江苏省高三英语第二学期期初考试专题汇编阅读理解108页.docx
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江苏省高三英语第二学期期初考试专题汇编阅读理解108页.docx
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江苏省高三英语第二学期期初考试专题汇编阅读理解108页
江苏省2018-2019高三第二学期期初考试专题汇编阅读理解
1、江苏省四校(南师附中、天一中学、海门中学、淮阴中学)2019届高三下学期期初调研
A
AHNistheonlystandardsbasednationallyfocusedhomestayorganizationinAustralia.Wehavedecadesofexperienceinmanaginghomestaysforinternationalstudents,usingprovenmethods,standards,training,andacommunicationsnetworktoensurethateverystudent,andeveryhost,hasasafe,culturallyrichexperience.Ourhostsoffermorethanroomsforrent;theyofferasupportsystemandauthenticinterestinwelcomingastudenttoAustralia.
SuperiorHomestayExperiences
Webelievethatchoosingahomestayforaccommodationwhencomingtoanewcountryensuresamoresuccessfulexperienceforinternationalstudents.Ourstudentscanexpecttoenjoyasupportive,friendlyhomewhileadjustingtoAustraliancultureandthecommunitytheywillbelivingin.Ourprogramincludes:
*Homestaymanagementandsupportthroughouttheentirehomestayexperience
*Extensivenationalcriminalbackgroundchecksforhosts
*Studentsupportservicesincludingbankingandtransportation
*Comprehensiveonlinetrainingandorientationforhostsandstudents
*Professionallystaffed24/7criticalincidentcontactcentre
*Managementofallhomestaypaymentsforstudentsandhosts
HowOurHomestaysWork
AHNwillmatcheachstudentwithahostfamilylocatednearthestudent’splaceofeducation.Thehostwillprovidethestudentwithaprivatebedroom,anagreeduponmealplan,andwillassistthestudentinlearningthelocalcustomsandtransportationsystems,aswellasgenerallyhelpingthestudentbecomeacquaintedwiththeAustralianwayoflife.Studentsareencouragedtoshareinformationabouttheirhomeculturesandcountries,asourhostsalsowishtohaveauniqueculturalexperience.
OurHosts
Ourhostsarecarefullyselectedtoensurethatourstudentsareplacedinenvironmentsthatarenotonlysafeandcomfortablebutalsowelcoming.Ourhostsaretrulyinterestedinenjoyingasharedculturalexperiencewiththeirstudents.Westayincontactwithboththehostandthestudentduringthehomestayperiod.WewantallvisitingstudentstohavethemostpositiveexperiencepossiblewhenbeginningtheireducationaljourneyinAustralia.
56.Tobeahomestayhost,oneshould___________.
A.befamiliarwiththestudent’shome-countryculture
B.becommittedtothestudent’sacademicdevelopment
C.bereadytoexposethestudenttolocalculture
D.beabletoprovidefreemealsandtransportation
57.What’sthepurposeofthepassage?
A.ToencouragestudentstostudyinAustralia.
B.Toadvertisehousestointernationalstudents.
C.Toshareaculturalexchangeexperience.
D.TopromoteanAustralianhomestayprogram.
B
Momwaswrongwhenshetaughtmethat“sticksandstonesmaybreakmybones,butnameswillneverhurtme”.Namesdohurt…namescanshame,ridicule,andhumiliate(羞辱).Somerelatetoraceorgender;othersrefertoweight,facialfeatures,oraparticularpartofone’sbody.Namesthatrefertosocialclassorwhatpartofthecountryyou’refromcanbehurtful,ascannamesthatinvolveage,religion,orphysicalability.Certainly,noonelikestobecalledanamethatisdisrespectful,unkind,ormean.Butthereisanothercategoryofname-callingthatisalsohurtfulanddestructive:
namessuchas“racist,”“sexist,”andthelike.Yetmanythrowtheselabelsaroundatthedropofahat,withoutunderstandingwhatthelabelsactuallymean,nottomentionthedamagedonebyaccusingsomeoneofracism,sexism,etc.Theaccusationalonecanbeenoughtoruinareputation,killacareer,orbeusedtodiscreditalifetimeofgoodwork.
Let’sconsiderthedefinitionofracism:
“abeliefthatraceistheprimarydeterminantofhumancharacteristicsandcapacitiesandthatracialdifferenceproducesasuperiorityofaparticularrace”.Howaboutthedefinitionofsexism:
“prejudiceordiscriminationbasedonsex,especiallydiscriminationagainstwomen”.Iwonder,dotheTVtalkingheadsunderstandthetruedefinitionofthelabelstheythrowatpublicfigures:
“racist,”“sexist”orworse,basedonnothingmorethanacommenttakenoutofcontextorsomeone’sclumsyattemptathumor.
Mypointisthatthepoliticalcorrectnessmovementhasgonewaytoofar.Whiletheoriginalintentionofpoliticalcorrectnessmayhavebeengood(toencouragesensitivitytoothers’feelingsaroundissuesofgender,race,religion,sexualorientation,physicalabilities,andsuch),theeffectofpoliticalcorrectnesshasbeentomakeeveryoneavoidthesetopicsaltogether,therebydamagingourabilitytogetcomfortableinlivingandworkingwiththosewhoaredifferentfromus.It’sgonesofarthatpoliticalcorrectnesshasbecomeabiggerproblemthantheproblemitwasintendedtoaddress!
Thesedayseveryoneissoafraidofbeingcalled“sexist”or“racist”orsomeothercareer-killinglabel,thatwealltiptoecarefullyarounddiversityissues,andavoidthemaltogetherifwepossiblycan.
Butthequestionis:
Howareweevergoingtobeabletoliveandworktogethermorecomfortablyifwecan’ttalkaboutourfeeling,fears,anxieties,assumptions,hopes,worries,dreams,andconcerns?
Howcanweeverbuildtrustwiththosewhoaredifferentfromus?
Ifwemustconstantlyself-examineanyconversationrelatingtorace,gender,religion,sexualorientationorphysicalability,thenweareboundtoperpetuatetheverybarrierswesaywewanttoovercome.
58.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?
A.Therearedifferenttypesofhurtfulanddestructivename-calling.
B.TVpresentersarecarefulwhentheyaccusesomeoneofracism.
C.Weshouldavoidtalkingaboutdiversityissuesaltogether.
D.Politicalcorrectnessmakesiteasiertoaddressproblems.
59.Theunderlinedword“perpetuate”probablymeans___________.
A.livewithB.getridofC.burstthroughD.breakdown
60.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsthecurrentsituationofpoliticalcorrectness?
A.Unconcerned.B.Critical.C.Neutral.D.Supportive.
C
WhenNoahShulmanwasbornafewdaysafterChristmas2016,hisparentsKristelleandEvanhadnoreasontoworryabouthim.Everythingwentsmoothly.Butwithinafewdaysoftakinghisfirstbreath,Noahbegantostruggle.Afterapainfulmonthofmedicalemergencies,theShulmanslearnedthattheirsonhadararegeneticdiseasethataffectedhismitochondria(线粒体).Unfortunately,therearenotreatmentsformitochondrialdisorders,asit’snotyetpossibletorepairoraltertheaffectedmitochondrialgenesusinggenetherapy(疗法).
Althoughtoldbydoctorsthattheywouldn’thaveahealthybiologicalchild,andexploringoptionslikeadopting,theShulmansweren’treadytogiveuponhavingbiologicalchildren.Thentheylearnedaboutmitochondrialreplacementtherapy(MRT),apromisinginnovationinfertility(生育)treatmentswhichisconsideredasaformofgeneticediting.Itinvolvesreplacingjustthemutated(突变)mitochondriawithhealthymitochondrialDNAfromadonor,whilekeepingthebiologicalmother’sandfather’sDNAcomplete.
“Wearebreakingdownabarrierthathascertainlyneverbeencrossedbefore,”saysDr.MichioHirano,medicaldirectorofthelaboratoryofmoleculargeneticsatColumbiaUniversity,whoplanstoperformMRTfortheShulmansaspartofastudy.“ClearlybiologicallytheembryoorpersongeneratedhasthreedifferentsourcesofDNA,andthat’sauniqueornovelconcept.”
ScientistslikeHiranoandfamiliesliketheShulmansarefarmorecomfortablewiththatthanarepolicymakers.Federalpolicynotonlypreventsscientistsfromusinggovernmentmoneyforresearchonhumanembryos,butalsoprohibitstheFoodandDrugAdministrationfromevenacceptingapplicationstoconsiderapprovingtheprocedure.That’swhyHiranofoundprivatefundingforhisstudy,whichtheShulmansandfiveothercoupleshavejoined.Evenso,hecanonlyperformMRT;hecannottransfertheembryosforpregnancy(受孕).Theyremainfrozenuntilpolicieschange.“Rightnowweareinsuspensionwiththeseembryos,”hesays.“Wecan’tmoveforwarduntilwehavepermissiontomoveforward.”
Manyresearchersarguethatuniversaldismissalofanyresearchinvolvinggeneticalterationofhumanembryos,likeMRT,closesoffvaluableworkthatcouldleadtotreatmentsfordiseases.Buttheyalsoacknowledgethatsomefast-movingscientistsoverseas,whoarealreadyintroducingpermanentgeneticchangesinembryos,maybegoingtoofar,asit’snotyetclearhowsafeandeffectivetheseinterventionsare.InNovember,aChinesebioengineeralarmedboththescientificcommunityandthepublicwhenheannouncedhehadusedapowerfulbutstilluntestedgene-editingtoolcalledCRISPRtointroduceageneticchangeintwingirlswhentheywereembryostomakethemresistanttoHIVinfection.CRISPR’sdevelopersnotedthatthelong-termimplicationsofeditingthehumangenomearen’tknown,andstoodbytheirpreviouscallforavoluntarymoratorium(暂停)onworkongeneticallyeditinghumanembryosthatwillbetransferredforpregnancy.
KristelleandEvanwillstillhavetowaitbuttheybelievethattimewillhavebeenwellspentifitleadstonewwaysforpeopletohavefamilies.“Evenifitdoesn’tworkoutforusnow,wehopeonedayitwillforeveryoneaffectedbymitochondrialdiseases,”saysKristelle.
61.WhichofthefollowingaboutMRTisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?
A.Apersondoesn’tnecessarilyneedadonortoreceiveMRT.
B.Iteditsthebiologicalparents’DNAcompletely.
C.AnembryoisproducedbyusingthreesourcesofDNA.
D.ItsuccessfullyhelpscouplesliketheShulmanshavehealthybabies.
62.WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph4?
A.Scientistscan’tuseg
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