中考英语阅读理解专题训练01.docx
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中考英语阅读理解专题训练01.docx
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中考英语阅读理解专题训练01
2012中考英语:
2012年2月阅读理解专题训练【01】【通用教师版】
专题训练(三)
A
AlongtheriverbanksofAmazonandtheOrinocotherelivesabirdthatswimsbeforeitcanfly,flieslikeafatchicken,eatsgreenleaves,hasthestomachofacowandhasclaw(爪)onitswingswhenyoung.Theybuildtheirhomesabout4.6mabovetheriver,animportantfeature(特征)forthesafetyoftheyoung.Itiscalledthehoatzin.
Inappearance,thebirdsofbothsexeslookverymuchalikewithbrownonthebackandcreamandredontheunderside.Theheadissmall,withalargesetoffeathersonthetop,brightredeyes,andblueskin.Itsnearestrelativesarethecommonbirds,cuckoos.Itsmoststrikingfeature,though,isonlyfoundintheyoung.
Babyhoatzinshaveaclawontheleadingedgeofeachwingandanotherattheendofeachwingtip.Usingthesefourclaws,togetherwiththebeak(喙),theycanclimbaboutinthebushes,lookingverymuchlikeprimitivebirdsmusthavedone.Whentheyounghoatzinshavelearnedtofly,theylosetheirclaws.
DuringthedriermonthsbetweenDecemberandMarchhoatzinsflyabouttheforestingroupsof20to30birds,butinApril,whentherainyseasonbegins,theycollecttogetherinsmallerlivingunitsoftwotosevenbirdsforproducingpurposes.
()1.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?
A.Hoatzinsindryandrainyseason.
B.Therelativesandenemiesofhoatzins
C.PrimitivebirdsandhoatzinsoftheAmazon.
D.Theappearanceandlivinghabitsofhoatzins
()2.Younghoatzinsaredifferentfromtheirparentsinthat______.
A.theylooklikeyoungcuckoos
B.theyhaveclawsonthewings
C.theyeatalotlikeacow
D.theyliveonriverbanks
()3.Whatcanweinferaboutprimitivebirdsfromthetext?
A.Theyhadclawstohelpthemclimb.
B.Theycouldflylongdistances
C.Theyhadfourwingslikehoatzins
D.Theyhadaheadwithlongfeathersonthetop
()4.Whydohoatzinscollecttogetherinsmallergroupswhentherainyseasoncomes?
A.Tofindmorefood.
B.Toprotectthemselvesbetter
C.Tokeepthemselveswarm
D.Toproducetheiryoung.
B
The2012LondonOlympicshadenoughproblemstoworryabout.Butonemorehasjustbeenadded–acommunicationsblackoutcausedbysolarstorms.
AfteraperiodofcalmwithintheSun,scientistshavedetectedthesignsofafleshcycleofsunspotsthatcouldpeakin2012,justintimeforthearrivaloftheOlympictorchinLondon.
NowscientistsbelievethatthispeakcouldresultinvastsolarexplosionsthatcouldthrowbillionsoftonsofchargedmattertowardstheEarth,causingstrongsolarstormsthatcouldjamthetelecommunicationssatellitesandinteractlinkssendingfiveOlympicbroadcastfromLondon.
“TheSun’sactivityhasastronginfluenceontheEarth.TheOlympiccouldbeinthemiddleofthenextsolarmaximumwhichcouldaffectthefunctionsofcommunicationssatellites,”saidProfessorRichardHarrison,headofspacephysicsattheRutherfordAppletonLaboratoryinOxfordshire.
Atthepeakofthecycle,violentoutburstscalledcoronalmassejections(日冕物质抛射)occurintheSun’satmosphere,throwingoutgreatquantitiesofelectrically-chargedmatter.”Acoronalmassejectioncancarryabilliontonsofsolarmaterialintospaceatoveramillionkilometersperhour.Sucheventscanexposeastronautstoadeadlyamount,candisablesatellites,causepowerfailuresonEarthanddisturbcommunications,”ProfessorHarrisonadded.Theriskisgreatestduringasolarmaximumwhenthereisthegreatestnumberofsunspots.
NextweekinAmerica,NASAisscheduledtolaunchasatelliteformonitoringsolaractivitycalledtheSolarDynamicsObservatory(SDO),whichwilltakeimagesoftheSunthat10timeclearerthanthemostadvancedtelevisionsavailable.
TheRutherfordAppletonLaboratoryhelpedtomakethehigh–techcamerasthatwillcaptureimagesofthesolarflares(太阳耀斑)andexplosionsastheyoccur.
ProfessorHarrisonHoldaway,thelab’sdirectorsaidthattheSDOshouldbeabletoprovideearlywarningofasolarflareorexplosionbigenoughtoaffectsatellitecommunicationsonEarth“Ifwehaveadvancewarning,we’llbeabletoreducethedamage.Whatyoudon’twantisthingsswitchingoffforaweekwithnoideaofwhat’scausedtheproblem,”hesaid.
()1.Thephrase”communicationsblackout”inparagraph1mostprobablyrefersto_____duringthe2012Olympics.
A.theextinguishingoftheOlympictorch
B.thecollapseofbroadcastingsystems
C.thetransportationbreakdowninLondon
D.thedestructionofweathersatellites
()2.Whatcanbeinferredaboutthesolaractivitydescribedinthepassage?
A.ThemostfatalmatterfromthecoronafallsontoEarth.
B.Thesolarstormpeakoccursinthemiddleofeachcycle.
C.IttakesseveralsecondsforthechargedmattertoreachEarth.
D.Thenumberofsunspotsdeclinesaftercoronalmassejections.
()3.Accordingtothepassage,NASAwilllaunchasatelliteto_____.
A.takeimagesofthesolarsystem
B.provideearlywarningofthunderstorms
C.keeptrackofsolaractivities
D.improvethecommunicationsonEarth
()4.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?
A.SolarStorm:
AnInvisibleKiller
B.SolarStorm:
EarthEnvironmentinDanger
C.SolarStorm:
ThreateningtheHumanRace
D.SolarStorm:
HumanActivitiestoBeTroubled
C
Inthekitchenofmymother’shousestherehasalwaysbeenawoodenstand(木架)withasmallnotepad(记事本)andaholeforapencil.
I’mlookingforpaperonwhichtonotedownthenameofabookIamrecommendingtomymother.Overfortyyearssincemyearliestmemoriesofthekitchenpadandpencil,fivehouseslater,thecurrentpaperandpencillookthesameastheyalwaysdid.Surelyitcan’tbethesamepencil?
Thepadismoremodern,butthewoodenstandisdefinitelytheoriginalone.
“I’mjustamazedyoustillhavethesamestandforholdingthepadandpencilafteralltheseyears.”Isaytoher,workingbackintotheliving–roomwithasheetofpaperandthepencil.“Youstilluseapencil.Can’tyouaffordapen?
”
Mymotherrepliesalittlesharply.”Itworksperfectlywell.I’vealwayskeptthestandinthekitchen.IneverknewwhenImightwanttonotedownanidea,andIwasalwaysinthekitchenintheseday.”
ImmediatelyIcanpictureher,hairwild,bluehousecoatcoveredinflour,awoodenspooninonehand,thepencilintheother,hermouthmovingsilently.Mymothersmilesandsays,”OnedayIwascookingandwatchingbabyPauline,andIhadabrilliantthought,butthestandwasempty.Oneofthechildrenmusthavetakenthepaper.SoIjustpickedupthebreadboardandwroteitalldownontheback.ItturnedouttobearealbreakthroughforsolvingthemathematicalproblemIwasworkingon.”
Thisstory–whichhappenedbeforeIwasborn-remindsmehowextraordinarymymotherwas,andisalsoagiftedmathematician.IfeelembarrassedthatIcomplainaboutnothavingenoughchild-freetimetowork.Later,whenmymotherisinthebathroom,Igointoherkitchenandturnoverthebreadboards.Sureenough,onthebackofthesmallestone,aresomepenciledmarksIrecognizeasmathematics.Thosesymbolshavetraveledunaffectedthroughfiftyyears,rootedinthesoilofacheapwoodenbreadboard,invisible(看不到的)exhibitsateverymeal.
()1.Whyhastheauthor’smotheralwayskeptthenotepadandpencilinthekitchen?
A.Toleavemessages.
B.Tolisthereverydaytasks.
C.Tonotedownmathsproblems
D.Towritedownaflashofinspiration
()2.Whatistheauthor’soriginalopinionaboutthewoodenstand?
A.Ithasgreatvalueforthefamily.
B.Itneedstobereplacedbyabetterone.
C.Itbringsherbacktoherlonelychildhood.
D.Itshouldbepassedontothenextgeneration.
()3.Theauthorfeelsembarrassedfor____.
A.blaminghermotherwrongly
B.givinghermotheralotoftrouble
C.notmakinggooduseoftimeashermotherdid
D.notmakinganybreakthroughinherfield
()4.Whatcanbeinferredfromhelastparagraph?
A.Themotherissuccessfulinhercareer
B.Thefamilymemberslikestraveling.
C.Theauthorhadlittletimetoplaywhenyoung
D.Themarksonthebreadboardhavedisappeared
()5.Intheauthor’smind,hermotheris____.
A.strangeinbehavior.
B.keenonherresearch.
C.fondofcollectingoldthings.
D.carelessaboutherappearance
D
Asksomeonewhattheyhavedonetohelptheenvironmentrecentlyandtheywillalmostcertainlymentionrecyclinginthehomeisveryimportantofcourse.However,beingforcedtorecycleoftenmeanswealreadyhavemorematerialthanweneed.Wearedealingwiththeresultsofthatover-consumptioninthegreenestwaypossible,butitwouldbefarbetterifwedidnotneedtobringsomuchmaterialhomeinthefirstplace.
Thetotalamountofpackagingincreasedby12%between1999and2005.Itnowmakesupathirdofatypicalhousehold’swasteintheUK.Inmanysupermarketsnowadaysfooditemsarepackagedtwicewithplasticandcardboard.
Toomuchpackagingisdoingseriousdamagetotheenvironment.TheUK,forexample,isrunningoutofitforcarryingthisunnecessarywaste.Ifsuchpackagingisburnt,itgivesoffgreenhousegaseswhichgoontocausethegreenhouseeffect.Recyclinghelps,buttheprocessitselfusesenergy.Thesolutionisnottoproducesuchitemsinthefirstplace.Foodwasteisaseriousproblem,too.Toomanysupermarketsencouragecustomerstobuymorethantheyneed.However,afewofthemarecomingroundtotheideathatthiscannotcontinue,encouragingcustomerstoreusetheirplasticbags,forexample.
Butthisisnotjustaboutsupermarkets.Itisaboutallofus.Wehavelearnedtoassociatepackagingwithquality.Thisisespeciallytrueoffood.Butisalsoappliestoawiderangeof
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