高考英语写作谋篇布局学科教师辅导教案.docx
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高考英语写作谋篇布局学科教师辅导教案.docx
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高考英语写作谋篇布局学科教师辅导教案
学科教师辅导教案
授课类型
T
C
T文章构思布局
教学目标
1.掌握写作布局的三段式;2.掌握如何对所给材料概括要点
星级
★★
授课日期及时段
教学内容
看上去很美~~
说明:
教师引导学生重视文章的结构和布局,重在简洁清晰,便于理解。
英语写作一般包括一个开头段、一至两个扩展段和一个结尾段。
开头段和结尾段一般比扩展段短。
一、开头段
1.开头段的作用:
概括陈述主题,提出观点或论点,表明写作意图。
开头段一定要语言精练,并且直接切入主题。
开头段一般不对主题进行深入的探讨,具体的论证或叙述应该在扩展段进行。
2.开头段的方法:
1.主题句法:
开篇点明主题,用主题句,然后围绕主题内容进行发展。
例如:
Iinsistthatteenagers’secrets,ifnotatall,shouldbesharedbytheirparents.
2.提问法:
提出有争议或探讨性的具体问题,然后加以简要回答或展开引导性简短讨论。
例如:
Whatdoyouwantfromyourwork?
Money?
Promotions?
Interestingchallenges?
Continuallearning?
Workbasedfriendships?
Theopportunitytodevelopyourownideaandpotentials?
Thoughweareallindividualsandsoouranswerswilldiffer,allagreethatworkprovidesmorethanmaterialthings.
3.引语法:
使用引语(useaquotation):
使用一段名人名言,或人们常用的谚语、习语,以确定文章的写作范围和方向。
例如:
“Greatmindsmustbereadynotonlytotaketheopportunity,buttomakethem.”Colton,agreatwriteronceremarked.Butitstillhasaprofoundsignificancenow.Toaperson,inwhoselifetimeopportunitiesarenotmany,tomakeopportunitiesismoreessentialtohissuccess.
4.数据法:
使用具体详实的数字或数据,然后作出概括性分析,指明问题的症结所在。
例如:
Thesurveydoesdrawmyattentiontotherapidlyincreasingpricesinmydailylife.Takefoodasanexample.Thepricesofpork,beef,fish,chicken,aswellasvariousvegetables,haverisenbyatleast20%.Itseemsthatmoneyisflowingoutofourpocketsmorequickly,butsilently.
5.背景法:
给出背景,描述具体事件的时间、地点和发生背景等,例如:
Oncein
anewspaperIreadofacrowdofpeoplewhoremainedappallinglyindifferenttothepleao
famother.Asshefailedtooffertherequiredamountofcashasapricetosaveherdrowningson,thewomanatlastwatchedhersonsinktodeath.ThestoryisnotrareinnewspapersandonTV,andthecasualnessanddetachmentourpeoplenowhavedevelopedhasarousednationwideconcern.
6.定义法:
针对讨论的主题或问题加以定义,然后进行深入探讨。
例如:
Inmyopinion,mercyisakindattitudetowardsothers.Whenyouunderstandthatsomebodywhohashurtyouorhasdonesomethingwrongtoyouissorry,youaccepthisapology,andforgivehim—that’smercy.
二、中间段
1.中间段是文章的正文,其作用是从不同的层面对文章主题进行具体和详实的解释和论证。
中间段的篇幅一般比开头段和结尾段长,每段有相应的主题句,说明主题思想的扩展句可以采用实例、数据或个人经历等写作手段。
不同种类的段落采用不同的扩展手段。
2.段落展开的基本方法很多,这里简要介绍三种中间段中常用的展开方法:
列举法、因果法、例证法。
1.列举法:
用来列举一系列的原因、方法等等,使文章层次分明,眉清目秀,阅卷老师在疲惫不堪的状态下,看到这样的文章,手一抬,分就高。
下面这篇例文写的是“健身的几种方法”,脉络一目了然。
例文如下:
Thereareanumberofwaysforustokeepfit.First,nomatterhowbusyweare,weshouldhaveexerciseeverydaytostrengthenourmuscles.Second,itisimportanttokeepgoodhours.Forexample,ifweareinthehabitofgoingtobedearlyandgettingupearly,wecanavoidoverworkingourselvesandgetenoughsleep.Finally,entertainmentisalsonecessarysothatwemayhavesomemomentsofrelaxation.Ifwefollowthoseinstructions,wewillcertainlybeingoodhealth.
2.因果法:
说明原因,论述事理。
下面这篇作文讲的是“汉堡受欢迎的原因”,第一段提出问题“为什么受欢迎呢?
”接下来在说原因时,用到了上面的列举法,只不过不是“first,second,finally”而是“first,then,besidesthat”,让人感觉不落俗套。
例文如下:
ThehamburgeristhemostpopularfooditemintheUnitedStates.EveryyearAmericansconsumebillionsofthem.Theyaresoldinexpensiverestaurantsandinhumblediners.Theyarecookedathomeonthekitchenstoveoroverabarbecuegrillinthebackyard.Whyaretheysopopular?
First,ahamburgerisextremelyeasytoprepare.Itisnothingmorethanapieceofgroundbeef,cookedforafewminutes.Thenitisplacedinaslicedbun.Nothingcouldbesimpler.Evenanunskilledcookcanturnouthundredsoftheminanhour.Besidesthat,thesimplehamburgercanbevariedinmanyways.Youcanmeltsomecheeseontopofthebeeftocreateacheeseburger.
3.例证法:
举具体的事例来证明观点,这是议论文最常用的方法,尽量找最能体现观点的例子,具体点,微观点,给人说服力。
请看下面作者论证“不劳无获”的观点,用的是拳击运动的例子。
例文如下:
Thesaying“Nopains,nogains”isuniversallyacceptedbecauseoftheplainyetph
ilosophicalmoralteaches:
ifonewantstoachievesomething,hehastoworkandtoleratemorethanothers.Thesayingistrueofanypursuitmanseeks.Acaseinpointisboxing.Whileweheapcheersonthewinner,fewhappentoimaginethathisgoldbeltiswonatthecostofhiss
weat,tears,blood,evenlifeoveryearsbeforethearrivalofthatexcitingmoment.
二、结尾段
1.结尾段的特点:
干脆利落,深化主题。
2.结尾段的方法:
1.总结归纳:
简要总结归纳文章要点,以便深化主题印象。
2.重申主题:
再次强调和确定文章开头阐述的中心思想。
Allinall,savingmoneyisagreatChinesevirtueanditisespeciallyneededinthisperiod.
3.预测展望:
立足当前,放眼未来。
例如:
Itistimethatthegovernmentshouldspeakoutagainstcorruptionandtakestrongactiontopunishwhoevertakesbribesorembezzlesfund.Forpresentofficialcorruption,ifpermittedtocontinue,willnotonlytarnishthegovernment’spopularity,butleadtoitsultimatedownfall.
4.提出建议:
提出解决问题的途径、方法或呼吁人们采取相应的行动。
四、概括要点
广东高考写作比较特殊,第二题是“读写任务”。
题目中给出一篇文章,要先用30个左右的词概括要点,再根据要求进行写作,下面就来讲讲如何概括要点。
1.阅读所给材料,找出文章的要点
记叙文的要点:
when,where,who,what,how→五要素
议论文的要点:
论点、论据、结论
2.概括、转述要点
记叙文摘要----用自己的话将记叙文的五要素串联起来
议论文摘要---用自己的话表达论点,论据和结论句
转述法---找出主题句和结论句,然后用自己的话来表达.
移花接木法---在阅读材料中找一些可以利用的论点,论据等,再用自己的话语进行阐释,用以充实文章内容,达到移花接木的效果
阅读下面的短文,然后按照要求写一篇150左右的英语短文。
HonestyisoneofthemosttreasuredtraditionalvaluesinChina.Thechildrenaretaughttobehonestwhentheyareveryyoung.Atschoolsthestudentsarealsoinstructedtobehonest.
However,withthedevelopmentofsociety,weoftenhearcomplaintsaboutdishonesty.Reportswiththethemeofdishonestyoftenappearinthemedia.Forexample,somepeopletrytogetrichandliveacomfortablelife.Buttheydonotworkhardhonestly,insteadtheycheatothers.Theysellsomethingquiteordinaryataveryhighprice.Somepeople'sdelayingpayingbacktheloancanserveasanotherexample.Somepeople,includingsomecollegestudents,getloanfromthebank,andpromisetopaywithin,say,3years.However,theydon'tdothat.
Thedishonestpeoplesometimescangetbenefitfromtheirbehaviors.Sosomepeopleassertthatdishonestycanbringpeoplebenefit,whilehonestyonlymakespeoplesuffer.Isthatso?
Definitelynot.Itisalwaystruethathonestyisthebestpolicy.Itpaystobehonest.Thecheaterselling"thetreasure"mentionedabovewillsurelybedisclosedandpunishedsomeday.
Onthecontrary,ifhehadbeenhonest,neitherthebuyernorhehimselfwouldhavesuffered.Thepeoplewhodonotreturnmoneyintimewillsoonerorlaterbecomeinfamous,andwillnotgetthemoneyfromothersagain.Ifhehadacteddifferently,hewouldhaveearnedrespectandtrust,meanwhile,thebankwouldnothavesufferedfromloss.
[写作内容]
1.以约30个词概括短文的要点。
2.然后以约120个词就“诚实”的主题发表看法,并包括以下要点:
(1)你对不诚实现象的看法;
(2)诚实的重要性是什么;
(3)作为中学生,该如何做一个诚实的人。
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Thepassagemainlytellsusthatnowadaysmanypeoplearedishonestfortheirownbenefit.Becausenotonlytheyneglectourtraditionalvalues,butalsotheywanttoescapebeingpunished.
Dishonestydoesgreatharmtooursociety.Itcandestroyourgoodrelationshipwithothers,bringinglotsofunstablefactorstothesociety.Sometimes,itmayevenaffectpeople’shealth.
Whyshouldwebehonest?
Firstly,beinghonestisoneofChinesetraditionalvirtueswhichweshouldcarryforward.Secondly,friendshipisbasedonhonesty.Seeingthatthehonestpersonisreliable,mostofpeoplearewillingtomakefriendswiththem.Thirdly,honestyisveryimportantforustobuildaharmonioussocietyandrealizeourspiritualcivilization.
Asstudents,weshouldacthonestlyeverydayandnevercheatothers,includingcheatinexams.Besides,weshouldhelpthosewhoaredishonestcorrecttheirmistakes.Onlyinthiswaycanwewinrespectfromothers.
回顾一下,我们今天学习了如何对文章构思布局。
阅读下面的短文,然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。
DearEditor,
IamastudentinGradeThreenow.I’mfullofpaineveryday.Ihavetoomuchtolearnandtoomuchhomeworktodoeveryday.InGradeOneandGradeTwo,Ididn’tstudyhardandspentalotoftimeplayingcomputergames.Atthattime,Iplayedcomputergamesalldayandnightwithoutgoingtoschool.Myparentsscoldedmeandevenbeatmemanytimes.Ididn’tlistentothembutquarreledwiththem.SometimesIdidn’ttoevengobackhometosleep.LaterIbecameaddictedtoplayingbasketballandwatchingNBAgames.Iforcedmyparentstobuymebasketballsandexpensivebasketballshoes.Themostexpensiveb
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