普通高等学校招生全国统一考试打靶卷英语试题含答案.docx
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普通高等学校招生全国统一考试打靶卷英语试题含答案.docx
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普通高等学校招生全国统一考试打靶卷英语试题含答案
按秘密级事项管理★启用前
2020年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(打靶卷)英语试题
注意事项:
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第一部分阅读(共两节,满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
ThefollowingpropertieswhichtheWorldHeritageCommittee(世界遗产委员会)hasdecidedtoincludeontheListofWorldHeritageareunderthreat.
CulturalLandscapeandArchaeologicalRemainsoftheBamiyanValley(Afghanistan)
TheculturallandscapeandarchaeologicalremainsoftheBamiyanValleystandfortheartisticandreligiousdevelopmentswhichfromthe1sttothe13thcenturiescharacterizedancientBakhtria.TheareacontainsanumberofBuddhistmonasticensembles,aswellasstrongbuildingsfromtheIslamicperiod.
HistoricCentreofVienna(Austria)
ViennadevelopedfromearlyCelticandRomansettlementsintoaMedievalandBaroquecity,thecapitaloftheAustro-HungarianEmpire.ItplayedanimportantroleasaleadingEuropeanmusiccentre,fromthegreatageofVienneseClassicismthroughtheearlypartofthe20thcentury.ThehistoriccentreofViennaisrichinarchitecturalbuildings,includingBaroquecastlesandgardens,aswellasthelate-19th-centuryRingstrasselinedwithgrandbuildings,monumentsandparks.
OkapiWildlifeReserve(DemocraticRepublicoftheCongo)
TheOkapiWildlifeReserveoccupiesaboutone-fifthoftheIturiforestinthenorth-eastoftheDemocraticRepublicoftheCongo.TheCongoriverbasin,ofwhichthereserveandforestareapart,isoneofthelargestdrainagesystemsinAfrica.Thereservecontainsthreatenedspeciesofprimatesandbirdssurvivinginthewild.Italsohassomeamazingscenery,includingwaterfallsontheIturiandEpulurivers.ThereserveisinhabitedbytraditionalnomadicpygmyMbutiandEfehunters.
1.WhichofthefollowingheritagesitesislocatedinAsia?
A.OkapiWildlifeReserve.
B.HistoricCentreofVienna.
C.TheAustro-HungarianEmpire.
D.CulturalLandscapeandArchaeologicalRemainsoftheBamiyanValley.
2.WhomaygetinterestedinHistoricCentreofVienna?
A.Musiccomposers.
B.Birdsresearchers.
C.Modembuildinglovers.
D.NaturalSceneryPhotographer.
3.Whatdothethreeworldheritagesiteshaveincommon?
A.Theyareallindanger.
B.Theyareclosedtothepublic.
C.Theyfeaturelotsofancientbuildings.
D.TheyaretoberemovedfromtheWorldHeritageList.
B
The"cloudwar"istakingplaceasthedisputebetweentheUnitedStatesandChinaaboutdatahackingandcomputernetworksecuritygrowsstronger.ChinesecompaniessuchasAlibaba,BaiduandHuaweiareexpandingwithintheircountryandgainingcustomersinothercountries.Theyarecreatingdatacentersinmultiplecountriesandtryingtoselldatamanagementservicesthroughouttheworld.
Theincreasingcompetitionincloudcomputingandstorageincursthenewchallengeandworriessomeexperts.Theyareconcernedaboutthesafetyofdata.Afterall,companiesoftenusethecloudtostoreimportant,confidentialinformationandtooperatesuchactivitiesasdata-drivenmachinery,telecommunications,bankingandtransportsystems—includingplansfordriverlessvehicles.
LeeBranstetterisanassociateprofessorofeconomicsattheHeinzSchoolofPolicyandManagementoftheCarnegieMellonUniversity.Hetoldmanymulti-nationalcompanies"haveseriousconcernsabouttheprotectionoftheirintellectualproperty(知识产权)."Branstettersaidsomeoftheselargecompaniesalreadybelievetheyhavelostvaluableinformation.
SheilaJasanoffisthedirectoroftheprogramonscience,technologyandsocietyatHarvard'sKennedySchool.Shecalledthecloudcomputingindustry"unruly".Inotherwords,theindustryisnotstrictlygoverned.
"People(inthebusiness)aremakingrulesastheygoalongortakingadvantageofthelackofrules,"Jasanoffsaid.Shesaidcloudcomputingcompaniesarenotclearaboutwhatsecuritymeasurestheyarepromisingcustomers.Sheisworriedthatamajoraccidentmayhappenbeforegovernmentsrealizetheneedforstrongerrulesinthecloudcomputingindustry.Shebelievesthereshouldbeinternationally-acceptedrulestomeetthenewchallenge.Butshedoesnotbelieveaninternationalagreementwillbereachedanytimesoon.
4.Whatdoesthe"cloudwar"referto?
A.Thewarupinthesky.
B.Somekindofcoldwar.
C.TheChina-USrelationship.
D.Thecompetitiononthe"cloud".
5.WhatconcernssomeexpertsaccordingtoParagraph2?
A.Informationsecurity.
B.Warsamongcountries.
C.Thestorageof“cloud”.
D.Thelackoftechnology.
6.WhichofthefollowingmaybeconsistentwithJasanoff'sopinion?
A.Amajoraccidentisboundtotakeplacesoon.
B.Anagreementistobereachedinthenearfuture.
C.Thecloudindustryneedsguidingandmonitoring.
D.Governmentshavekeptaneyeoncloudindustry.
7.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?
A.China'sRiseorNot
B.NewWar,NewChallenge
C.ChancesonCloudInformation
D.GrowthofCloudComputingIndustry
C
Recentyearshavewitnessedthegrowthofluxury(奢侈品)brands.It'sclearthatanewgenerationofyoung,materialisticpeopleisincreasinglyrelyingonluxurybrandstoimproveitsself-image.
Iamafashionistatoo,atleastinspirit---Ilovetolookatclothesandshoes.ButIdon'tunderstandwhypeoplespendlotsofmoneyondesignerlabels.Whenayoungwomanbuysahandbagthatcoststwomonthsofhersalary,that'sascarything.
What'sinterestingisthatscientistshavefoundthathavingluxurythingsdoesn'tleadtohappiness.
Studyafterstudyhasshownthatalthoughwewantmaterialthings,whenwegetthemwedon'tsuddenlybecome"happy"people.Infact,aseriesofstudieshaveshownthatindividualswhospendmoneyontravelandsimilarexperiencesgetmorepleasurethanthoseonmaterialthings.That'sbecauseexperiencesaremoreeasilyintegratedintoaperson'sidentity.IfItraveltoYunnan,thatadventureaffectshowIthinkinthefuture.Mymemoriesbecomeapartofme.Moreover,asVanBovenhasobserved,youngpeoplewhopursuehappinessthrough“things"arelikedlessbytheirpeers.Peoplepreferthosewhopursuehappinessthroughexperiences.
It'snaturaltowanttoexpressyourselfthroughyourappearance.Somyadviceis:
createalookthatisn'ttiedtoadesignerlabel.Conveyyourownmessage.TakesomelessonsfromthelateAppleco-founderSteveJobs.HewasalwaysinLevisjeansandablackturtleneck.MarkZuckerberg,founderofFacebook,routinelyappearsinhoodiesandsneakers.Thesepeople,successfulpeople,havestyle.
Youdon'thavetobreakthebanktosendamessageaboutwhoyouare.Takeatrip.Gooutintotheworld.Thencomebackandconfidentlycreateyourownsignaturelook.
8.What'stheauthor'sattitudetowardsluxuryconsumption?
A.Favorable.
B.Negative.
C.Positive.
D.Unconcerned.
9.What'sthemainideaofthefourthparagraph?
A.Materialthingscan'tbringaboutjoy.
B.Experiencessinkintopersonality.
C.It'sbettertoinvestinexperiences.
D.Others'preferenceisofimportance.
10.WhyareSteveJobsandMarkZuckerbergmentionedinthetext?
A.Tohonorthetwosuccesses.
B.Toadvocatetheirexperience.
C.Tosupporttheauthor'sargument.
D.Toinspireyoungpeople'sambition.
11.Whatistheunderlinedsentenceintendedtoexpress?
A.Domindyourfinancialsecurity.
B.Dotrytomakemoremoney.
C.Don'trobabankforluxuries.
D.Don'tspendmuchonyourimage
D
Morethan40%oftheinsectsarounduscouldbecomeextinctinnextfewdecades.Simultaneously,thepopulationoftheadaptableandgeneralspecieslikethatofhouseflies,cockroachesandfleasislikelytobloom.
Althoughsomespeciesofinsectsarevectors(带菌者)ofseriousdiseases,orothersdestroycrop,butaworldwithoutinsectsisinconceivable.Theirimportanceininterconnectedecosystemsandfoodchainscanneverbeundermined.Insectshaveessentialrolesinterrestrialandfreshwaterecosystemsasherbivores,carnivoresanddecomposers.
Thereare17timesasmanyinsectsashumans,andthesenumbersareessentialforproperfunctioningofallecosystems.Insectsareresponsibleforpollinatingaround75%ofthecropsintheworldandalsoserveasfoodforothercreatures.Theyreplenishsoilsandkeepthenumberofpestsincheck.
Theprimarycauseofthisextinctionislossofhabitat.Beitthegrasslandsorwetlands,everythingisvanishinginman'squesttowardsintensiveagricultureandurbanization.
Anothercauseofthisdeclineistheexcessiveuseofpesticides,fertilizersandintroducedinvasivespecies.Asifthiswasn'tenough,climatechangeandpollutionofallsortshavealreadystartedworseningtheirlives.Climatechangemayalsocauseemergenceofnewpestsandothervector-borneinsects.
ThebiggestthreatofInsectArmageddoncomesfromGermany,where75%ofinsectpopulationhavedeclinedinjust30yearsandfromPuertoRico,wheredueto2degreeriseintemperature,therehasbeen60folddeclineininvertebrate(无脊椎的)populationsincethe1970s.
However,thefactthatinsectsgettingextinctisaglobalcrisisisundisputed.Buttheneatthingaboutinsectsis,weallcandoourbittosavethem.Weallcanmaintainpesticide-freekitchengardensandorganicfarms.Wecanplantflowersandtreesandinvitethemtonestagain.
Maybethistragedywouldhaveneverariseninthefirstplaceandyouwouldnothavetoreadthisarticle,iftheworldhadstoppedusingallkindsofpesticidesimmediatelyafterRachelCarsonhadpublishedtheSilentSpring.Conservingtheinsectbiodiversityisnotourresponsibility.Itisanecessitybecauseiftheygo,sowillwe.
12.Whycan'twestandaworldwit
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