届河北省平山县高考英语一轮阅读理解讲练及答案3.docx
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届河北省平山县高考英语一轮阅读理解讲练及答案3.docx
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届河北省平山县高考英语一轮阅读理解讲练及答案3
阅读下列四篇短文,从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
Plantsarefloweringfasterthanscientistspredicted(预测)inreactiontoclimatechange,whichcouldhavelongdamagingeffectsonfoodchainsandecosystems.
Globalwarmingishavingagreateffectonhundredsofplantandanimalspeciesaroundtheworld,changingsomelivingpatterns,scientistssay.
Increasedcarbondioxide(CO2)intheairfromburningcoalandoilcanhaveaneffectonhowplantsproduceoxygen,whilehighertemperaturesandchangeablerainfallpatternscanchangetheirpatternsofgrowth.
“Predictingspecies’reactiontoclimatechangeisamajorchallengeinecology,”saidtheresearchersofseveralU.S.universities.Theysaidplantshadbeenthekeyobjectofstudybecausetheirreactiontoclimatechangecouldhaveaneffectonfoodchainsandecosystemservices.
Thestudy,publishedontheNaturewebsite,usesthefindingsfromplantlifecyclestudiesandexperimentsacrossfourcontinentsand1,634species.Itfoundthatsomeexperimentshadunderestimated(低估)thespeedoffloweringby8.5timesandleafingby4times.
“Acrossallspecies,theexperimentsunder-predictedthespeedoftheadvance—forbothleafingandflowering—thatresultsfromtemperatureincreases,”thestudysaid.
Thedesignoffutureexperimentsmayneedtobeimprovedtobetterpredicthowplantswillreacttoclimatechange,itsaid.
PlantsarenecessaryforlifeontheEarth.Theyarethebaseofthefoodchain,usingphotosynthesis(光合作用)toproducesugarfromcarbondioxideandwater.Theyletoutoxygenwhichisneededbynearlyeveryorganismontheplanet.
Scientistsbelievetheworld’saveragetemperaturehasrisenbyabout0.8℃since1900,andnearly0.2℃everytenyearssince1979.
Sofar,effortstocutemissions(排放)ofplanet-warminggreenhousegasesarenotseenasenoughtopreventtheEarthheatingupbeyond2℃thiscentury—apointscientistssaywillbringthedangerofachangeableclimateinwhichweatherextremesarecommon,leadingtodrought,floods,cropfailuresandrisingsealevels.
1.WhatisthekeyinformationtheauthorwantstogiveinParagraph1?
A.Plants’reactiontoweathercouldhavedamagingeffectsonecosystems.
B.Theincreasingspeedoffloweringisbeyondscientists’expectation.
C.Climatechangeleadstothechangeoffoodproductionpatterns.
D.Foodchainshavebeenseriouslydamagedbecauseofweather.
2.WecanlearnfromthestudypublishedontheNaturewebsitethat .
A.plants’floweringis8.5timesfasterthanleafing
B.thereare1,634plantspeciesonthefourcontinents
C.scientistsshouldimprovethedesignoftheexperiments
D.theexperimentsfailedtopredicthowplantsreacttoclimatechange
3.Scientistspayspecialattentiontothestudyofplantsbecause .
A.theycanprovetheclimatechangeclearly
B.theyareveryimportantinthefoodchains
C.theyplayaleadingroleinreducingglobalwarming
D.theyaregrowingandfloweringmuchfasterthanbefore
4.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelasttwoparagraphsabouttheworld’stemperature?
A.Ithasrisennearly0.2℃since1979.
B.Itschangewillleadtoweatherextremes.
C.Itis0.8℃higherin1979thanthatof1900.
D.Itneedstobecontrolledwithin2℃inthiscentury.
【参考答案】1—4、BCBD
阅读理解。
阅读下列四篇短文,从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
TheAmericanbookWhoMovedMyCheesehasbeenabestsellerallovertheworld.Itteachespeoplehowtofacechangesintheirlives.NowitsauthorSpenceJohnsonhaswrittenabookjustforteens.Thebooktellsusthatwhenfacingchangeinourlives,likeanewschoolornewfriends,don'tbeafraid.Instead,usethischangetomakeabetterlife.Thebookgivesanexampleofachangeatschool.Aschoolischangingfromhavingtwotermstothreetermsbecausetherearetoomaystudents.
Severalteensaretalkingaboutthis.Mostofthemareunhappyandworried.ButChrisisnot.Helaughsandtellsastoryabouttwomice,two"littlepeople"andsomecheese.
Thefourareinamazelookingforthecheese.Here,cheesemeanssomethingimportantinlife,likemovingtoanewclassorgettingintocollege.Buttheyfindthecheeseisgone.Themicerealizethattheycan'tchangewhathashappenedandhavetofindmorecheese.Thismeansfindingdifferentdreams.Thelittlepeople,however,can'tdothis.Theyareafraidofchangesotheyfindnocheese.
AfterChrisfinishesthestory,thefriendsunderstandonething:
togetmorecheese,moveinanewdirectionquickly.Hisfriendsunderstandhowthiscanbeusedinthechangesallteensface,suchasdoingwellatschoolorhavinggoodrelationshipsorjustfeelinggoodaboutyourself.
1.ThebookWhoMovedMyCheeseis_______.
A.writtenallovertheworldB.readacrosstheworld
C.soldonlyinAmericaD.lovedonlybyteens
2.Whatdoesthetextmainlydiscuss?
A.Neverchangeinourlife.B.Changewhenyouliketodo.
C.Changewiththechanges.D.Payattentiontothechanges.
3.Theunderlineword"four"(paragraph3)refersto_____.
A.MiceandlittlepeopleB.StudentsC.CheeseD.Readers
4.Inourlives,weshouldlearnfrom_______.
A.MiceB.LittlepeopleC.ChrisD.SpenceJohnson
5.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?
A.TheauthorisBritain.
B.Therearethreetermsineveryschool.
C.Mostteensdon'tunderstandChris'story.
D.Thebooktellsteenshowtofacechangesintheirlives.
【参考答案】1—5、BCAAD
【陕西省2014五校联考】
阅读下列四篇短文,从每小题后所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。
LASTweek,theCollegeBoardannouncedthatitwasrevisingtheSAT(ScholasticAssessmentTest)inanefforttomakeitmoreacceptabletotest-takers,teachers,collegeadmissionofficersandthepublicmoregenerally.Test-takerswhoreceivelowerscoresthantheyhavehopedforarelikelytobeconcernedabouttheiracademicfuture.It’snowonderthatit’shardtodiscussthetestwithoutnegativefeelings.
TheSATisn’tperfect.Likeanytest,itcanbemisused,andmayreflectunequaleducationalopportunities.EvenbeforetheannouncementoftheSAT’sredesign,expertswerediscussingthetest’slimitations.WritinginTheNewYorker,ElizabethKolbertdescribeditsquestionsaslimited:
“Criticalthinkingwasnevercalledfor,letalonecuriosityorimagination.”ButtheSATprovidesaneffectivemeasureofaperson’sabilitytoreasonthroughverbal(文字性的)andmathematicalmaterials,askillrequiredincollege.Althoughthereareconflictingreportsontheissue,astudypublishedinthejournalEducationalandPsychologicalMeasurementin2011foundthattheSATcanmeaningfullyaddtothepredictionofastudent’sfirst-yearcollegeacademicperformance,abovehisgradesinhighschoolalone.ThefactthattheSATcanhelppredictthisis,tome,anastonishingachievementthatcannotbeignored.
Wecannotaffordtoignoretestsbecausetheyfallshortofperfectionormakeusuncomfortable.Butthere’sabetterwaytomaketheSATmoreacceptableinthelongrun:
Weshouldexpandthetypesoftestsweusesoastomorefullyreflectwhatstudentscando.Whatif,inadditiontotheSAT,studentswereofferednewteststhatmeasuredmorediverseabilities?
Forfutureartistsormusicians,thereareteststhatmeasurecreativethinking—alargelyignoredabilitybytheSAT.Forfutureengineers,thereareteststhatmeasuretheirsenseofspace.Andnewmeasuresof“personalintelligence”—theabilitytoreasonaboutaperson’smotives,emotionsandpatternsofactivities—mayalsotellussomethingimportantaboutstudents’self-knowledgeandunderstandingofothers.
53.Whyisitdifficultforthetesttakerstodiscussthetestwithoutnegativefeelings?
A.TheSATisunacceptableforthetesttakers,teachers,officersandthepublic.
B.Theymaynotgetsatisfactoryscoresanditinfluencestheiradmissiontocollege.
C.TheSATcan’treflecttheircreativethinking,curiosityaswellastheirimagination.
D.Theboarddon’tknowhowtomaketheSATmoresuitableforthetesttakers.
54.ElizabethKolbertmayconsidertheSATtobe_________.
A.imaginativeB.creativeC.criticalD.limited
55.Accordingtothetext,theauthormaydisagreewiththeideathat_________.
A.theSATcanatsomepointpredicthowastudentwilldointhefreshmanyearofcollegeacademically
B.theSAThelpsmeasurestudents’abilityofreasoningthroughtheircreativityandimagination
C.theSATwillbemoreacceptableifcreativethinking,senseofspaceandpersonalintelligencearetestedaswell
D.theSAThasmanylimitationsanditmaymakeadifferencetostudents’educationalopportunities
56.The article most probably appears in the newspaper column __________.
A. Sports B. EntertainmentC. CityNewsD. Education
【参考答案】53-56BDBD
【附】
阅读理解概述(3)题型探究
探究点二 主旨大意题
主旨大意题主要是测试考生对一篇文章或一段文字的深层理解程度以及在速读中准确把握文章主旨大意的能力。
一般针对某一语段或某一语篇的主题标题或目的设题。
这类题目考查的范围是:
基本论点、文章标题、主题或段落大意等。
它要求考生在理解全文的基础上能较好地运用概括、归纳、推理、判断等逻辑思维方法,对文章进行高度概括或总结。
要准确地抓住文章的主题思想,就要十分留意文章的开头和结尾,要抓住文中具有概括性的信息,从上下文连贯的意思来理解全文,看作者主要谈的是什么,透过文字叙述的过程来归纳主题,再从选择项中找出最符合表达主题思想的选项。
有些干扰项,从局部看也许不算错,但从全局看却又片面。
这类干扰项与正确答案之差,其实是局部与全局之差。
考生在做题时不要为局部现象迷惑,而忽略了文章的整体思想。
一、题型特点与命题方式
【设题类型】
1.概括文章大意;
2.选出最佳题目(标题);
3.概括人物特点。
【设问形式】
1.标题类
(1)Thebesttitle/headlineforthispassagemightbe__________.
(2)Thetext(passage)couldbeentitled__________.
(3)Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?
(4)Whichofthefollowingwouldbesuitableasatitleforthepassage?
2.大意类
(1)Thispassagechieflydealswith__________.
(2)What’sthetopicofthearticle?
(3)Whatisthesubjectdiscussedinthetext?
(4)Withwhattopicisthepassagechieflyconcerned?
二、解题思路与应试技巧
做这类题时常用略读法。
快速阅读文章找出各个段落的主题句。
把各个段落的主题句联系起来着眼于全文结构安排,了解文章的重心,就能概括出文
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
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