Chapter 12.docx
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Chapter 12.docx
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Chapter12
Chapter12
1).Whichfeatureisnotcharacteristicoftheanimals?
a).multicellularheterotrophs
b).sexualreproduction
c).embryonicdevelopment
d).cellwalls
Answer:
d
2).Mostofthephylaoftheanimalkingdomarefound
a).onland.
b).intheocean.
c).burrowingunderground.
d).infreshwaterhabitats.
Answer:
b
3).Thesubkingdomofanimalsthatlacksymmetryandhavenotruetissuesororgansisthe
a).Eumetazoa.
b).Radiata.
c).Parazoa.
d).Bilateria.
Answer:
c
4).ExceptfortheRadiata,theeumetazoans
a).lacktruetissuesandorgans.
b).aremonoblastic.
c).arediploblastic.
d).aretriploblastic.
Answer:
d
5).Cnidariansandctenophoransdifferfromothereumetazoansbyhaving
a).radialsymmetry.
b).bilateralsymmetry.
c).majororgansystems.
d).threetissuelayers.
Answer:
a
6).Theadvantageofbilateralsymmetryisthatitallowedfortheevolutionof
a).appendages.
b).cephalization.
c).reproductivestructures.
d).parasites.
Answer:
b
7).Membersofwhichgrouparenotdeuterostomes?
a).chordates
b).echinoderms
c).arthropods
d).noneofthese,allaredeuterostomes
Answer:
c
8).Theevolutionofaninternalbodycavityofferedanadvantageinanimalbodydesigninallareasexcept
a).circulation.
b).digestion.
c).freedomofmovement.
d).gametestorage.
Answer:
a
9).Thesegmentsofannelidsare
a).apparentintheembryobutnotintheadult.
b).specializedfordifferentfunctions.
c).mostobviousinthemesoderm(muscles)butnotintheectoderm.
d).repetitive-eachabletodevelopacompletesetofadultorgans.
Answer:
d
10).WhichofthefollowinghypothesesabouttheoriginofmetazoansissupportedbyribosomalRNAanalysis?
a).themultinucleatehypothesis
b).thecolonialflagellatehypothesis
c).thepolyphyleticoriginhypothesis
d).Noneofthese;rRNAanalysisdoesn'tsupportanyspecifichypothesis.
Answer:
b
Chapter13
1).Thetraditionalanimalfamilytreeplacesmoresignificanceonbodyplan(thepresenceofacoelom)whiletherRNAtreeplacesmoresignificanceon
a).embryologicaldevelopmentpatterns.
b).whetherornottheanimalmolts.
c).symmetry.
d).allofthese.
Answer:
b
2).Akeyevolutionarydevelopmentseenforthefirsttimeinthespongesis
a).acompletedigestivesystem.
b).tissues.
c).bodysymmetry.
d).multicellularity.
Answer:
d
3).Allofthefollowingarefoundinspongesexcept
a).spicules.
b).choanocytes.
c).adigestivetract.
d).sexualand/orasexualreproduction.
Answer:
c
4).Thefirstanimalgrouptoshowextracellulardigestionwasthe
a).sponges
b).cnidarians.
c).flatworms.
d).roundworms.
Answer:
b
5).Cnidariansprojectanematocysttocapturetheirpreyby
a).buildingupahighinternalosmoticpressure.
b).ejectingitwithajetofwater.
c).usingaspringlikeapparatus.
d).musclecontractionsthat"throw"thenematocyst.
Answer:
a
6).Whichofthefollowingisanexampleofanorganismwiththemedusabodyform?
a).ahydra
b).acoral
c).ananemone
d).ajellyfish
Answer:
d
7).Keyevolutionaryadvancesoftheflatwormsarebilateralsymmetryand
a).acoelom.
b).internalorgans.
c).aone-waydigestivetract.
d).abodycavity.
Answer:
b
8).Forexcretion,flatwormsuse
a).miracidium.
b).osmosis.
c).flamecells.
d).proglottids.
Answer:
c
9).Thetypeofbodycavityseenintheroundwormsiscalleda(n)
a).coelom.
b).acoelom.
c).pseudocoelom.
d).gastrovascularcavity.
Answer:
c
10).Thetypeofpseudocoelomatesfoundinsoil,freshwaterandmarineenvironments,andasparasitesare
a).nematodes.
b).Trichinella.
c).rotifers.
d).Cycliophora.
Answer:
a
Chapter14
1).Ofthemollusks,snailsareintheclassof
a).gastropods.
b).bivalves.
c).cephalopods.
d).chitons.
Answer:
a
2).Amantleis
a).presentonlyinbivalves.
b).astructurethatactsasalungorcontainsgills.
c).arasping,tonguelikeorganinmollusks.
d).necessaryformolluskstobemotile.
Answer:
b
3).Segmentationwasfirstapparentinthe
a).flatworms.
b).annelids.
c).mollusks.
d).arthropods.
Answer:
b
4).Whichofthefollowingisnotpresentinpolychaetes?
a).acoelom
b).parapodia
c).permanentgonads
d).setae
Answer:
c
5).Thelophophore,thestructurecharacteristicoflophophorates,
a).functionsingasexchange.
b).functionsinfeeding.
c).canbewithdrawnwhentheanimalisdisturbed.
d).Allofthesearecorrect.
Answer:
d
6).Thephylumthatshowsthegreatestdiversity,orthegreatestnumberofspecies,is
a).Arthropoda.
b).Brachiopoda.
c).Echinodermata.
d).Mollusca.
Answer:
a
7).Airforrespirationenterstheinsectbodythroughthe
a).tracheae.
b).spiracles.
c).tracheoles.
d).Malpighiantubules.
Answer:
b
8).Arthropodsshedtheiroldexoskeletonastheygrowinaprocessknownas
a).tagmatization.
b).metamorphosis.
c).chrysalis.
d).ecdysis.
Answer:
d
9).Whichanimalgrouphasradialsymmetry,awater-vascularsystem,moveswithtubefeet,andhasanendoskeleton?
a).arachnids
b).crustaceans
c).echinoderms
d).cnidarians
Answer:
c
10).Theechinodermsthatlackdistinctarmsarethe
a).brittlestars.
b).seaurchins.
c).seastars.
d).Asteroidea.
Answer:
b
TestYourVisualUnderstanding
1).TheradulashowninthefigureaboveisafeedingstructurefoundinindividualsofthephylumMolluscabutislackinginonegroupofmollusks.Whatgroupofmollusksdoesnothavearadula?
Howdoindividualsinthisgroupeat?
Answer:
Thebivalves,classBivalvia,donothaveradulas.Theradulaisarough,tonguelikefeedingstructurethatisscrappedacrossthesubstrateorburrowedintoprey.Thebivalvesarefilterfeeders,meaningthattheyfeedoffofsmallorganismstrappedintheirmantlecavityaswaterispassedthrough.
2).Horticulturaloilsaresometimesusedasinsecticidestoeliminateinsectpestsfromfoliagebycoatingtheinsectwithoil.Referringtothefigureabove,canyouexplainhowthismethodofinsecticidalcontrolworks?
Answer:
Theinsect"breathes"throughsmallopeningsinthesurfaceofthebodyknownasspiracles.Airpassesintothespiracleandthroughoutthebodybymeansofanetworkoftubules(tracheaandtracheoles).Bycoatingtheinsectbodywithhorticulturaloil,thespiraclesarepluggedupandaircannotpassintothebody.Withoutaircominginthroughthespiracles,theinsectsuffocates.
ApplyYourKnowledge
1).Freshwaterbivalvesareanimportantecologicalresourcebecausetheyfilterfreshwatersystems.Apopulationoffreshwaterbivalveslocatedinameter-squaredareaofsubstratumfilters10m3ofwateraday.Howmanylitersofwaterarefilteredperday(1m3equals1000liters)?
Howmanylitersofwaterarefilteredperhour?
Howmanylitersofwaterwouldbefilteredbyapopulationfillinga5m2areaofsubstratum?
Answer:
If1m3equals1,000liters,then10m3wouldbe10,000litersandsothispopulationofbivalveswouldfilter10,000litersperday.At10,000litersperdaytheywouldfilter10,000/24hoursor416.7litersperhour.Ifa1m3populationfilters10,000litersofwateraday,apopulation5m3wouldfilter50,000litersofwaterinaday.
2).Scientistsbelievetheancestralmolluskhadaverylimitedshell,consistingmainlyofcalcareousplates.Theshellbecamemoredevelopedinsomegroupsbutwaslostinothers.Whatistheevolutionaryadvantageofhavingashell?
Ofnothavingone?
Answer:
Amollusk'sshellprovidestheanimalwithprotection.Asnailcanpullintoitsshellandaclamcancloseitsshellwhenthreatened.However,ashellalsolimitsmobility.Molluskssuchasthecephalopodshaveessentiallylosttheirshellsovertime.Thecephalopodsarepredatoryanimalsandassuch,mobilityisextremelyimportant.Themobilitythatcomeswithoutashellallowsthemtocatchpreyandescapeattackifthreatened.
3).Althougharthropodsareverysuccessfulinaquaticenvironments,whatarethekeyadaptationsthatfacilitatedtheinvasionofthelandbyarthropods?
Answer:
Thearthropodssuccessfullyinvadedlandwiththeadaptationsofanexoskeleton,jointedappendages,arespiratorysystem,andspecializedstructuressuchascompoundeyesandwings.Theexoskeletonincreasedmobilityoverthehydrostaticskeletonofthewormsbecauseitallowedamoresolidstructurefortheanchoringofmuscles.Thisallowedforthemovementofindividualappendagesthatincreasedspeedandagility.Thejointedappendagesalsoincreaseagility.Therespiratorysystemininsects(spiraclesandtubules)andarachnids(booklungs)increasedgasexchangeinanimalsthatwereencasedinagas-impermeableexoskeletonandreducedwaterloss.Theadaptationofspecializedstructuressuchascompoundeyesandwingsallowedterrestrialarthropodstobetterperceiveandrespondtochangesintheirenvironment.
4).Whyisitbelievedthatechinodermsandchordates,whicharesodissimilar,aremembersofthesameevolutionaryline?
Answer:
Twokeyevolutionaryadaptationslinkthesetwoanimallinestogether:
deuter
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