高考英语复习议论文阅读练习.docx
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高考英语复习议论文阅读练习.docx
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高考英语复习议论文阅读练习
1.语言与结构特点:
议论文一般观点明确、论据充分、语言精练、论证合理,有严密的逻辑性,通常采用三段论式的结构,即“提出问题(引论)—分析问题(本论)—解决问题(结论)”。
因此,要理解议论文有两个关键点,一是要弄清文章的论点是什么、采用了哪些论据、如何论证;二是要理清其基本结构。
2.答题误区:
议论文阅读理解题易错点往往在于事实与观点的区分以及观点本身。
解题时,一要弄清哪些是所引述的事实,哪些是作者的观点以及引述中不同人物的观点;二要弄清作者真正的观点是什么,既要考虑全文,又要重视结论部分,谨防将文章中引述的某人的观点和作者的观点混为一谈。
3.阅读策略:
在阅读解题时,应该从结构和内容两方面同时入手,先通读全文,再区分事实和观点。
通常来说,议论文会采用三段论式结构。
首段会通过一个故事或对某种现象的描述来引入话题,明确论点;接下来是文章的主体部分,会用两个或两个以上的段落引用事实和理论论据进行论证,常用的论证方法有举例、引用和对比等,这一部分要注意作者所选用的论据,它们往往与细节理解题的考查点相对应,同时还要留意论证的方法;文章的最后一段是结论部分,要弄清作者最后得出了什么结论。
在通读全文并了解文章的结构和内容后再阅读试题,到文章中去找相对应的信息,比如事实、观点、作者真正的意图和结论等。
文体分类练(四)——议论文
(限时30分钟)
A
(2019·山西太原五中阶段检测)VisitorstoHennna,arestaurantoutsideNagasaki,Japan,aregreetedbyanunusualsight:
Theirfoodbeingpreparedbyarowofhumanoidrobots.Thenameofthe“headchef”isAndrew.Usinghistwolongarms,hestirsbatter(面糊)inametalbowl,thenpoursitontoahotgrill.Inanearbyhotel,robotscheckguestsintotheirroomsandhelpwiththeirluggage.
CEOHideoSawada,whorunstherestaurantandthehotel,predictedthat70%ofthejobsatJapan'shotelswouldbeautomated(自动化)inthenextfiveyears.Hesaid,“Sinceyoucanworkthem24hoursaday,andtheydon'tneedvacation,eventuallyit'smorecosteffectivetousetherobot.”
This_is_seemingly_worrying.Infact,inAmerica,oneofthefewbrightspotsinrecentyearshasbeenemploymentinrestaurantsandhotels.InthecompanyPanera,becauseofitsnewkiosks,anappthatallowscustomerstoplaceordersonline,thechainisnowprocessingmoreordersoverall,whichmeansitneedsmoretotalworkerstomeetconsumers'demand.CustomerswhouseStarbucks'appreturnmorefrequentlythanthosewhodon't.Starbucksemployed8percentmorepeopleintheU.S.in2016thanitdidin2015,theyearitlaunchedtheapp.
Ofcourse,whetherautomationisanetbenefitforworkersinrestaurantsandhotelsandnotjustacompetitiveadvantageforonechainoveranotherwilldependonwhetheranimprovedcustomerexperiencemakesAmericansmorelikelytodineoutandstayathotels,ratherthanbrownbaggingitorlookingfortheAirbnbtobookuniquehomes.
1.Whydoesthewriterdescribetheunusualsightinparagraph1?
A.Topromoterobots.B.Tointroducethetopic.
C.Tovoicehisopinion.D.Toshowthebackground.
2.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinparagraph3mean?
A.Automationmaybeachallengetohumanjobs.
B.Automationmayincreasebusinesscosts.
C.Workersmayfailtofocusontheirtasks.
D.Manycompaniesmayfailtosurvive.
3.Whatcanwelearnfromthetwocasesinparagraph3?
A.Thetwocompaniesaretryingtotakeoverthemarketcompetitively.
B.Automationcouldopenupmorejobchancesforhumans.
C.StarbucksemployedmorepeoplethanPaneradidin2016.
D.Automationhelpstheshopsbecomefamousonline.
4.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardthefutureofautomation?
A.Objective.B.Positive.
C.Cautious.D.Doubtful.
B
(2019·济南高三模拟)Wehumanslovetostareintooursmartdevices.Wegazeforhours—about10hoursand39minutesaday—atourcomputers,smartphones,tabletsandtelevisions.Isallthisstaringbadforus?
Itmightbe,mainlybecauseaswestareatourdevicesweareexposingourselvestobluelight.
Bluelightisatypeofelectromagnetic(电磁的)radiationwithaveryshortwavelengththatproducesahighamountofenergy.Whileit'struethatlightcandamageoureyesundercertaincircumstances,there'snoscientificevidencesuggestingthatbluelightisharmfultooureyes.Butmanypeoplestillthinkitis,whichiswhybluelightblockingglassesaresopopular.Sodotheglasseswork?
“Everyoneisveryconcernedthatbluelightmaybecausingdamagetotheeye,butthere'snoevidencethatitmaybecausingseriousdamage,”Dr.RahulKhurana,clinicalspokesmanfortheAmericanAcademyofOphthalmology,toldBusinessInsider.
Bluelightexposureisnothingnew.Infact,thesunisthelargestsourceofbluelight.Moreover,bluelightisalsopresentinLEDlight.Butifbluelightisn'tharmful,thenwhyareweconstantlyrubbingoureyeswhenwe'relookingatourscreens?
Theansweriseyestrain(眼疲劳):
Morethan60percentofpeopleexperienceeyeproblemsassociatedwithdigitaleyestrain.Andbluelight,itseems,isn'tthecause.Instead,oureyesaresostrainedbecausemostofusblinklesswhenwestareatourdigitaldevices.Soifeyestrainistheissue,bluelightblockingglassesareprobablyoflittleuse.
5.Whatdoweknowaboutbluelight?
A.Itisakindofnuclearradiation.
B.Ithastheshortestwavelength.
C.Itmaycomefromelectronicdevices.
D.Itconsumesagreatdealofenergy.
6.Whatcausesthepopularityofbluelightblockingglasses?
A.Evidenceoftheirbenefitstoeyes.
B.Beliefinbluelight'sharmfuleffect.
C.Widespreaduseofsmartdevices.
D.Scientificunderstandingofbluelight.
7.Whatcanbeinferredfromparagraph4?
A.Bluelightexposureishardlyavoidable.
B.Eyeproblemsarenoteasytodealwith.
C.Bluelightmayconnectwithtiredeyes.
D.Rubbingeyesmakespeoplestrained.
8.Accordingtothetext,wearingbluelightblockingglassesmaybe________.
A.tiringB.harmful
C.uselessD.beneficial
C
(2019·潍坊高三模拟)It'snoteasyfeelinglikeyou'realwaysunderthespotlightbeingjudgedforeachlittlemistakeyoumake.Yourmindisinanendlesscircleplayingwhatyousaidanddidoverandoveragain.Youwishyouhadatimecapsuletogobackandmakethingsrightifyoufindmistakes.Youfearwhatotherswillthinkaboutyouandthattheywillrejectanddislikeyou.Youseektobesociallyperfect.
Academically,youworklongendlesshoursjusttomakethoseexcellentmarks.Althoughmostwouldsay“it'sgoodtohavehighstandards,”theyhavenoideaabouttheinternalhellyouputyourselfthroughtoachieveperfection.Ifyoucomeuplessthanyourdesiredgoalyoufeelasthoughyouhavefailed,butyou'refarfromfailing,youjustdon'tseeitthatway.Soinsteadyouaretellingyourselfthatyou'restupid,andnotsmart.Thepressureyouplaceonyourselfweighsyoudownandyouwearthe“notgoodenough”labeleachandeveryday.
Younotonlyhavehighstandardsforyourselfbutyoualsohavethemforothers.Ifpeopledon'tperformuptoyourexpectations,thenyouthinktheyareincompetent.Thiscausesalotoffrustrationbecauseyoucan'ttrustanyonetogetthingsright.Soinsteadofbeingateamplayeryouflysolo(单飞)andtrytodotwoorthreejobsatonce.Yourunrealisticexpectationscauseyoutocriticizeandjudgeothersandthatleadstoproblemsinotherareasofyourlife.
Theattempttobeperfectiscalledperfectionismandit'stheunachievableAmericandreamthat'sdamagingouremotionalandmentalhealth.Westriveforperfectionwithourbody,inourperformance,andinourrelationships.In_a_society_that_overstates_mistakes,_is_it_any_wonder_that_so_many_young_people_attempt_the_impossible_task_of_being_perfect?
Weallhaveflaws,fears,andmakemistakes,andthat'sperfectlyOK.It'sourimperfectionsthatmakelifeinterestingandtheyhelpusgrowintoastrongerandmoreadaptableperson.Wedon'thavetostrivetoachievetheimpossible.Wearedesignedtobeperfectlyimperfect.
9.Whatmightbethemostsuitabletitleofthetext?
A.FarFromFailing
B.PerfectlyImperfect
C.PerfectionismPhenomenon
D.UnachievableAmericanDream
10.Whichofthefollowingisaperfectionistmostlikelytoagree?
A.Nobodyisperfect.
B.Begenerouswithpraise.
C.Thereisnobest,onlybetter.
D.Acontentedmindisaneverlastingfeast.
11.Whatcanweinferfromtheunderlinedsentenceinparagraph4?
A.Moreandmorepeoplearetoleratingmistakes.
B.Thesocietyispartlytoblameforperfectionism.
C.Manyyoungpeoplefinditimpossibletobeperfect.
D.It'sunusualforasocietytoseekperfectionismnowadays.
12.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofimperfection?
A.It'spartofourlife.
B.It'sunbearable.
C.Itdeservestobeovercome.
D.Itdoesharmtoourmentalhealth.
D
(2019·成都第一次诊断)Japanrecentlylowereditsvotingagefrom20to18.Thisdecisionwasinparttohelpyoungpeoplefeelmoreengagedinpolitics.Butitmayalsosignalthechangeofsocialviewsregardingthebeginningofadulthood.
Adulthoodhastraditionallybeendefinedbyacombinationofageandtheachievementofsocialmilestones(里程碑).Mostcountrieshavealegallydefinedagetodeterminewhenapersonbecomesanadult—theageofmajority.InAustralia,moststatesconsiderapersontobeanadultincourtat18.Theageof18isalsoconsistentwithotheradultprivileges,suchastherighttopurchasealcoholandtomarry.However,17yearoldscanserveinthearmyandgetadriver'slicence.Thelawdefinesadulthoodonthebasisofageanditalsorecognizestheprocessofbecominganadultasinvolvinghimselfgraduallyinsocialresponsibility.Thislegalapproachtoadulthoodismirroredinothercountries,wheretherearedifferencesbetweentheageofmajorityandsocialresponsibilitygiventoyoungpeople.
Socially,determinantsofadulthoodtraditionallyfocusonapersontakingincreasingresponsibilityfortheirlivesinvariousways.Completingschool,takingfulltimeemployment,gettingmarriedandparenthood—theseareallobservableindicatorstodeterminewhenapersonisviewedasanadult.
Sincethe1980s,however,peoplehaveachievedsomeoftheseobservablemilestonesatlaterages.Increasedaccesstoeducationhasdelayedyoungpeopleleavinghomeanddevelopingromanticrelationships.Economicchangeshavealsoresultedinunstableemploymentmarketsandincreasesincostsofliving,promptingmanyyoungpeopletoremainathomeanddependentonparents.
Duetothesesocialchanges,ourexpectationsofyoungpeopleandtheirlevelofsocialresponsibilityhavealsochanged.T
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