalfbananas___eatenbytheboy.(was)
7)Some/alotof/halfof…./therestof…../partof…/plentyof…/分数(%)+of…themajorityof+名词”等作主语,谓语动词的单复数取决于of后的名词或代词的单复数形式。
①Two-thirdsofthestudents____fromcountryside.(come)
②Ninetypercentofthework___beendone.(has)
8)定语从句中的主谓一致。
①与先行词一致。
定语从句中主语是关系代词who,that,which时,从句谓语动词应与先行词保持一致。
I,who___yourteacher,willsharehappinessandsorrowwithyou.(am)
②which/as代替一句话内容,谓语动词用单数
As___known,Iambeautiful.(is)
③oneof+复数名词+定语从句,从句中的谓语用复数形式;theonly/exactoneof+复数名词+定语从句,从句中的谓语用单数形式。
Tomisoneofthestudentswho__goodatplayingfootball.(are)
Tomistheonlyoneofthestudentswho___goodatplayingfootball.(is)
(2)意义一致原则:
1)集体名词family,audience,crew,club,class,company,committee,party,crowdgroup,army,government,thepublic等作主语时,如果作为一个整体看待,谓语用单数形式;如果指集体中的各个成员,谓语动词用复数形式。
Thegroup____madeupofninestudents.(is)
Thegroup____dancinghappily.(are)
注意:
①集合名词cattle,clothes,people,thepolice表示复数意义谓语动词永远复数.people民族(可数名词,peoples)
TheChinesepeople__abravepeople(is)
Chinesepeople___makingourcountryricherandricher.(are)
②Population
ThepopulationofChina______over1.3billionand80%ofthepopulation______farmers(is,are)
2)表示时间、距离、金钱,度量衡等复数名词作主语,表达一个整体概念时,谓语动词则用单数形式
Twoyears______passedsinceIleftNingbo(has)
Onemilliondollars______agreatsumofmoney.(is)
3)有些名词如:
fish,deer,sheep,means,works,species,等用作单数或复数均可,谓语动词随其含义而定。
1 Thisglassworks____builtin1978.(is)
2 Twosteelworks___eastofthecity.(are)
3 Everymeans____beentried.(has)
4 Manyspecies____diedout.(have)
3)学科名词,或以-ics结尾的学科名称作主语时,如physics,mathematics,mechanics,optics,acoustics,politics.statistics,economics,linguistics,athletics等,谓语动词通常用作单数。
Physics__afundamentalsubjectinscience.(is)
4)成双成对出现的复数名词如glasses,shoes,trousers,pants,gloves,socks,slippers,scissors等作主语时,谓语通常用复数,*但如果前有a/thepairof,a/thesuitof等词语修饰时,谓语动词与pair,suit等一致,用单数
1)Mytrousers_____verynice.(are)
2)Apairofshoes_______underthebed.(is)
5)主语是疑问代词who,what,which,不定代词all,more,most,any,none等以及名词half,part,therest等既可表示复数意义又可表示单数意义,其谓语视它们所代指的名词而定。
1.)Which__morevaluable,healthorwealth?
(is)
2.)Which__prettier,theseorthose?
(are)
3.)wehadsomepaper,buttherest__putback.(was)
6)the+adj.作主语,the+adj.,表示一类人,谓语动词用复数,如theold,theyoung,therich,thepoor等,the+adj.,表示某个人或一类抽象的事物,谓语动词用单数,如thebeautiful,thegood等
Theold____takengoodcareofinoursociety.(are)
Therich____forthedecisionbutthepoor_againstit.(was)
Thewounded____ayoungboy.(was)
Thebeautiful____notalwaysthesameasthegood.(is)
7)a/this/that+kindof+名词(单数或复数)作主语时,谓语动词用单数;如果主语是kinds(types)of+名词或复数名词of+a(this,that)kind时,谓语动词用复数形式。
即…kind(s)of+n….,谓语与kind一致;n+ofthiskind…谓语与名词一致
①Thekindofapples____well.(sell)(sells)
②Menofthiskind____dangerous.(are)
注意:
由kind,form,type,species,series等修饰的主语,其谓语形式取决于这些词的单复数,而不是他们后面所跟的名词
1.Thisnewtypeofmachine__nowonshow.(is)
2.Somenewformsofart____discussedatthemeeting.(were)
8)主语是alarge/smallquantityof+名词(可数或不可数)谓语动词用单数;如果是“large(great)quantifiesof+名词(可数或不可数)”时,谓语动词要用复数。
也就是说谓语动词随quantity单复数而定
①There_alargequantityofmilk/applesonthefarm(is)
②Largequantitiesofwater/coal/bricks___neededhere(are)
9)anumberof(agroupof,avarietyof)+名词复数作主语时谓语动词用复数形式;Thenumberof(thevarietyof….)+名词复数谓语动词用单数形式。
①Anumberofworkers____outofwork.(are)
②Thenumberofthestudentsinourschool____eightthousand.(is)
10)两数相减或相除,谓语动词用单数;两数相加或相乘,谓语动词可用单数,也可用复数。
①Sixtyminusseventeen____forty-three.(leaves)
②Sixandeight___________fourteen.(makes/make)
11)若英语是书名、片名、格言、剧名、报名、国名等的复数形式,其谓语动词通常用单数形式。
“TheArabianNights”__aninterestingstory-book.(is)
TheUnitedstates_____onthesouthofCanada.(is)
12)名词性物主代词作主语,谓语动词根据指代对象而定
Yourshoesarewhite;Mine____black.(are)
Hiscoat____yellow;Hers____red.(is)(is)
(3)就近一致原则
谓语动词的单、复数形式决定于最靠近它的词语。
1)由or,nor,either...or,neither...nor,notonly...butalso连接的并列结构作主语,随后的动词形式通常按照“就近原则”处理。
1.Youorshe__goodatEnglish.(is)
2.___eitheryouorhewrong?
(Are)
2)以here,there开头的句子,谓语动词的单复数形式看后面的主语而定,如果主语不止一个,谓语动词与最近的主语保持一致。
①Here__somebread.(is)
②There__apenandthreepencilsonthedesk.(is)
3)在倒装句中,谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致
Such___theresult(is)
Such__thefacts(are)
Onthewall___manypictures(are)
(4)随前原则
1)当主语后面跟有aswellas,asmuchas,nolessthan,alongwith,with,like,ratherthan,togetherwith,but,except,besides,,including等引导的词组时,其谓语动词的单、复数由主语的单、复数而定。
1.Theteacherwithtwostudents______atthemeeting.(was/were)
2.E-mail,aswellasthetelephones,________animportantpartindailycommunication.
A.isplayingB.haveplayedC.areplayingD.play
巩固练习:
用适当的动词形式完成句子:
1)They,togetherwithTom,_______goingtoswimthisafternoon.(be)
2)Noonebutyourparents_____therethen.(be)
3)He,likeyouandyourbrother,________veryclever.(be)
4)Theteacher,includinghisstudents,_______goingtoseeProfessorTell.(be)
5)Mary,togetherwithhissisters________goneback.(have)
6)HeandI___bothstudentsofthisschool.(be)
7)Bothparties____theirownadvantages.(have)
8)Herjob_____somethingtodowithcomputers.(have)
9)They_______notcomeyet.(have)
10)There____adeskintheroom.(be)
11)There____nochairsinit.(be)
单句改错:
1.Physicsareaveryinterestingsubject.
2.Hisfamilywasallmusiclovers.
3.Thepairofshoesarewornout.
4.Halfofthestudentshasfinishedtheircomposition.
5.Thenumberofstudentsinyouare50.
6.Thecattleiseatinggrassonthehill.
7.Aknifeandforkareusedtohavemeals.
单项选择:
1.Lotsofmedicineaswellasequipmentsuchastents_______offeredtotheareasincetheearthquakeoccurred.
A.hasbeen
B.havebeen
C.isbeing
D.arebeing
2.Eastofourcity______aworld-famouspagodadatingfromTangDynasty.
A.stands
B.stand
C.stood
D.standing
3.Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswho awinnerofscholarshipforthreeyears.
A.is
B.are
C.havebeen
D.hasbeen
4.Thefactoryused65percentoftherawmaterials,therestofwhich_____savedfortheotherpurpose.
A.is
B.are
C.was
D.were
5.Therewasafirelastnightandmorethanonehouse_____burntdowninthefire.
A.hasbeen
B.was
C.havebeen
D.were
6.______ofmoney spentonthebridge.
A.Alargeamount;were
B.Largeamounts;were
C.Largeamount;was
D.Aplenty;was
7.—Isthereanybodyintheclassroom?
—No,theteacher,togetherwiththestudents_____totheplayground.
A.go
B.went
C.hasgone
D.havegone
8.ThenumberofforeignstudentsattendingChineseuniversities________risingsteadilysince1990.
A.is
B.are
C.hasbeen
D.havebeen
9.“Ifanybody________,pleaseputdown________name,”saidtheteachertothemonitor.
A.wantstobuythebook;his
B.wanttobuythebook;their
C.willbuythebook;one’s
D.wantstohavethebookbought;her
10.Apoetandartist________comingtospeaktousaboutChineseliteratureandpaintingtomorrowafternoon.
A.is
B.are
C.was
D.were
11.—Whataboutthebooks?
—Booksofthiskind well.
A.sell
B.sells
C.aresold
D.issold
12.Johnistheonlyoneofthestudentsintheclassthatnever______amistakeevenwhenitispointedtohim.
A.admitmaking
B.admitsmaking
C.admittomake
D.admitstomake
13.Theteachertogetherwiththestudents________discussingReadingSkillsthat________newlypublishedinAmerica.
A.are;were
B.is;were
C.are;was
D.
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