Cisco Router Configuration 2nd EditionChapter2.docx
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Cisco Router Configuration 2nd EditionChapter2.docx
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CiscoRouterConfiguration2ndEditionChapter2
Chapter2.TheBasicsofDeviceConfiguration
PreliminaryConfigurationSteps—
ThebasicsofconfiguringaCiscodevicerunningtheIOS,startingwithwhattodowhenyoureceivethedeviceinashippingbox.
TheHelpSystem—
HowtousetheHelpsystemintheIOS.
NonprivilegedandPrivilegedModes—
ThetwopredefineduserlevelsforaccessingaCiscodevice.
MemoryConfigurationIssues—
DescriptionoftwoofthememorytypesfoundonCiscodevices,NVRAMandFlashmemory.
UserConfigurationMode—
TheIOSmethodtoperformdynamicconfigurationfromauserprompt,frommemory,orfromaserver.
ConfigurationCommands—
StructureofconfigurationcommandsusedbytheIOSandexamplesofbasicconfigurationcommands.
ThischapterexplainsthebasicsofCiscoIOSconfiguration,whichareusedthroughouttheremainderofthisbook.Webeginwiththefundamentalissueofsettingupadeviceafteritis"outofthebox"andcoverthemostfundamentalcomponentsoftheIOS,includingHelpfeatures,memoryconfiguration,andthestructureofconfigurationcommands.TheZIPnetwork,whichwasintroducedinthepreviouschapter,servesasacontextfordeviceconfigurationexamples.
PreliminaryConfigurationSteps
AllIOSdevicesareconfiguredwiththeminimalconfigurationpossiblefromthefactory.Forexample,bridgesandswitchesaresetuptoforwardandrunaspanningtreeonallports,buttheyarenotconfiguredforadvancedfeatures,suchasfiltering.Forroutersandaccessservers,Ciscoprovidesaminimalconfigurationthatrequiresyoutogiveinputbeforethedevicescanperformtheirfunctions.Whenyoureceiveyourrouteroraccessserver,alltheinterfacesonthedeviceareturnedoff,oradministrativelydowned.
TosetupaCiscodevice,firstplugthedeviceintoanelectricaloutletandfindthepowerswitchlocatedonthebackofthedevice.Ifyouturnonthepowerswitch(sometimeslabeledas1),thedevicepowersonandshowsthestatusLEDsonthefrontpanel.
AnotableexceptiontothisconventionisthepopularCisco2500seriesrouters.ThisspecificseriesofroutersdoesnothaveanystatusLEDsonthefrontofitsdevicestoshowthattheyarepoweredon,butitsdeviceseachhaveonestatusLEDonthebackneartheauxiliary(AUX)consoleport.
Note
ManyoftheLEDsassociatedwithothercomponentsofthedevice,suchasLANorWANinterfaces,maynotturnonuntilyouhaveconfiguredthem.ItisnotpossibletoconfigureLANorWANinterfaceswithoutpowerandwithoutenteringtheproperIOSconfigurationcommands.
TheConsolePort
ThenextstepinconfiguringanIOSdeviceistofindtheconsoleport.EveryCiscodevicehasaconsoleportthatisusedtoaccessthedevicefromadirectlyattachedterminal.TheconsoleportisoftenanRS-232CorRJ-45portlabeled"Console."
Afterlocatingtheconsoleport,youneedtoattachadedicatedterminalorPCwithaterminalemulator.Ciscoprovidesthenecessarycablestoconnecttotheconsoleportwitheachdevice.Ifyouhaveadedicatedterminaltoconnecttoyourdevice,youmightuseanRS-232Cconnectorontheterminal,connectthistoanRJ-45cable,andthenattachthisassemblydirectlytothedevice.
Somedevices,suchastheCisco7500router,requireyoutouseanRS-232CconnectoronbothendsoftheRJ-45cable,whereasotherdevices,suchastheCisco2500series,donot.IfyouplantouseaPCtoconnecttothedevice,youmighthavetoattachaDB-9connectortotheserialportofyourPCandthenusetheRJ-45cabletoconnecttoyourdevice.IfyourIOSdevicehasanRJ-45consoleport(suchasaCisco2500seriesorCisco3600seriesrouter),youneedonlytheproperconnectorfromtheRJ-45toyourconsole(oftenanRS-232Cconnector)orpersonalcomputer(oftenaDB-9connector).
AfterestablishingthephysicalconnectionfromyourterminalorPCtothedevice,youneedtoconfiguretheterminaltocommunicatewiththedeviceproperly.Youshouldsetyourterminal(orterminalemulationprogramonyourPC)tosupportthefollowingsettings:
∙VT100emulation
∙9600baud
∙Noparity
∙8databits
∙1stopbit
Afterthesesettingsarecorrect,youshouldpoweronyourdevice.YoushouldseeabannersimilartothiscodefromaCisco7206router:
SystemBootstrap,Version12.1
(1),SOFTWARE
Copyright(c)1986-2000byciscoSystems
RestrictedRightsLegend
Use,duplication,ordisclosurebytheGovernmentis
subjecttorestrictionsassetforthinsubparagraph
(c)oftheCommercialComputerSoftware-Restricted
RightsclauseatFARsec.52.227-19andsubparagraph
(c)
(1)(ii)oftheRightsinTechnicalDataandComputer
SoftwareclauseatDFARSsec.252.227-7013.
ciscoSystems,Inc.
170WestTasmanDrive
SanJose,California95134-1706
CiscoInternetworkOperatingSystemSoftware
IOS(tm)7200Software(C7200-P-M),RELEASESOFTWARE12.0(5)
BridgesandswitchesrunningtheIOSmayormaynotshowabannersimilartothis,dependingonthemodelofthedeviceanditsfunctionality.Regardlessofthebannershown,youshouldseesomeoutputonyourterminalorterminalemulatorwhenyoupoweronthedevice.Dependingonyourterminalemulationandsettings,youmayhavetopresstheEnterorReturnkeyonyourterminal'skeyboardbeforeyouseesomeoutput.
Ifyoudonotseeanyoutputonyourterminalorterminalemulator,checktheconnectionsandensurethattheterminalsettingsarecorrect.YoumightalsowanttorefertoCisco'sGettingStartedGuide,whichshipswitheachdevice.
TheSystemConfigurationDialog
Duringinitialpoweron,allroutersandaccessserversentertheSystemConfigurationDialogmode.ThisinteractivemodeappearsontheconsolescreenandasksyouquestionstohelpyouconfigurethebasicitemsintheIOS.TheSystemConfigurationDialogpromptsyoufirstforglobalsystemparametersandthenforinterface-specificparameters.
WhenenteringSystemConfigurationDialogmode,youshouldseethefollowingcode:
---SystemConfigurationDialog---
Atanypointyoumayenteraquestionmark'?
'forhelp.
Refertothe'GettingStarted'Guideforadditionalhelp.
Usectrl-ctoabortconfigurationdialogatanyprompt.
Defaultsettingsareinsquarebrackets'[]'.
Wouldyouliketoentertheinitialconfigurationdialog?
[yes]:
Note
Thepromptsandinterfaceoptionsshownheremaynotbeexactlythesameasshownonyourrouter.TheIOScustomizestheSystemConfigurationDialogautomatically,dependingontheplatformandtheinterfacesinstalledinyourrouter.ThisexamplewasdoneusingaCisco2500seriesrouter.
YoucanthenpressReturnorEntertobegintheSystemConfigurationDialog:
Wouldyouliketoentertheinitialconfigurationdialog?
[yes]:
First,wouldyouliketoseethecurrentinterfacesummary?
[yes]:
ThefollowinginterfacesummaryisforadevicedirectfromtheCiscofactory;ithasnotbeenconfiguredyet.Therefore,allinterfacesareshownasnotconfigured(indicatedbyNOintheOK?
column).TheinterfacesdonothaveIPaddressesassigned,sothiscolumnshowsavalueofunassignedforeachinterface.TheMethodcolumnreferstohowtheinterfacewasconfigured,suchasmanuallyorautomaticallyfromthenetwork.Atthistime,theinterfacesarenotset.Thelasttwocolumnsrefertothestatusoftheinterfaceandthedatalinkprotocolthatisrunningontheinterface.Bydefault,onanewdevice,allinterfacesbegininadownstatusandwithadowndatalinklayerprotocol.
InterfaceIP-AddressOK?
MethodStatusProtocol
Ethernet0unassignedNOnotsetdowndown
Serial0unassignedNOnotsetdowndown
Interpretingtheinterfacesummaryfurther,anEthernetisalocal-areanetwork(LAN)interface,andaserialisawide-areanetwork(WAN)interface.TheinterfacenameEthernet0denotesthefirstEthernetLANinthedevice,andtheinterfacenameSerial0denotesthefirstserialWANinthedevice.Ciscolabelsthedevicewiththesenamesonthephysicalportsontheoutsideoftheunit.ThevarioustypesofLANandWANinterfacesarediscussedinChapter3,"TheBasicsofDeviceInterfaces."
Thenextfewstepsconcernconfiguringthenameofthedevice,alogicalnametoassociatewiththisphysicalhardware,andpasswordsforthedevice.Let'sstartwiththedevicename.UsetheSingaporerouterfromtheZIPnetworkasasampledevicetobeconfigured:
Configuringglobalparameters:
Enterhostname[Router]:
Singapore
Tip
TheIOSacceptstheanswershowninbrackets([])asthedefaultentrytoquestions.Thisexampleshowsthedefaultanswersbeingenteredforclarity.
Asyouseeinthenextsectionofthischapter,thetwolevelsofcommandsintheIOSareprivilegedandnonprivileged.Youmustconfigureapasswordforeachdevice.Thispasswordisthekeytoenteringprivilegedmode.Privilegedpasswordsshouldbekeptconfidentialandtreatedthesameassuperuserorsystemadministratorpasswords.Itisstronglyrecommendedthatyouusetheenablesecretmethodandnottheolderenablepasswordmethodofsettingthepassword,becausetheenablesecretcommandusesaone-waycryptographicalgorithm.TofacilitateallIOSoptions,yousetbothmethodsinthisexample,butallexamplesintherestofthistextusetheenablesecretmethod.Youshouldsettheenablesecretto!
zippy2uandtheenablepasswordto!
zippy4me:
Theenablesecretwordisaone-waycryptographicsecretthatisused
insteadoftheenablepasswordwordwhenitexists.
Enterenablesecret:
!
zippy2u
Theenablepasswordisusedwhenthereisnoenablesecret
andwhenusingoldersoftwareandsomebootimages.
Enterenablepassword:
!
zippy4me
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