英语中实义动词之欧阳体创编.docx
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英语中实义动词之欧阳体创编.docx
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英语中实义动词之欧阳体创编
英语实义动词语法讲义
I.主要常用不及物的动词。
不及物动词后面不能跟宾语。
只能用以:
"主+谓"结构。
agreedisagreequarrelshoutcrylaughobjectsightalkbargainmatterworkstrugglefightgraduatesucceeddielistenlookstareglancehurryachefevercoughappearbelongcaredependlonghappenoccurexplodepauseresultsnowrain
gocomefallarrivesaildiveflowswimtravelwalkskatejumprisesitstaystep
waitremainsleeprestheadexistlivedance
II.延续动词与瞬间动词
表示的动作在瞬间就可以完成,瞬间动词的完成时态不能跟表示一段时间的时间状语连用。
1)用于完成时的区别
延续动词表示经验、经历;瞬间动词表示行为的结果,不能与表示段的时间状语连用。
Hehascompletedthework. 他已完成了那项工作。
(表结果)
I'veknownhimsincethen. 我从那时起就认识他了。
(表经历)
2) 用于till/until从句的差异
延续动词用于肯定句,表示"做……直到…"瞬间动词用于否定句,表示"到…,才……"
Hedidn'tcomebackuntilteno'clock.
他到10点才回来。
Hesleptuntilteno'clock.
他一直睡到10点。
典型例题
1.Youdon'tneedtodescribeher.I___herseveraltimes.
A.hadmet B.havemet C.met D.meet
答案B.首先本题后句强调对现在的影响,我知道她的模样,你不用描述。
再次,severaltimes告知为反复发生的动作,因此用现在完成时。
2.---I'msorrytokeepyouwaiting.
---Oh,notatall.I___hereonlyafewminutes.
A.havebeen B.hadbeen C.was D.willbe
答案A.等待的动作由过去开始,持续到现在,应用现在完成时。
主要常用瞬间动词
arrive,borrow,buy,close,fall,finish,go,join,kill,hit,leave,lend,die,marry,open,reach,return,start,stop,recognizeseethrow
III.主要及物动词。
及物动词后面必须跟宾语,可以用于:
"主+谓+宾";"主+谓+双宾"主+谓+宾+宾补"结构.
acceptreceiveearngainlosemisspackfoldloadachieveadmitafforddeclareannouncereviewbroadcastdescribediscussdoubtsupposecorrectmastermentioninferrepeatspellpractiseremindattemptattractinvitebookbitebakefrymilkwaterpourfilllockfastenbrushcombtidymineburydigremoveploughplantgrowcovercutcelebrateliberatebasechangebuildpumpdustcleansweepclosetearcompletefinishcontainincludedamagedestroyruinwiperepairmendfixdelivercarryshipcrossblocktieparkpulllinelistfightstruggledefeatdefendprotecteducatetraintestdecideplandesigninventexaminetestexperiencetrainintroducefollowformperformfoundhitholdincreasereducediscoverstealattackwoundkillmurderstarvekisstreatcuredesertthrowkickdevotetrustloveadmirehonourrespectvaluedesireenjoycomfortcalmpitytrustsupporthatedislikegreetwelcomethankdisturbfoolservesentencepunishmonitorownplatepricepublishprinttypeprepareputplacelayraiseliftreachheatwarmruleobeypraisescoldblamesavewastescoremarksortstorespenduniteconnectlimitwatchtouchpressvisitwaveweartimeusetotal
answerborrowbringbuychargecosthandenvyfetchnamepresentpostofferowequestionshowsupplyprovide
astonishdisappointfrighteninterestsatisfyseatshocksurprisetire
bearcatchhavekeepmakemeangivepicktakesend
considerknowhopeimaginefindproverealizerecognizerequestrequiresaytellsensesuggestunderstandwarnstatethink
adviceallowaskcheckdirectemployexpectforbidforceforgiveguidehireexcuseneednoticeletlikepersuadepermitpromisewantwish
时间:
2021.02.03
创作:
欧阳体
IV..既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的动词,其意义不变
continuebeginstartadvanceattendaimawakeblowbatheinsistinterruptreadwriterollpaintridereportseekrootshopfacefeedhurtgatherendclaptradestudyturnwinsmokewashstoptrysuffersellshinesetsewpaymindjoinfitfloatdropdelightdevelopbelievedivideforgetspeakeatdrownboilbendbreatheburnburstclimbcollectdelaydoubledressflyhideleadlandlearninchlackmeetmeasuresingmixopenorganizemarryracerecorddrinkspreadsmoothslowrecoverriderowimprove
callclearshutsinkfearteachsharehelpcookbreakcomparecrowdremember
V.既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的动词,其意义完全不同。
escapepartoperatereachrunrushreturnsearchsettleshootstrikespeedstampplayringhangsmellgetmanageregretdrawbeatlightdrivematchleavemovelaststandfailsucceedshakeknockweighstick
V.主动形式表被动意义的常见动词。
基本结构subj+V+adv。
如,Booksofthiskindsellswell。
Yourpenwritessmoothly。
Yourcompositionreadswell。
sellreadwritewearkeepdrawcuttearactlockrentwashbreakcookcleanopenworkout
VI.常没有被动语态而容易误用被动式的动词。
如,Heavylossesweresufferedbythem。
(错)。
Theysufferedheavylosses。
(对)
havefitlacksuitholdcostsufferlastbecomestandbelongtodependonhappentakeplacebreakoutturnout
VII.英语中一些常用进行时或现在时表将来的动词。
如,Themeetingbeginsat1:
30intheafternoon。
I’vewonaholidayfortwotoFlorida。
Iamtakingmymum。
comegoleavestartdrivemovebegintakefallarrivereturnsetofflandfly
VIII.英语中一些常用过去完成时或过去时表示未曾实现的愿望,打算或意图。
如,
Theyhadwantedtohelpbutcouldn’taffordanytime。
---Whyhaven’tyouboughtanybutter?
----ImeanttobutIforgotaboutit.
hopeexpectmeanintendsupposewantthink
IX.形式上主句否定饿而实际上否定转移的动词,这类动词之后可接so或not代替从句。
如,Idon’tthinktheyhavemadetheirminds,have’ntthey?
Isyourbrothergoingwithyou?
Ithinknot.或Idon’tthinkso.
thinkbelieveexpectimaginesupposefancy
注意:
hopeguessfearfancy不能否定转移,只能说Iguessnot而不能说
Idon’tguessso。
X.常见的只跟带to的动词不定式作宾语的及物动词或短语。
wantwishhopeexpectwouldlike/lovecarechooselearndesirelongplanpreparemeandesignagreepromiseofferrefuseaskbegdemandintenddecidedeterminemakeupone‘smindtendbothertroublemanagetryattemptaffordpretendaimtryone’sbesthavenochoicebut
注意:
动词+疑问词+to
decide,know,considerforget,learn,remember,show,understand,see,wonder,hear,findout,explain,telldiscover discussask
Pleaseshowushowtodothat.
Therearesomanykindsoftape-recordersonsalethatIcan'tmakeupmymindwhichtobuy.
XI.常见的跟带to的动词不定式作宾补的及物动词或短语。
即,动词+宾语+(todo)
command compel consider declare drive enable encourage find forbid force guess hire imagine induce inform instruct invite judge know like order permit persuade remind report request require select send state suppose tell think train trust understand urge warn
例句:
a. Fatherwillnotallowustoplayonthestreet.
b. Webelievehimtobeguilty.
注意:
promiseknowhopedemand
常见的不跟带to的动词不定式作宾补的及物动词let,have,makesee,watch,lookat,notice,observe,hear,listento,smell,feel,find
XII.动词及短语后加doing作宾语V.+doingsth
admit appreciate avoid complete consider delay deny endure enjoy escape preventfancy finish imagine mind miss postpone keep practiserecall resist risksuggest face include stand understand forgive excuse
defend involve avoid pardon
admitto prefer…to beusedto leadto devoteoneselfto objectto stickto bebusy lookforwardto to为介词)nogood, nouse, beworth… giveupcan'thelp,
It'snouse/good betiredoffeellike
befondof beproudof thinkof/about putoff keepon insiston counton/uponsetabout besuccessfulin
goodat takeup burstout prevent…from…
举例
(1) Wouldyoumindturningdownyourradioalittle,please?
(2) Thesquirrelwasluckythatitjustmissedbeingcaught.
注意:
动词ing形式与不定式语义不同的有12组:
1 stoptodo stopdoing
2forgettodo forgetdoing
3 remembertodo rememberdoing
4regrettodo regretdoing
5 beusedtodo beusedtodoing
6trytodo trydoing
7 goontodo goondoing
8afraidtodo afraiddoing
9 interestedtodo interesteddoing
10meantodo meandoing
11begin/starttodo begin/startdoing
12can‘thelptodocan’thelpdoing
X.表示"据说"或"相信"的词组
believe,consider,declare,expect,feel,report,say,see,suppose,think,understand
Itissaidthat… 据说
Itisreportedthat…据报道
Itisbelievedthat… 大家相信
Itishopedthat… 大家希望
Itiswellknownthat…众所周知
Itisthoughtthat… 大家认为
Itissuggestedthat… 据建议
Itistakengrantedthat… 被视为当然
Ithasbeendecidedthat…大家决定
Itmustberememberthat…务必记住的是
例句:
ItissaidthatshewillleaveforWuhanonTuesday.
It‘sgenerallybelievedthatteachingisasmuchanartasitisascience。
Robertissaidtohavestudiedabroad,butIdon‘tknowwhatcountryhestudiedin。
VX.本身含有“使…”的意义的动词.
surpriseastonishshockdelightworrysatisfypleaseseatdisappointdiscourage
encourageinterestmarryfrightentireexcitemove
VIX.其后常跟宾语从句且从句里用虚拟语气的动词。
ordersuggestrequirerequestdemandproposedesireinsistadvisewish
时间:
2021.02.03
创作:
欧阳体
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