英语姓名常识.docx
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英语姓名常识.docx
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英语姓名常识
英语姓名常识
英语姓名的一般结构为:
教名+自取名+姓。
如WilliamJaffersonClinton。
但在很多场合中间名往往略去不写,如GeorgeBush,而且许多人更喜欢用昵称取代正式教名,如BillClinton。
上述教名和中间名又称个人名。
现将英语民族的个人名、昵称和姓氏介绍如下:
I.个人名按照英语民族的习俗,一般在婴儿接受洗礼的时候,由牧师或父母亲朋为其取名,称为教名。
以后本人可以在取用第二个名字,排在教名之后。
英语个人名的来源大致有以下几种情况:
1.采用圣经、希腊罗马神话、古代名人或文学名著中的人名作为教名。
2.采用祖先的籍贯,山川河流,鸟兽鱼虫,花卉树木等的名称作为教名。
3.教名的不同异体。
4.采用(小名)昵称。
5.用构词技术制造新的教名,如倒序,合并。
6.将母亲的娘家姓氏作为中间名。
英语民族常用的男子名有:
James,John,David,Daniel,Michael,常见的女子名为:
Jane,Mary,Elizabeth,Ann,Sarah,Catherine.
II.昵称昵称包括爱称、略称和小名,是英语民族亲朋好友间常用来表示亲切的称呼,是在教名的基础上派生出来的。
通常有如下情况:
1.保留首音节。
如Donald=>Don,Timothy=>Tim.如果本名以元音开头,则可派生出以'N'打头的昵称,如:
Edward=>Ned.2.+ie或-y如:
Don=>Donnie,Tim=>Timmy.3.采用尾音节,如:
Anthony=>Tony,Beuben=>Ben.4.由一个教名派生出两个昵称,如:
Andrew=>Andy&Drew.5.不规则派生法,如:
William的一个昵称是Bill.
III.姓氏英国人在很长的一段时间里只有名而没有姓。
直到16世纪姓氏的使用才广泛流行开来。
英语姓氏的词源主要有:
1.直接借用教名,如Clinton.
2.在教名上加上表示血统关系的词缀,如后缀-s,-son,-ing;前缀M'-,Mc-,Mac-,Fitz-等均表示某某之子或后代。
3.在教名前附加表示身份的词缀,如St.-,De-,Du=,La-,Le-.
4.反映地名,地貌或环境特征的,如Brook,Hill等。
5.反映身份或职业的,如:
Carter,Smith.6.反映个人特征的,如:
Black,Longfellow.7.借用动植物名的,如Bird,Rice.8.由双姓合并而来,如Burne-Jones.英语姓氏虽然出现较教名晚,但数量要多得多。
常用的有:
Smith,Miller,Johnson,Brown,Jones,Williams.
IV.几点说明
1.较早产生的源于圣经,希腊罗马神话的教名通常不借用为姓氏。
2.英国人习惯上将教名和中间名全部缩写,如M.H.Thatcher;美国人则习惯于只缩写中间名,如RonaldW.Reagan。
3.在姓名之前有时还要有人际称谓,如职务军衔之类。
Dr.,Prof.,Pres.可以用于姓氏前或姓名前;而Sir仅用于教名或姓名前。
英语课堂教学常用语汇集
1.上课(Beginningaclass)
(1)Let'sstartnow./Let'sbeginourclass/lesson.
(2)Standup,please.
(3)Sitdown,please.
2.问候(Greeting)
(4)Hello,boysandgirls/children.
(5)Goodmorning,class/everyone/everybody/children/boysandgirls.
(6)Goodafternoon,class/everyone/everybody/children/boysandgirls.
(7)Howareyoutoday?
3.考勤(Checkingattendance)
(8)Who'sondutytoday?
/Who'shelpingthismorning/today?
(9)Iseveryone/everybodyhere/present?
(10)Isanyoneaway?
/Isanybodyaway?
(11)Isanyoneabsent?
/Isanybodyabsent?
(12)Who'sabsent?
/Who'saway?
(13)Whereishe/she?
(14)Trytobeontime./Don'tbelatenexttime.
(15)Gobacktoyourseat,please.
(16)Whatdayisittoday?
(17)What'sthedatetoday?
(18)What'stheweatherliketoday?
(19)What'sitlikeoutside?
4.宣布(Announcing)
(20)Let'sstartworking./Let'sbegin/startanewlesson./Let'sbegin/startourlesson.
(21)First,let'sreview/dosomereview.
(22)Whatdidwelearninthelastlesson?
(23)Whocantell/rememberwhatwedidinthelastlesson/yesterday?
(24)Nowwe'regoingtodosomethingnew/different./Nowlet'slearnsomethingnew.
(25)Wehavesomenowwords/sentences.
5.提起注意(Directingattention)
(26)Ready?
/Areyouready?
(27)Didyougetthere?
/Doyouunderstand?
(28)Isthatclear?
(29)Anyvolunteers?
(30)Doyouknowwhattodo?
(31)Bequiet,please./Quiet,please.
(32)Listen,please.
(33)Listencarefully,please.
(34)Listentothetaperecorder/therecording.
(35)Lookcarefully,please.
(36)Lookoverhere.
(37)Watchcarefully.
(38)Areyourwatching?
(39)Pleaselookattheblackboard/picture/map...
(40)Payattentiontoyourspelling/pronunciation…
6.课堂活动(Classroomactivities)
(41)Start!
/Startnow.
(42)Everybodytogether./Alltogether.
(43)Practiseinagroup./Practiseingroups/ingroups,please.
(44)Getintogroupsofthree/four...
(45)Everybodyfindapartner/friend.
(46)Inpairs,please.
(47)Oneatatime./Let'sdoitonebyone.
(48)Nowyou,please./Yourturn{Student'sname).
(49)Next,please.Nowyoudothesame,please.
(50)Let'sact./Let'sactout/dothedialogue.
(51)WhowantstobeA?
(52)Practisethedialogue,please.
(53)NowTomwillbeA,andtheotherhalfwillbeB.
(54)Pleasetake(play)thepartof...
(55)Whoseturnisit?
(56)It'syourturn.
(57)Waityourturn,please.
(58)Standinline./Lineup.
(59)Onebyone./Oneatatime,please.
(60)Intwos./Inpairs.
(61)Don'tspeakout.
(62)Turnaround.
7.请求(Request)
(63)Couldyoupleasetryitagain?
(64)Couldyoupleasetrythenextone?
(65)Willyoupleasehelpme?
8.鼓励(Encouraging)
(66)Canyoutry?
(67)Try,please.
(68)Tryyourbest./Doyourbest.
(69)Thinkitoverandtryagain.
(70)Don'tbeafraid/shy.
9.指令(Issuingacommand)
(71)Say/Readafterme,please.
(72)Followme,please.
(73)DowhatIdo.
(74)Repeat,please./Repeatafterme.
(75)Oncemore,please./Onemoretime,please.
(76)Comehere,please.
(77)Pleasecometothefront./Comeupandwriteontheblackboard/chalkboard.
(78)Comeandwriteitontheblackboard.
(79)Pleasegobacktoyourseat.
(80)InEnglish,please.
(81)Putyourhandup,please.Raiseyourhand,please.
(82)Putyourhandsdown,please./Handsdown,please.
(83)Sayit/WriteitinChinese/English.
(84)Pleasetakeoutyourbooks.
(85)Pleaseopenyourbooksatpage.../Findpage.../Turntopage...
(86)Pleaseanswerthequestion/questions./Pleaseanswermyquestion(s).
(87)Pleasereadthisletter/word/sentenceoutloud./Pleasereadoutthisletter/word/sentence.
(88)Pleasestopnow./Stopnow,please./Stophere,please.
(89)Cleanupyourdesk/theclassroom,please.
(90)It'sclean-uptime./Tidyupyourdesk/theclassroom.
(91)Putyourthingsaway./Cleanoffyourdesk./Pickupthescraps.
(92)Cleantheblackboard.
(93)Pluginthetape-recorder,please.
(94)Putthetape-recorderaway.
(95)Putthetapeinitsbox/cassette.
(96)Listenandrepeat.
(97)Lookandlisten.
(98)Repeatafterme.
(99)Followthewords.
(100)Fast./Quickly!
/Bequick,please.
(101)Hurry!
/Hurryup,please.
(102)Slowdown,please.
(103)Slowly.
(104)Bringmesomechalk,please.
10.禁止和警告(Prohibitionandwarning)
(105)Stoptalking./Stoptalkingnow,please.
(106)Don'ttalk./Everybodyquiet,please.
(107)Don'tbesilly.
(108)Settledown.
11.评价
(109)Good,thankyou.
(110)Good!
/Verygood./Goodjob./Goodwork./Goodexample.
(111)Agoodanswer./Nicework.
(112)Excellent./Great!
/Welldone./Verygood./Ilikethewayyou...
(113)That'sinteresting!
(114)Don'tworryaboutit./Noproblem.
(115)OK!
/That'sOK.
(116)Idon'tthinkso.
(117)That'snotquiteright,anyotheranswers?
/That'sclose./That'salmostright.
(118)Notquite,cananyonehelphim/her?
/Tryagain.
(119)Agoodtry.
12.布置作业(Settinghomework)
(120)Fortoday'shomework...
(121)Practiseafterclass./Practiseathome.
(122)Sayitoutloud,beforeyouwriteitdown.
(123)Copy/Print/Writeeachwordtwice.
(124)Remember(Memorize)thesewords/sentences.
(125)Learnthesewords/thesesentences/thistextbyheart.
(126)Doyourhomework./Dothenextlesson./Dothenewwork,
13.下课(Dismissingtheclass)
(127)Handinyourworkbooks,please.
(128)Timeisup.
(129)Thebellisringing.
(130)There'sthebell.
(131)Theregoesthebell.
(132)Let'sstophere.
(133)That'sallfortoday.
(134)Classisover.
(135)Goodbye./Bye./Seeyounexttime。
。
100个常见的“公共标志和说明”英文表达
1、BusinessHours营业时间
2、OfficeHours办公时间
3、Entrance入口
4、Exit出口
5、Push推
6、Pull拉
7、Shut此路不通
8、On打开(放)
9、Off关
10、Open营业
11、Pause暂停
12、Stop关闭
13、Closed下班
14、Menu菜单
15、Fragile易碎
16、ThisSideUp此面向上
17、Introductions说明
18、OneStreet单行道
19、KeepRight/Left靠左/右
20、BusesOnly只准公共汽车通过
21、WetPaint油漆未干
22、Danger危险
23、LostandFound失物招领处
24、GiveWay快车先行
25、SafetyFirst安全第一
26、FillingStation加油站
27、NoSmoking禁止吸烟
28、NoPhotos请勿拍照
29、NoVisitors游人止步
30、NoEntry禁止入内
31、NoAdmittance闲人免进
32、NoHonking禁止鸣喇叭
33、Parking停车处
34、TollFree免费通行
35、F.F.快进
36、Rew.倒带
37、EMS(邮政)特快专递
39、OpenHere此处开启
40、SplitHere此处撕开
41、MechanicalHelp车辆修理
42、“AA”Film十四岁以下禁看电影
43、DoNotPass禁止超车
44、NoUTurn禁止掉头
45、UTurnOk可以U形转弯
46、NoCyclingintheSchool校内禁止骑车
47、SOS紧急求救信号
48、HandsWanted招聘
49、StaffOnly本处职工专用
50、NoLitter勿乱扔杂物
51、HandsOff请勿用手摸
52、KeepSilence保持安静
53、OnSale削价出售
54、NoBills不准张贴
55、NotforSale恕不出售
56、Pub酒店
57、Cafe咖啡馆、小餐馆
58、Bar酒巴
59、Laundry洗衣店
60、TravelAgency旅行社
61、InShade置于阴凉处
62、KeepinDarkPlace避光保存
63、Poison有毒/毒品
64、GuardagainstDamp防潮
65、BewareofPickpocket谨防扒手
66、ComplaintBox意见箱
67、ForUseOnlyinCaseofFire灭火专用
68、Bakery面包店
69、KeepDry保持干燥
70、Information问讯处
71、NoPassing禁止通行
72、NoAngling不准垂钓
73、ShootingProhibited禁止打猎
74、SeatbyNumber对号入座
75、ProtectPublicPropety爱护公共财物
76、TicketOffice(or:
BookingOffice)售票处
77、VisitorsPleaseRegister来宾登记
78、WipeYourShoesAndBoots请擦去鞋上的泥土
79、Men“s/Gentlemen/GentsRoom男厕所
80、Women“s/Ladies/Ladies“Room女厕所
81、Occupied(厕所)有人
82、Vacant(厕所)无人
83、CommitNoNuisance禁止小便
84、Net(Weight)净重
85、MAN:
25032002生产日期:
2002年3月25日
86、EXP:
25032002失效期:
2002年3月25日
87、AdmissionFree免费入场
88、BikePark(ing)自行车存车处
89、ChildrenandWomenFirst妇女、儿童优先
90、SaveFood节约粮食
91、SaveEnergy节约能源
92、HandlewithCare小心轻放
93、DogsNotAllowed禁止携犬入内
94、KeepAwayFromFire切勿近火
95、ReducedSpeedNow减速行驶
96、RoadUp.Detour马路施工,请绕行
97、KeepTopSideUp请勿倒立
98、TakeCareNottoLeaveThingsBehind当心不要丢失东西
99、PleaseReturntheBackAfterUse用毕放回架上
100、LuggageDepository/LeftLuggage行李存放处
美国人对中国人姓氏的理解
由于用汉语拼音来表达的大陆人的姓名,发音自成一体,看着是同样的字母,在英语里读音却不同,因此生活
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