版高考英语二轮专题限时集训2 细节理解之事实认定Ⅱ.docx
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版高考英语二轮专题限时集训2细节理解之事实认定Ⅱ
专题限时集训
(二) 细节理解之事实认定(Ⅱ)
(对应学生用书第93页)
A
(2017·长沙市统一模拟)Inbetweenrunningoneoftheworld'slargestcharitableagenciesandactingasMicrosoft'stechnologyadvisor,BillGatesmanagestofindtimetoreadbooks,bothlongandshort.NowGates—whohasbeenlabeleda“greedy”reader—hasreleasedalistofhisfavoritebooks.Allofthebooksarestandoutreads,accordingtothebillionaire,mostofwhicharefocusedonbusinessandeconomy.
HereareBill'stopfourpicks(withpartsofhisfullreviewofeachbook).
BusinessAdventures,byJohnBrooks
Brooks'collectionwaspublishedin1969andremainsoneofGates'favorites.Herereaditagainthisyear,labelingitthebestbusinessbookhehaseverread.
“Shortlyafterwemet,WarrenBuffettlentmethiscollectionofbusinessarticlesfromTheNewYorkerfromthe1950sand1960s.Ilovedthemasmuchashedid.Brooks'insights(洞察力)intobusinesshaveagedbeautifully,andtheyareastruetodayasever.”
CapitalintheTwentyFirstCentury,byThomasPiketty
Piketty'snovelhittheshelvesinAugust2013andsparkedmuchdiscussionconcerningincomeinequalitythroughoutthisyear.GatesalsogottositdownwithPikettyhimselfafterreadingthenonfictionworktodiscussthetopic.
“AsItoldhim,althoughIhaveconcernsaboutsomeofhissecondarypointsandpolicyprescriptions,Iagreewithhismostimportantconclusions:
inequalityisagrowingproblemandgovernmentsshouldplayaroleinreducingit.”
HowAsiaWorks,byJoeStudwell
Studwell'swork,whichwaspublishedinMay2014,addresseshowcountriessuchasJapan,SouthKoreaandChinahavecontinuedtoachievehighgrowth,andwhyothercountrieshavefailedtodothesame.
“Theagriculturesectionofthebookwasparticularlyinsightful.ItprovidedamplefoodforthoughtformeaswellasthewholeAgricultureteamatourfoundation.AnditleftusthinkingaboutwhetherpartsoftheAsianmodelcanapplyinAfrica.”
MakingtheModernWorld:
MaterialsandDematerialization,byVaclavSmil
Smil'sbooksareaconstantfavoriteoftheMicrosoft'sfounder—oneofhisbooksmakesGates'listalmosteveryyear.“MakingtheModernWorld”cameoutlatein2013andexplorestheglobaluseofmaterials,fromsilicontowoodandplastic.
“Ifanyonetriestotellyouwe'reusingfewermaterials,sendhimthisbook.Withhisusualskepticismandhisloveofdata,Smilshowshowourabilitytomakethingswithfewermaterials—say,sodacansthatneedlessaluminum—makesthemcheaper,whichactuallyencouragesmoreproduction.”
【语篇解读】 本文介绍了比尔·盖茨喜欢阅读的四本关于商业和经济的书。
1.Thebooksmentionedinthetextareallabout________.
A.charityintheworld
B.businessandeconomy
C.povertyintheworld
D.BillGates'lifeexperience
B [考查细节理解。
根据第一段的最后一句“Allofthebooksarestandoutreads,accordingtothebillionaire,mostofwhicharefocusedonbusinessandeconomy.”可知,比尔·盖茨喜欢的这些书都是优秀读物,其中大部分书与商业和经济有关,故B项正确。
]
2.Ofthebooks,________isbestpraisedbyBillGates.
A.HowAsiaWorks
B.CapitalintheTwentyFirstCentury
C.BusinessAdventures
D.MakingtheModernWorld:
MaterialsandDematerialization
C [考查细节理解。
根据第三段的第二句“Herereaditagainthisyear,labelingitthebestbusinessbookhehaseverread.”可知,BusinessAdventures这本书是最受比尔·盖茨称赞的,故C项正确。
]
3.Gatesoncehadapersonaldiscussionwiththeauthorof________.
A.CapitalintheTwentyFirstCentury
B.BusinessAdventures
C.HowAsiaWorks
D.MakingtheModernWorld:
MaterialsandDematerialization
A [考查细节理解。
根据第五段的第二句“GatesalsogottositdownwithPikettyhimselfafterreadingthenonfictionworktodiscussthetopic.”可知,比尔·盖茨和CapitalintheTwentyFirstCentury这本书的作者坐下来交谈过,故A项正确。
]
4.InHowAsiaWorks,theauthoranalyses________.
A.whyAfricanagriculturecannotdevelopfast
B.howtheycanapplyAsianeconomicmodelinAfricancountries
C.whyAsiaisslowinagriculturaldevelopment
D.howsomeAsiancountrieshaverapidlygrownineconomy
D [考查细节理解。
根据第七段中的“addresseshowcountriessuchasJapan,SouthKoreaandChinahavecontinuedtoachievehighgrowth”可知,HowAsiaWorks主要介绍了一些亚洲国家如日本、韩国和中国是如何快速发展经济的,故D项正确。
]
B【导学号:
52384040】
(2017·南昌市第一次模拟)Peoplewhopossesshighselfesteemareabletocommitbetterandproduceagreaterbondinrelationshipswithothers.Dr.Douglasfeelsthatmostpeopledonotvaluethemselves,butwithloveandselfrespectanyonecanbeabovenormalityandgraspsuccesswiththefamily,theoffice,orothers.
Wehavebecometooreliantonintelligence,beauty,andmoneyforourownselfesteem.Thelossofesteemreducesthewillandabilitytosetandreachgoals.InaseriesofreadingDouglasteacheshowtoavoidnegativestatements,howtochangethemintoselffacingbehavior,andhowtotakechargeofyourmentalattitude.Whereothermotivationalandselfhelpworkstopswiththetheoreticalplanforsuccess,Douglastakeseverydayexamplesandputsthemintohisbooks.Fromraisingchildrenwhobelieveinthemselvestousingselfesteemtohelpbridgethegapintheworkplace,hegivesreadersconcretesolutionstotheproblemsthatmightruintheirinterpersonalrelations.
Selfesteembuildingcomesfromfillingyourthoughtswithpositiveaffirmations(肯定)andlearningtoreacttofailureswithmotivationinsteadofselfdestruction.Theselessonsarevaluableforanyonewhofeelsthatlifeisevenslightlyoutofcontrol.Peoplewhofeeltheyhaveadequateesteemcanlearntouseittomaketheirsuccessgrander,faster,andmorebeneficialforothers.Douglasapproachesthisprocessofselfdevelopmentasameansofmorethancreatinggoodthingsfortheindividualbutalsoforsettingupkeysforinfluencinggoodthingsforothers.
Formorethanthirtyyears,Dr.Douglashasaddressedmorethantwomillionpeopleontopicsfromtimemanagementtospeakingeffectivelytoraisingdrugfreechildren.Heistheauthoroffifteenbooks,includingHowtoMakeaHabitofSucceeding.
【语篇解读】 本文主要讲述了自尊心强的优势,以及如何培养自尊。
5.WhatcanweinferfromParagraphOne?
A.Mostpeoplebehavewellenough.
B.Selfrespectmeansbeingabovenormality.
C.Selfesteemmattersmuch.
D.Committingbetterequalsgreatersuccess.
C [考查推理判断。
根据第一段第一句“Peoplewhopossesshighselfesteemareabletocommitbetterandproduceagreaterbondinrelationshipswithothers.”和第一段的整体内容可推知,自尊心很重要,故选C。
]
6.WhydoesDouglasputeverydayexamplesintohisbooks?
A.Tobereliantonselfesteem.
B.Tosetandreachgoals.
C.Toavoidnegativethoughts.
D.Toofferconcretesolutions.
D [考查细节理解。
根据第二段的最后一句“Fromraisingchildrenwhobelieveinthemselvestousingselfesteemtohelpbridgethegapintheworkplace,hegivesreadersconcretesolutionstotheproblemsthatmightruintheirinterpersonalrelations.”可知,Douglas把日常的具体案例写进自己的书里是为了给出具体的应对方法,故选D。
]
[干扰项分析] A项是客观描述,而非目的;B项错,文章中讲的是没有自尊会降低设置并实现目标的意愿和能力,而非Douglas把具体案例写进书里的目的;C项错,文章中提到Douglas教给人们避免消极陈述的方法,并非目的,故排除。
7.Whatdoestheauthoradvisethosewhoselifeisslightlyoutofcontroltodo?
A.Learntobepositive.
B.Faceitunmotivatedly.
C.Admitselfdestruction.
D.Askforhelp.
A [考查细节理解。
根据第三段的第一句“Selfesteembuildingcomesfromfillingyourthoughtswithpositiveaffirmations(肯定)andlearningtoreacttofailureswithmotivationinsteadofselfdestruction.”可知,对于那些感觉生活有些失控的人作者建议他们肯定自己,积极应对,故选A。
]
8.What'sthemostimportanttobeselfdevelopment?
A.Influencingtheindividual.
B.Influencingmorepeople.
C.Gainingmorebenefits.
D.Speakingmoreeffectively.
B [考查细节理解。
根据第三段的最后一句“Douglasapproachesthisprocessofselfdevelopmentasameansofmorethancreatinggoodthingsfortheindividualbutalsoforsettingupkeysforinfluencinggoodthingsforothers.”可知,自我发展最重要的是影响更多的人,故选B。
]
C【导学号:
52384041】
(2017·石家庄市第一次模拟)Whiletheworldisstilldebatingthesafetyofselfdrivingcars,Dubaiispreparingtolaunchanautonomousflyingtaxi.StartinginJuly,theworld'sfirstpassengerdrone(无人机),theEHANG184,willbeavailabletopassengers.
Theshuttle,releasedinLasVegasinJanuary2016,weighs440poundsandcanflyatheightsofupto11,500feet.Theeggshapedvehiclehasroomforasinglepassengerweighingupto220poundsandasmallsuitcase.Thoughtheflyingtaxicanreachspeedsofupto100mph,itwilltypicallyoperateatabout62mph.
Passengerscanaskfortheflyingtaxitopickthemupfromappointedzonesusingasmartphoneapp.Passengersstrapintotheseat,selectadestinationonthetouchscreen,andenjoytheflight.Toensurethepassenger'ssafety,allflightsaremonitoredremotelybyacontrolroomontheground.
Intheunlikelyeventthatanyofthecomponentsmalfunctionordisconnect,thedronewillmakeanemergencylandingtoensurethecustomer'ssafety.It'salsoprogrammedtoensureitsroutewon'taffectthatofanotherdrone.Whilehavingnocontrolovertheremotelypilotedvehiclemayappearscary,theproducer,ChinabasedEHANG,says,“Itisthesafest,smartestandecofriendlylowaltitudeautonomousflyingvehicle.”Anydrawback?
TheEHANG184hasabatterylifeof30minutesandaflightrangeofjust31miles.Alsounknownisthecostofeachride.
Thoughtheflyingtaxiseemsadvanced,itisnotthefirstdriverlesstransportationoptionavailabletoDubai'sresidents.Aspartofitsgoaltohave25%ofthepublictransportationautomatedby2030,theauthoritieshavebuilttheworld'slongestdriverlessmetroandintroducedselfnavigatingshuttles.OfficialsrecentlyalsopartneredwithaUScompanytobuildsupersonicspeedpodstocarrypassengersbetweenDubaiandAbuDhabi.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇科普说明文。
介绍了一种迪拜正准备投入使用的无人驾驶低空飞行器——EHANG184。
9.Whatcanwelearnabouttheflyingtaxi?
A.Apassengercancallforaflyingtaxionline.
B.Itcancarryaweightof220poundsatmost.
C.Apassengercantouchthescreentocontrolit.
D.Itusuallyfliesataspeedof100milesanhour.
A [考查细节理解。
根据第三段的第一句“Passengerscanaskfortheflyingtaxitopickthemupfromappointedzonesusingasmartphoneapp.”可知,乘客可以使用智能手机中的软件
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