中央电大部分专业本科学士学位英语统一考试.docx

中央电大部分专业本科学士学位英语统一考试.docx

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中央电大部分专业本科学士学位英语统一考试

中央电大本科学士学位英语统一考试真题（B卷）

2008年11月

注意事项

一、本场考试时间为上午9：

00——11：

00.

　　二、考生务必在答题卡上用黑色字迹签字笔填写自己的准考证号、姓名和学校，再用2B铅笔把对应准考证号码的标号涂黑。

　　三、请考生仔细阅读题目的说明。

　　四、答案必须按要求写在答题卡规定的位置上，凡是写在试卷册上的答案一律作废。

五、答题时，PartⅠ至PartⅣ部分用2B铅笔按示例填涂，如：

[■][B][C][D]，用其它符号答题者不记分。

修改时，必须先用橡皮擦去原来选定的答案，然后再按要求重新作答。

　　六、PartV部分必须用黑色字迹的签字笔在答题卡规定区域内作答，超出黑色矩形边框区域的答案无效。

PartIReadingComprehension（30%）

Directions:

Therearethreepassagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,C,andD.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandblackenthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheet.

Passage1

Questions1to5arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

Notallmemoriesaresweet.Somepeoplespendalltheirlivestryingtoforgetbadexperiences.Violenceandtrafficaccidentscanleavepeoplewithterriblephysicalandemotional scars.Oftentheyrelivetheseexperiencesinnightmares（噩梦）.

（76）NowAmericanresearchersthinktheyareclosetodevelopingapill,whichwillhelppeopleforgetbadmemories.Thepillisdesignedtobetakenimmediatelyafterafrighteningexperience.Theyhopeitmightreduce,orpossiblyerase（抹去）,theeffectofpainfulmemories.

InNovember,expertstestedadrugonpeopleintheUSandFrance.Thedrugstopsthebodyreleasingchemicalsthatfixmemoriesinthebrain.（77）Sofartheresearchhassuggestedthatonlytheemotionaleffectsofmemoriesmaybereduced,notthatthememoriesareerased.

Theresearchhascausedagreatdealofargument.Somethinkitisabadidea,whileotherssupportit.

Supporterssayitcouldleadtopillsthatpreventortreatsoldiers’troublingmemoriesafterwar.Theysaythattherearemanypeoplewhosufferfromterriblememories.

“Somememoriescanruinpeople’slives.Theycomebacktoyouwhenyoudon’twanttohavetheminadaydreamornightmare.Theyusuallycomewithverypainfulemotions.”saidRogerPitman,aprofessorofpsychiatryatHarvardMedicalSchool.“Thiscouldrelievealotofthatsuffering.”

Butthosewhoareagainsttheresearchsaythatitisverydangeroustochangememoriesbecausememoriesgiveusouridentity.Theyalsohelpusallavoidthemistakesofthepast.

“Allofuscanthinkofbadeventsinourlivedthatwerehorribleatthetimebutmakeuswhoweare.I’mnotsurewewanttowipethosememoriesout,”saidRebeccaDresser,amedicalethicist.

1.Thepassageismainlyabout_____.

A.anewmedicalinvention

B.anewresearchonmemories

C.awayoferasingpainfulmemories

Danargumentabouttheresearchonthepill

2.Thedrugtestedonpeoplecan____.

A.causethebraintofixmemories

B.stoppeoplerememberingtheirexperiences

C.preventbodyproducingcertainchemicals 

D.wipeouttheemotionaleffectsofmemories

3.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat_____.

A.peopledoubttheeffectsofthepills

B.thepillwillstoppeople’sbadexperiences

C.takingthepillwilldoharmtopeople’shealth

D.thepillhasprobablybeenproducedinAmerica

4.WhichofthefollowingdoesRebeccaDresseragreewith?

A.Somememoriescanruinpeople’slives.

B.Peoplewanttogetridofbadmemories.

C.Experiencingbadeventsmakesusdifferentfromothers.

D.Thepillwillreducepeople’ssufferingsfrombadmemories.

5.Theword“scars”inParagraphOneiscloseinmeaningto____.

A.goodstoriesB.pains

C.experiencesD.memories

Passage2

Questions6to10arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

On-the-jobsmokingisahotissueforbothsmokersandnon-smokers,andmanymanagersnowseesmokingasaproductivityproblem.Althoughsomepeoplequestionwhethersmokingreallyaffectsone’sproductivity,ithas,infact,beenproventhatasmokercostsacompanymorethananon-smoker.AccordingtoProfessorWilliamWeis,asmokingemployeecostshisorheremployerabout$5,700moreayearthananever-smoker.Thesecostsincludemedicalcare,lostearningsandinsurance.Andabsenceduetosmokingbreaksisoneoftheproductivityproblems,yetitaccountsforagreatdealofemployercosts.

（78） Whentheissueofsmokingattheworkplaceisdiscussed,perhapsthemostimportantproblemisthehealthriskthatsmokingcausestobothsmokersandnever-smokers.Ithaslongbeenproventhatsmokingislinkedtolungcancer.Nowmanyhealthexpertswarnthatpassivesmokingcancauselungcancerandotherillnessesinhealthynever-smokers.Passivesmokingcanbedefinedasexposuretosecond-handtobaccosmokeinenclosedareas.Anyonewhohasbeenwithsmokersindeedknowsthattheirsmokecancauseeyeirritation,coughing,headachesandthroatsoreness.Whileeyeirritationmayseemasmallthingtosomesmokers,itneverthelessisaproblemthatoccurseveryworkdayinofficesandbreak-roomsandcanleadtogreaterhealthproblems.Employeeswhodonotsmokeshouldnotbesubjectedtotherisksofpassivesmokingandneedtobeabletoworkinasafeenvironment.SurgeonGeneralKoopstatesthattherightofthesmokerstopsatthepointwherehisorhersmokingincreasesthediseaseriskofthoseoccupyingthesameenvironment.

6.Allthefollowingcasesareon-the-jobsmokingexceptthat____.

A.anemployersmokeswhileworkingintheoffice

B.ataxidriversmokeswhiledrivingthecar

C.aworkersmokeswhileworkingintheworkshop

D.aworkersmokeswhilereadinginthetrain

7.Accordingtothepassage,on-the-jobsmokingaffectsanemployee’sperformanceintheofficeinthat_____.

A.hecanconcentrateonwhatheisdoingwhilesmoking

B.heoftengoesawayfromhisdesktosmokeinthebreak-room

C.heoftenasksforsickleaveasaresultoftoomuchsmoking

D.hetakesarestfromtimetotimebecauseofeyeirritation

8.Manymanagersdonotseemtobeinfavorofon-the-jobsmokingmainlybecauseit____.

A.reducesproductivityofthecompanytoacertaindegree

B.doesharmtothehealthofnever-smokersofthecompany

C.affectstherelationshipbetweensmokersandnon-smokers

D.makesthebreak-roomsmorecrowdedandmorepolluted

9.Passivesmokingmeans____

A.never-smokerstakeupthehabitofsmokingunwillingly

B.never-smokershavetoputupwiththeactivesmokers

C.never-smokerstakeinsmokereleasedbyalitcigarette

D.never-smokersshareanenclosedareawithsmokers

10.Inthesecondpartofthepassage,theauthorsuggestsbanningon-the-jobsmokingsoasto_____.

A.cutdowncostsofmedicalcareandinsurance

B.createahealthyandsafeworkingenvironment

C.preventeyeirritationfrombecomingabighealthproblem

D.improvethesmokingemployees’workefficiency

Passage3

Questions11to15arebasedonthefollowingpassage

ScientistsinIndiahaveinventedanewwaytoproduceelectricity.Theirinventiondoesnotgetitspowerfromoil,coalorotherfuels.Itproduceselectricitywiththepowerofanimals.Indiahasabouteightymillionbullocks.Theydoallkindsofjobs.Theyworkinthefields.Theypullvehiclesthroughthestreets.Theycarrywatercontainers.（79）Indianenergyofficialshavebeenseekingwaystouselessimportedoiltoprovideenergy.ScientistsattheNationalInstituteforIndustrialEngineeringinBombaywonderedwhetherthemillionsofbullockscouldhelp.ManyvillagesinIndialackelectricity,buttheyhavemanybullocks.Andoftentheanimalsarenotworking.Onejobdonebybullocksistopumpwateroutofthewell.Theanimalsdothisbywalkingaroundandaroundinacircle.Astheywalk,theyturnaheavystickthatmakesthepumpmove. Thissimpletechnologyiscenturiesold.Scientiststhoughtthatthesametechnologycouldbeusedtoproduceelectricity.Bullockswalkinacircleonlytwoorthreetimesaminute.Thisismuchtooslowtoproduceelectricity,butitcancreateenoughpowertoturnaseriesofgears.Alargegearsitsnexttoasmallergear.Asthelargegearturns,itcausesthesmallergeartoturn.Thatgearturnsanevensmallerone.Eachgearmovesfasterbecauseitisalittlesmaller.Thesmallestgearmayturnextremelyfast.（80）Clocksoperatewithgears.Sodocarsandsodoesthedeviceinventedbythe Indianscientiststoproduceelectricity.

AccordingtotheofficialsintheUnitedNations,theideaisbeingtestedatseveralplacesinIndia.Thedeviceiseasytooperateandrepair.Anditcanbemovedeasily.Itcostsaboutthreehundredandsevendollarsnowtomakesuchadevice,butproductionoflargenumbersofthemcouldcutthecostofeachtoabouttwohundreddollars.

11.Whofirstthoughtofusingbullockstoprovideenergy?

A.IndianenergyofficialsB.ScientistsinIndia 

C.OfficialsintheUnitedNationsD.ResearchersinEurope.

12.WhichkindofjobthatthebullocksdoisNOTmentionedinthepassage?

A.PullingvehiclesB.Plowingfields

C.Pumpingwateroutifwells D.Carryingfoodbaskets.

13.WhyarebullocksusedtoprovideenergyinIndia?

A.BecausebullockshavelongbeenusedbyIndianpeople

B.Becausebullockswalkslowlyandareeasytocontrol

C.Becausetherearefewnon-workingbullocksinIndia 

D.BecausethereisnotenoughoilinIndia

14.Inthesentence“Thissimpletechnologyiscenturiesold” in ParagraphOne,“Thissimpletechnology”refersto_____.

A.usingbullockstoproduceenergy

B.usingpumpstodrawwaterout

C.havingbullockswalkaroundtomakethepumpmove

D.connectinggearsofdifferentsizestoproduceelectricity

15.Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutthedevicementionedinthepassage?

A.Ithasalargegearandasmallergear.

B.It’seasytouse,butdifficulttomove.

C.It’squitecheap.

D.It’sstillbeingtested.

PartIIVocabularyandStructure（30%）

Directions:

Inthispartthereare30incompletesentences.ForeachsentencetherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.